新理念50英语学习大厅综合教程第三册Unit8.docx
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新理念50英语学习大厅综合教程第三册Unit8
综合教程部分
第八单元：
卷A
全新版第二版综合B3U8-A
PartIListeningComprehension（16minutes）
SectionA
Directions:
Inthissection,youwillheartenstatements.Numbers1to6arebasedonTextAwhiletherestarebasedonTextB.EachstatementwillbereadONLYONCE.Listencarefullyanddecidewhethereachstatementistrueorfalse.
1.
A）T
B）F
Script:
Itwasabsolutelyhorrifyingfortheauthorwhenhismotherlosthereyesightandmostofherabilitytowalk.
正确答案：
A
2.
A）T
B）F
Script:
In2004and2005itwasknownthatHwangWoo-Suksucceededincreatinghumanembryonicstemcellsbycloning.
正确答案：
B
3.
A）T
B）F
Script:
Humanreproductivecloningisjustsimplywrongethicallyfromamedicalstandpointandascientificstandpoint.
正确答案：
A
4.
A）T
B）F
Script:
Themajorityofreproductiveclonesinotherspeciesareactuallynormal,withoutmiscarriagerates,stillbirthrates,fetalanomalies,deathsoonafterbirth,etcetera.
正确答案：
B
5.
A）T
B）F
Script:
Therapeuticcloningdoesinvolverisktohumanlife,providingtremendouspotentialforthereliefofsufferinginrealhumanbeings.
正确答案：
B
6.
A）T
B）F
Script:
There’sreallynoeffectivewayforanindividualscientisttostopsomeoneelsefromusingtheknowledgeforsomethingtheyshouldn’t.
正确答案：
A
7.
A）T
B）F
Script:
Dollywascreatedinthelaboratoryfromasinglecellof“parent”.
正确答案：
A
8.
A）T
B）F
Script:
Californiaenactedabanonhumancloning,andthePresident'sNationalBioethicsAdvisoryCommissionrecommendedmakingthebannationwide.
正确答案：
A
9.
A）T
B）F
Script:
TheauthorsubscribestotheviewthattheConstitutionnecessarilyguaranteeseveryindividualtherighttoreproducethroughanypossiblemeans.
正确答案：
B
10.
A）T
B）F
Script:
Tobancloningmay,intheend,lendsupporttostrikinglysimilarobjectionstosurrogatemotherhood.
正确答案：
A
SectionB
Directions:
Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.
ToHumanGenomeProjectresearchers,cloningreferstocopyinggenesandotherpiecesofchromosomestogenerateenough（11）_________________materialforfurtherstudy.Twoothertypesofcloningproducecomplete,（12）_________________identicalanimals.Blastomereseparation（sometimescalled"（13）_________________"afterthenaturallyoccurringprocessthatcreatesidenticaltwins）involvessplittingadevelopingembryosoonafter（14）_________________oftheeggbyasperm（sexualreproduction）togiverisetotwoormoreembryos.Theresulting（15）_________________areidenticaltwins（clones）containingDNAfromboththemotherandthefather.Dolly,ontheotherhand,istheresultofanothertypeofcloningthatproducesananimalcarryingtheDNAofonlyoneparent.Usingsomaticcell（16）_________________transfer,scientiststransferredgeneticmaterialfromthenucleusofan（17）_________________sheep’suddercelltoaneggwhosenucleus,andthusitsgeneticmaterial,hadbeenremoved.Onegoalofthisistodevelopefficientwaystoalteranimalsgeneticallyand（18）_________________.Alterationshaveincludedaddinggenes（suchasthoseforhumanproteins）tocreatedrug-producinganimalsaswellasinactivatinggenestostudytheeffectsandpossiblycreateanimalmodelsofhumandiseases.Cloningtechnologyalsomaybeusedtoraiseanimalshavinggeneticallyalteredorganssuitablefortransplantingtohumans.
ThetechniqueusedtoproduceDollyandotherclonedanimalsisanextensionof40yearsofresearchusingDNAfromnonhumanembryonicandfetalcells.Beforethis,scientistsbelievedthatonceacellbecamespecializedthechangewaspermanentand（19）_________________inthecellbecameinactive.Dolly’screatorsdemonstratedthatnucleiofanadultanimal’sspecializedcellscanbemadetoreverttoanon-specialized,embryonicstate,thus（20）_________________togiverisetoanykindofcell.
Script:
ToHumanGenomeProjectresearchers,cloningreferstocopyinggenesandotherpiecesofchromosomestogenerateenoughidenticalmaterialforfurtherstudy.Twoothertypesofcloningproducecomplete,geneticallyidenticalanimals.Blastomereseparation（sometimescalled“twinning”afterthenaturallyoccurringprocessthatcreatesidenticaltwins）involvessplittingadevelopingembryosoonafterfertilizationoftheeggbyasperm（sexualreproduction）togiverisetotwoormoreembryos.Theresultingorganismsareidenticaltwins（clones）containingDNAfromboththemotherandthefather.Dolly,ontheotherhand,istheresultofanothertypeofcloningthatproducesananimalcarryingtheDNAofonlyoneparent.Usingsomaticcellnucleartransfer,scientiststransferredgeneticmaterialfromthenucleusofanadultsheep’suddercelltoaneggwhosenucleus,andthusitsgeneticmaterial,hadbeenremoved.Onegoalofthisistodevelopefficientwaystoalteranimalsgeneticallyandreproducethemreliably.Alterationshaveincludedaddinggenes（suchasthoseforhumanproteins）tocreatedrug-producinganimalsaswellasinactivatinggenestostudytheeffectsandpossiblycreateanimalmodelsofhumandiseases.Cloningtechnologyalsomaybeusedtoraiseanimalshavinggeneticallyalteredorganssuitablefortransplantingtohumans.
ThetechniqueusedtoproduceDollyandotherclonedanimalsisanextensionof40yearsofresearchusingDNAfromnonhumanembryonicandfetalcells.Beforethis,scientistsbelievedthatonceacellbecamespecializedthechangewaspermanentandotherunneededgenesinthecellbecameinactive.Dolly’screatorsdemonstratedthatnucleiofanadultanimal’sspecializedcellscanbemadetoreverttoanon-specialized,embryonicstate,thusrestoringtheabilitytogiverisetoanykindofcell.
正确答案：
identical
正确答案：
genetically
正确答案：
twinning
正确答案：
fertilization
正确答案：
organisms
正确答案：
nuclear
正确答案：
adult
正确答案：
reproducethemreliably
正确答案：
otherunneededgenes
正确答案：
restoringtheability
PartIIReadingComprehension（25minutes）
SectionA
Directions:
Inthissection,thereisapassagewithseveralblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.
IalwaysthoughtthatwhenourresearchwassuccessfulthatIwouldjustbepleasedthatwehad21thiswhenothershadnot.Inreality,itis22—whenyoulookthroughthemicroscope,youseewhatyoumayhavelookedlikealongtimeago,atleastinpart.
WhenIlookeddownandsawthatcloned23,itbroughttearstomyeyes.Ihaddonethisformymother,andIrealized,24sheonlybeenabletoliveafewyearslonger,maybewecouldhaveusedthistechnologytohelpher.Itwas25toseethatpotential,whichsheneverhadachancetoexperience.
There’sabig26outtherethatwedecidedtodestroytheseembryosforsomereason.Therewassomuch27aboutthisprocessbecauseofthescientific28fromthepastthatitwascriticalthattherebenodoubtthattheywereclones.
Intheprocessofanalysis,theembryosweredestroyedby29.Inotherwords,togetthe30materialfrominsidethecellstoanalyzeit,youhavetodestroythecell.
A）ifB）geneticallyC）fraudD）transparent
E）emotionF）transcendentG）blastocystH）skepticism
I）emotionalJ）skepticalK）misconceptionL）genetic
M）hadN）necessityO）accomplished
21.______________________
正确答案：
O
22.______________________
正确答案：
F
23.______________________
正确答案：
G
24.______________________
正确答案：
M
25.______________________
正确答案：
I
26.______________________
正确答案：
K
27.______________________
正确答案：
H
28.______________________
正确答案：
C
29.______________________
正确答案：
N
30.______________________
正确答案：
L
SectionB
Directions:
Thereareseveralpassagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.
PassageOne
Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Withonlyabout1,000pandasleftintheworld,Chinaisdesperatelytryingtoclonetheanimalandsavetheendangeredspecies.That’samovesimilartowhataTexasA&MUniversityresearcherhasbeenundertakingforthepastfiveyearsinaprojectcalled“Noah’sArk.”
Dr.DuaneKraemer,aprofessorinTexasA&M’sCollegeofVeterinaryMedicineandapioneerinembryotransferworkandrelatedprocedures,sayshesalutestheChineseeffortand“Iwishthemallthebestsuccesspossible.It’saworthwhileproject,certainlynotaneasyone,andit’sverymuchlikewhatwe'reattemptinghereatTexasA&M—tosaveanimalsfromextinction.”
Noah’sArkisaimedatcollectingeggs,embryos,semenandDNAofendangeredanimalsandstoringtheminliquidnitrogen.Ifcertainspeciesshouldbecomeextinct,Kraemersaystherewouldbeenoughofthebasicbuildingblockstoreintroducethespeciesinthefuture.
Itisestimatedthatasmanyas2,000speciesofmammals,birdsandreptileswillbecomeextinctoverthenext100years.Thepanda,nativeonlytoChina,isindangerofbecomingextinctinthenext25years.
Thisweek,Chinesescientistssaidtheygrewanembr
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