北京成人英语三级考试真题B卷带标准答案.docx

北京成人英语三级考试真题B卷带标准答案.docx

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北京成人英语三级考试真题B卷带标准答案

2010年11月北京成人英语三级考试真题（B卷）

PartIReadingComprehension（30%）

　　Directions:

Therearethreepassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandblackenthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet。

　　Passage1

　　Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

　　Breastfeeding（母乳喂养）foramonthorlongerappearstoreduceawoman’sriskofgettingdiabetes（糖尿病）laterinlife,accordingtoanewstudy.Thebreastfeedinganddiabeteslinkhasbeenreportedinotherstudies,accordingtoresearcherEleanorSchwarz.Yet,herstudymakesthelinkeasiertobelieve.HerstudyispublishedinajournalofmedicineinAmerica.Schwarzandhercolleagueslookedatdataaboutbreastfeedingpractices.Theyevaluateddataon2,233womenfromCalifornia.Ofthose,405werenotmothers,1,125weremotherswhobreastfedforatleastamonth,and703weremotherswhohadneverbreastfed.Theywere40to78yearsold。

　　AccordingtoSchwarz’sstudy,theriskofgettingadiagnosis（诊断）ofType2diabetesforwomenwhobreastfedalltheirchildrenforamonthorlongerwassimilartothatofwomenwhohadnotgivenbirth.Butmotherswhohadneverbreastfedwerenearlytwiceaslikelytodevelopdiabetesaswomenwhohadnevergivenbirth.Motherswhoneverbreastfedwereabout1.4timesaslikelytodevelopdiabetesaswomenwhobreastfedforonetothreemonths,Schwarzfound。

　　Whileonemonthofbreastfeedingappearstomakeadifference,Schwarzsays,evenlongerisbetter.（76）“Previousstudieshaveshownthelongerthemombreastfeeds,themorebenefitforherbody。

”Manyexpertsrecommendbreastfeedingforsixmonthsandcontinuingforayear,shesays。

　　Thediabetes-breastfeedinglinkisprobablyexplainedbybellyfat.Mothers,whodon’tbreastfeed,astheygetolder,mayhavemorebellyfat,asbreastfeedinghelpsnewmotherstakeoffweight.“Bellyfatincreasestheriskofdiabetesasyougetolder,”shesays。

　　Thefindingisn’tsurprisingatall,saysKimberlyGregory.Sheoftengivesadvicetowomenwhogetdiabetes（occurringduringpregnancy（怀孕）thattheyareatriskforlatergettingType2diabetesandsuggeststheybreastfeed.ThenewfindingswillprobablyinspireGregorytoaddtotheadviceshegivesmoms-to-beaboutthebenefitsofbreastfeeding.Sheoftenfocusesonthebenefitstothebaby。

　　1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

　　A.Abouttwothousandandtwohundredoldwomentookpartinthestudy。

　　B.EleanorSchwarz’sresearchprogramwasaboutmenandwomenwhosufferedfromdiabetes。

　　C.Overonefifthsofthewomennevergotmarried。

　　D.EleanorSchwarz’sresultsseemmorereliable。

　　2.AccordingtoSchwarz’sfindings,whoaremorelikelytogetdiabeteslaterinlife?

　　A.Thosemotherswhohadneverbreastfed。

　　B.Thosemotherswhonevergavebirth。

　　C.Thosemotherswhobreastfedforamonth。

　　D.Thosemotherswhobreastfedforsixmonths。

　　3.WhichofthefollowingstatementswouldSchwarzagreewith?

　　A.Breastfeedingisnotadvisablebecauseitisnotgoodforamomtokeepagoodshape。

　　B.Breastfeedingcangreatlyreduceamother’schancesofgettingallkindsofseriousdisease。

　　C.Breastfeedingforamonthishighlyrecommended:

thelonger,thebetter。

　　D.Breastfeedingforamonthorlongermakesbabiessmarter。

　　4.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“moms-to-be”inthelastparagraph?

　　A.Womenwhoarepregnant,especiallyforthefirsttime。

　　B.Womenwhodreamofhavingbabiesforthefirsttime。

　　C.Womenwhoalreadyhavechildren。

　　D.Womenwhohavejustgotbabiesforthefirsttime。

　　5.Whichofthefollowingisanappropriatetitleforthispassage?

　　A.BreastfeedingMayEnhanceBabies’ChancesofSurvival

　　B.BreastfeedingMayLowerMoms’DiabetesRisk

　　C.BreastfeedingMayBecomeVeryFashionableinNearFuture

　　D.BreastfeedingMayHelpWomenLoseWeight。

　　Passage2

　　Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

　　Archaeology,likemanyacademicwords,comesfromGreekandmeans,moreorless,“thestudyofoldthings”.So,itisreallyapartofthestudyofhistory.However,mosthistoriansusepaperevidence,suchasletters,paintingsandphotographs,butarchaeologists（考古学家）learnfromtheobjectsleftbehindbythehumansoflongago.Normally,thesearethehardmaterialsthatdon’tbreakdownordisappearveryquickly—thingslikehumanbonesandobjectsmadefromstoneandmetal。

　　Itisveryunusualtofindanythingmorethanthehardevidenceofhistory—normally,thebacteria（细菌）intheaireatawayatsoftmaterials,likebodies,clothesandthingsmadeofwood.Occasionally,thingsaredifferent。

　　In1984,twomenmadeanamazingdiscoverywhileworkinginabogcalledLindowMoss,inthenorthofEngland.Abogisaverywetareaofearth,withalotofplantsgrowinginit.Itcanbelikeaverybigandverythickvegetablesoup—walkinthewrongplaceandyoucansinkanddisappearforever.Themenwereworkingwhenoneofthemsawsomethingstickingout—ahumanfoot!

Naturally,themencalledthepolice,whothenfoundtherestofthebody.Wasitacaseofmurder?

Possibly—buyitwasadeathnearlytwothousandyearsold.ThetwomenhadfoundabodyfromthetimeoftheRomaninvasionofBritain.Despitebeingsoold,thisbodyhadskin,muscles,hairandinternalorgans—thescientistswhoexaminedhimwereabletolookinsidetheman’sstomachandfindthefoodthathehadeatenforhislastmeal!

　　Whywasthismansowellpreserved?

（77）Itwasbecausehewasinaverywateryenvironment,safefromthebacteriathatneedoxygentolive.Also,thewaterinthebogwasveryacidic.Theacidpreservedtheman’sskininthewaythatanimalskinispreservedforleathercoatsandshoes。

　　Howdidhedie?

Understandably,archaeologistsandotherscientistswantedtoknowmoreaboutthepersonthattheycalled,“LindowMan”.（78）Hishandsandfingernailssuggestedthathehadn’tdoneheavymanualworkinthislife—hecouldhavebeenarichman.Theyfoundthathehadn’tdiedbyaccident.Thearchaeologistsbelievethathewassacrificedtothreedifferentgods。

　　6.Whichlanguagedoestheword“archaeology”comfrom?

　　A.French.B.GreekC.Roman.D.German。

　　7.Theword“these”inthefirstparagraphrefersto_____。

　　A.lettersB.photographsC.paintingsD.objects

　　8.Whichofthefollowinghelpedtopreserve“LindowMan”?

　　A.Iceandlowtemperature.B.Bacteriaandoxygen。

　　C.Soilandenergy.D.Acidandwater。

　　9.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

　　A.“LindowMan”wasnamedafterthepersonwhofirstfoundhim。

　　B.Historiansusuallyusepaperevidence,whilearchaeologistsusehardevidence。

　　C.“LindowMan”wasfoundbytwoarchaeologistsinthesouthofEngland。

　　D.“LindowMan”wasgoodatmanualwork。

　　10.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?

　　A.WhatIsArchaeology?

　　B.ArchaeologyandHistory

　　C.AnAmazingArchaeologicalDiscovery

　　D.TheDeathof“LindowMan”

Passage3

　　Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

　　Thecityhasalwaysbeenanengineofintellectuallife,fromthe18th-centurycafesofLondon,wherecitizensgatheredtodiscusschemistryandpolitics,totheLeftBankbarsofmodernParis,wherePicassotalkedaboutmodernart.Withoutthemetropolis,wemightnothavehadthegreatartofShakespeare。

　　Andyet,citylifeisn’teasy.Nowscientistshavebeguntoexaminehowthecityaffectsthebrain,andtheresultsaredepressing.Justbeinginanurbanenvironment,theyhavefound,impairs（损害）ourbasicmentalprocesses.（79）Afterspendingafewminutesonacrowdedcitystreet,thebrainislessabletoholdthingsinmemory,andsuffersfromreducedself-control.Whileit’slongbeenrecognizedthatcitylifeisexhausting,thisnewresearchsuggeststhatcitiedactuallydullourthinking,sometimesdramaticallyso。

　　Oneofthemainforcesatworkisacompletelackofnature,whichissurprisinglybeneficialforthebrain.Studieshavedemonstrated,forinstance,thathospitalpatientsrecovermorequicklywhentheycanseetreesfromtheirwindows,andthatwomenlivinginpublichousingarebetterabletofocuswhentheirapartmentsoverlookalawn.Eventheseglimpsesofnatureimprovebrainperformance,itseems,becausetheyprovideamentalbreakfromtheurbanlife。

　　Thisresearcharrivesjustashumanscrossanimportantmilestone（里程碑）.Forthefirsttimeinhistory,themajorityofpeopleliveincities.Insteadofinhabitingwide-openspaces,we’recrowdedintoconcretejungles,surroundedbytrafficandmillionsofstrangers.Inrecentyears,it’sbecomeclearthatsuchunnaturalsurroundingshaveimportantimplicationsforourmentalandphysicalhealth,andcanpowerfullyalterhowwethink。

　　Thisresearchisalsoleadingsomescientiststodabble（涉足）inurbandesign,astheylookforwaystomakethecitylessdamagingtothebrain.（80）Thegoodnewsisthatevenslightalterations,suchasplantingmoretreesintheinnercityorcreatingurbanparkswithagreatervarietyofplants,cansignificantlyreducethenegativesideeffectsofcitylife.Themindneedsnature,andevenalittlebitcanbeabighelp。

　　11.Whichofthefollowingisthemainideaofthispassage?

　　A.Thecityinspirestalentedpeople。

　　B.Thecityhurtsyourbrain。

　　C.Thecityhasmanypleasuresandbenefits。

　　D.Thecityseriouslyaffectsthenaturalbalance。

　　12.Theword“metropolis”inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto_____。

　　A.citizenB.natureC.cityD.stress

　　13.Peoplehavejustcometorealizethat_____。

　　A.humanattentio