阅读理解细节题猜词题突破.docx

阅读理解细节题猜词题突破.docx

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阅读理解细节题猜词题突破

第三讲细节理解题

一、提问方法

1.问对错

Whichofthefollowingistrue/nottrue?

Allthestatementsaretrue

except

Whichofthefollowingstatementsis（not）mentionedinthepassage?

2.问细节点Who,what,which,when,where,why,how的提问。

3.问加工细节排序题:

：

Whichistherightorderoftheeventsgiven

inthepassage?

计算题：

对门票、学费等进行简单的计算。

图形题：

二、解题方法1.审题——找到问题中的关键词；

1.定位——回到文章中进行定位；（注意：

在阅读文章时要对关键词事先进行标记，以便审题后迅速定位）

找关键词：

关键词一般是醒目的词汇及实词，比如：

数字、大写、人名、地名、时间状语、复合词、中文解释，标点符号（“”，—，下划线等）

找关键词三原则：

（1）尽量避免用中心词和常用词作关键词。

（2）答案ABCD里有3-4个相同的词，一般是关键词。

（3）用关键词在文章中找到问题的出处，可能是关键词的重复或者是同反义词的转述。

出题点：

强转折：

两个虽然（although,while）三个但是（but,yet,however）

两个事实（infact,actually）两个尽管（despite,inspiteof）

强对比：

other,ontheotherhand,today,now强因果：

because,since,for,so,thus,therefore,conclude

序数词、最高级并特别注意宾从、定从和状从！

细节事实题还要十分注意句子的非主干成分，如定语、状语、补语等，这些成分都是出题者常进行误导的落脚点。

2.分析理解，选项是哪个——排除法错误选项有哪些？

陷阱大揭密陷阱一：

偷换数量

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&—AlUO礙申土凰9多者黑也申事忑人IUo—⅛,<⅛PS^⅜⅛thiskindofcreditcard.

陷阱三：

偷换确定性和不确定性表达原文中可能本是推测、可能、也许，而题干中换成必然、绝对（possibly,can,maybe——must,can't,never）或者在题干中加入了否定前缀。

例如：

文章中是happy,而题干中换成了unhappy。

（2012唐山）Somechildrenfeelitisverydifficulttodotheirhomework,becausetheycan'tunderstandtheirteacherclearly,andcan'tfollow

theirteacher'steachingprocess（过程）.Maybethereissomethingwrongwiththeirintelligence.

Butsomechildren'sintelligenceisnormal.Theyareevencleverer,buttheydon'tlistentotheteachercarefully.Itishardforthemto

sitwellandpayattentiontoanything.Itneedstocarryontheattentioncentralized（集中注意力）trainingtohelpthechildren.

Somechildrenfindthehomeworkdifficult.WhichreasonisNOTright?

A.Theycan'tunderstandtheirteacherclearlyB.Theycan'tfollowtheir

teacher'steachingprocess

C.Theintelligenceofallthestudentsisn'tnormalD.Theydon'tlisten

totheteachercarefully陷阱四：

偷换逻辑

◆因果倒置◆充分条件和必要条件混合◆并列混淆成因果关系陷阱五：

偷换时态警惕完成时，文章中可能是即将完成，题干中偷换成了已经完成。

2013江西）

DNAisthewhole“map”ofthehumanbody.Itissomethingthatallhumanshave,andittellsthebodywhattodo.DNAisthereasonthatwelooklikeourparents,becausewegetsomeoftheirDNAtomakeourown.

Peoplehavebeentryingtounderstandthehumanbodyforalongtime.

InI860,Mr.Mendeldiscoveredwhywelookthesameasotherpeopleinourfamily.Itisbecauseofsmallthingscalled“genes”（基因）inourbody.In1953,twoscientists,WatsonandCrick,foundoutthatthosesmallpartsarereallymessages.They'rewrittenintheDNAwithaspeciallanguage.

In1961,anothertwoscientistsfoundthefirst“word”thattheycouldunderstandinthatlanguage.ItshowshowDNAtellsthecell（细胞）tobuilditsparts,sofarscientistshavefoundallthewordsintheDNAmap,butwestilldonotunderstandwhattheyalldo.Byunderstandingwhatjustone“word”means,wecanhelptosavepeoplefromseveralillnesses.Sothemoreweunderstand,themoredoctorswillbeabletodo.

Mostpeoplehopethatthiswillhelptomakebettermedicineandhelpsickpeople:

Otherpeopleworrythatwhenwecanlearnmore“words”and

findoutmoreinformation,wewilluseitinthewrongway,justtomakepeoplemoreattractive（有吸引力的）,orstopsickpeoplegettingjobs.根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。

1.WhendidMr.Mendeldiscoverwhywelookthesameasotherpeopleinourfamily?

1961.C.In

1953.D.In1860.

2.Whatdidthetwoscientistsfindin1961?

Theyfound.

A.allthewordsintheDNAmapB.smallthingscalled“genes”

inourbody

C.thefirst“word”theycouldunderstandinthatlanguage

D.thosesmallpartsarewrittenintheDNAwithaspeciallanguage

3.Howcanwehelpsickpeopleifweunderstandmore“words”intheDNAmap?

A.Makebettermedicine.B.Makethemgetjobs.C.Makemapsforthem.D.Makethemattractive.

4.Whichoneisnottrueaccordingtothearticle?

A.Welooklikeourparentsbecauseof“genes”inourbody.

B.WehaveunderstoodwhatallthewordsintheDNAmapdo.

C.DNAisthewhole“map”ofthehumanbody.

D.DNAtellsthecelltobuilditsparts.

5.WhatdopeoplethinkaboutthisresearchaboutDNA?

A.Itcanbeonlybad.B.Itcanbeonlygood.C.Itcanbegoodbut

won'twork.D.Itcanbegoodandbad.

（2013江西）

Shouldwebeafraidofsharks?

Maybenot.Newresearchintothereasons

forsharkattacks（攻击）suggeststhatsharksdon'tlikethewayhumans

taste!

Infact,mostpeoplewhoareattackedbythesharkarestillaliveafterreceivingonlyonebite（咬）.Whyisthis?

Therearemanyopinionstoexplainwhysharkssometimesattackpeople.

Oneopinionisthatsharksarejustcurious（好奇的）.Weknowthatsharks

arethestrongestanimalsintheirenvironment,sotheyarenotafraidofanything.Naturally,thatmeanstheyarecuriouswhentheymeetsomethingunusual.Becausetheydon'thavehandsorfeet.,theonlywaytheycanfindoutanobjectistobiteit!

Itisthoughtthatsharkssometimesbitehumansforthisreason,andthenswimaway.

Scientistsalsosaythatsharkswouldnotwasteenergytryingtoeat

ahuman,aswehavealotofbones（骨头）.Itishardforasharktoeatusbecausesharksdon'thavehands,andtheycan'tpullthemeatoffourbones.Maybethat'swhytheyonlybiteusonce.Unluckily,onebitefromalargesharkisseriousenoughtohurtpeoplegreatly!

Anotheropinionisthatsharksattackhumansbymistake.Somesharks

maysometimesmistakehumansforaseal.Anexampleofthisiswhenasharkattackattacksasurfer.Asurferlyingonasurfboardlookslikeasealwhenseenfrombelow.Sharkslikesealsbecausetheyhavethickfat.

Whateverthereasonforsharkattacksonhumans,sharksshouldbeafraidofus.Sadly,wekillalmost40millionofthemeachyear.

73.Whathappenstopeopleattackedbysharks?

becauseofdeaf.

C.Mostofthemdied.D.Mostofthem

arestillalive.

74.Howdosharksfindoutaboutanunusualobjectaccordingtothepassage?

A.Bybiting.B.Bysmelling.

C.Bytouching.D.Bykilling.

75.Whichsentenceaboutsharksistrue?

A.Sharkspullmeatoffboneswhentheyeat.B.Sharks

mightmistakehumansforseals.

C.Sharksliketoattacksurfersbecauseoftheirthickfat.D.

Onebitefromasharkisnothingserious.

第四讲词义猜测题突破一、猜词题标志：

1.Inthispassage,theunderlinedword“”means.

2.Theunderlinedword“”refersto.

3.Here“it”means.

二、猜词题解题方法：

1.根据常识

Adeaf-and-dumbguywentintoahardwarestoretoaskforsomenails.

Usuallypeoplemakedumplingsathome.Ifyouhavenotimetomakethem,

youcanbuythemfromanysupermarket.Thenyoutakethemhomeandeatthem

withvinegar.

2.根据上下文

例1：

OneofthethingsIalwaysbelieveisthatnomatterhowbadsomethingis,youcantakesomethingpositiveoutofit.

Itwasn'tuntilafewweeksafterSeptember11thatIbegantosee

thatperhapssomegooddidcomefromthistragedy.

Theword“positive”inthepassageprobablymeans.

A.terribleB.badC.goodD.real

例2：

Ifhethinkshecaninvitemeout,heisallwet.Idon'tlike

tobewithhim.Theunderlinedphrase“allwet”means.

A.drunkB.sweatingC.happyD.mistaken

例3：

LunchisbetweentwelveandoneO'clock.Itislikealightmealandworkingpeoplemusttakelunchwiththemorgetitnearworkplace.

Whatdoes“light”meaninChinese?

A.重的B.有用的C.轻的D.不太重要的

例4：

Initsfirstyearofbusiness,DinersClubissued200cards.ThecustomerswhogotthecardsfromDinersClubcouldusethemat27differentrestaurants.Today,DinersClubhasabout8millioncustomers,andtheycanusetheircardsinover7.6millionbusinessesinmorethan200countries.

Theunderlineword“issued”inthepassageprobablymeans“”.

A.showedB.tookC.borrowedD.provided

3.根据转折/因果关系

because,as,since,for,so,thus,asaresult,ofcourse,therefore⋯⋯例1：

Youshouldn'thaveblamedhimforthat,foritwasn'thisfault.

4.根据同义/反义

表示同义and,or⋯gayandhappy

例1：

SotheItaliangovernmentaskedsomeofItaly'sbiggestconstructionandengineeringcompaniestobuildtheMOSEproject,whichwasplannedtobebuiltundertheseawatertostopfloods.

Theunderlinedword“construction”inthepassagemeans“”

inChinese.

A.建筑B.农业C.交通

表示反义——but,while,however,not,及表示否定意义的词语

例1：

Heissohomely,notatallashandsomeashisbrother

5.构词法：

转化，合成，派生。

例：

water,kind-hearted,uncompleted等。

否定前缀un-加在形容词、副词、名词前unhappyunknown

否定前缀non-nonmetalnonviolentnonprofessional

pre-（之前）pre-historypre-election

-proof加在名词后（adj.防⋯⋯的）waterproofbombproofsoundproof

6.根据定义/释义/描述

常由is,thatis（tosay）,inotherwords,mean,beconsideredtobe,

referto,call,becalled,beknownas,define,represent,signify等

例1：

Robotsalsohelpdi