新理念50英语学习大厅综合教程第三册Unit8.docx

1、新理念50英语学习大厅综合教程第三册Unit8综合教程部分第八单元：卷A 全新版第二版综合B3U8-A Part I Listening Comprehension ( 16 minutes ) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear ten statements. Numbers 1 to 6 are based on Text A while the rest are based on Text B. Each statement will be read ONLY ONCE. Listen carefully and de

2、cide whether each statement is true or false. 1. A) T B) F Script: It was absolutely horrifying for the author when his mother lost her eyesight and most of her ability to walk. 正确答案： A 2. A) T B) F Script: In 2004 and 2005 it was known that Hwang Woo-Suk succeeded in creating human embryonic stem c

3、ells by cloning. 正确答案： B 3. A) T B) F Script: Human reproductive cloning is just simply wrong ethically from a medical standpoint and a scientific standpoint. 正确答案： A 4. A) T B) F Script: The majority of reproductive clones in other species are actually normal, without miscarriage rates, stillbirth

4、rates, fetal anomalies, death soon after birth, et cetera. 正确答案： B 5. A) T B) F Script: Therapeutic cloning does involve risk to human life, providing tremendous potential for the relief of suffering in real human beings. 正确答案： B 6. A) T B) F Script: Theres really no effective way for an individual

5、scientist to stop someone else from using the knowledge for something they shouldnt. 正确答案： A 7. A) T B) F Script: Dolly was created in the laboratory from a single cell of “parent”. 正确答案： A 8. A) T B) F Script: California enacted a ban on human cloning, and the Presidents National Bioethics Advisory

6、 Commission recommended making the ban nationwide. 正确答案： A 9. A) T B) F Script: The author subscribes to the view that the Constitution necessarily guarantees every individual the right to reproduce through any possible means. 正确答案： B 10. A) T B) F Script: To ban cloning may, in the end, lend suppor

7、t to strikingly similar objections to surrogate motherhood. 正确答案： A Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are require

8、d to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. To Human Genome Project researchers, cloning refers to copying genes and other pieces of chromosomes to generate enough (11)_ material for f

9、urther study. Two other types of cloning produce complete, (12)_ identical animals. Blastomere separation (sometimes called (13)_ after the naturally occurring process that creates identical twins) involves splitting a developing embryo soon after (14)_ of the egg by a sperm (sexual reproduction) to

10、 give rise to two or more embryos. The resulting (15)_ are identical twins (clones) containing DNA from both the mother and the father. Dolly, on the other hand, is the result of another type of cloning that produces an animal carrying the DNA of only one parent. Using somatic cell (16)_ transfer, s

11、cientists transferred genetic material from the nucleus of an (17)_ sheeps udder cell to an egg whose nucleus, and thus its genetic material, had been removed. One goal of this is to develop efficient ways to alter animals genetically and (18)_ . Alterations have included adding genes (such as those

12、 for human proteins) to create drug-producing animals as well as inactivating genes to study the effects and possibly create animal models of human diseases. Cloning technology also may be used to raise animals having genetically altered organs suitable for transplanting to humans. The technique use

13、d to produce Dolly and other cloned animals is an extension of 40 years of research using DNA from nonhuman embryonic and fetal cells. Before this, scientists believed that once a cell became specialized the change was permanent and (19)_ in the cell became inactive. Dollys creators demonstrated tha

14、t nuclei of an adult animals specialized cells can be made to revert to a non-specialized, embryonic state, thus (20)_ to give rise to any kind of cell. Script: To Human Genome Project researchers, cloning refers to copying genes and other pieces of chromosomes to generate enough identical material

15、for further study. Two other types of cloning produce complete, genetically identical animals. Blastomere separation (sometimes called “twinning” after the naturally occurring process that creates identical twins) involves splitting a developing embryo soon after fertilization of the egg by a sperm

16、(sexual reproduction) to give rise to two or more embryos. The resulting organisms are identical twins (clones) containing DNA from both the mother and the father. Dolly, on the other hand, is the result of another type of cloning that produces an animal carrying the DNA of only one parent. Using so

17、matic cell nuclear transfer, scientists transferred genetic material from the nucleus of an adult sheeps udder cell to an egg whose nucleus, and thus its genetic material, had been removed. One goal of this is to develop efficient ways to alter animals genetically and reproduce them reliably. Altera

18、tions have included adding genes (such as those for human proteins) to create drug-producing animals as well as inactivating genes to study the effects and possibly create animal models of human diseases. Cloning technology also may be used to raise animals having genetically altered organs suitable

19、 for transplanting to humans. The technique used to produce Dolly and other cloned animals is an extension of 40 years of research using DNA from nonhuman embryonic and fetal cells. Before this, scientists believed that once a cell became specialized the change was permanent and other unneeded genes

20、 in the cell became inactive. Dollys creators demonstrated that nuclei of an adult animals specialized cells can be made to revert to a non-specialized, embryonic state, thus restoring the ability to give rise to any kind of cell. 正确答案： identical 正确答案： genetically 正确答案： twinning 正确答案： fertilization

21、正确答案： organisms 正确答案： nuclear 正确答案： adult 正确答案： reproduce them reliably 正确答案： other unneeded genes 正确答案： restoring the ability Part II Reading Comprehension ( 25 minutes ) Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with several blanks. You are required to select one word for each blan

22、k from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. I always thought that when our research was successful t

23、hat I would just be pleased that we had 21 this when others had not. In reality, it is 22 when you look through the microscope, you see what you may have looked like a long time ago, at least in part. When I looked down and saw that cloned 23 , it brought tears to my eyes. I had done this for my mot

24、her, and I realized, 24 she only been able to live a few years longer, maybe we could have used this technology to help her. It was 25 to see that potential, which she never had a chance to experience. Theres a big 26 out there that we decided to destroy these embryos for some reason. There was so m

25、uch 27 about this process because of the scientific 28 from the past that it was critical that there be no doubt that they were clones. In the process of analysis, the embryos were destroyed by 29 . In other words, to get the 30 material from inside the cells to analyze it, you have to destroy the c

26、ell. A) if B) genetically C) fraud D) transparent E) emotion F) transcendent G) blastocyst H) skepticism I) emotional J) skeptical K) misconception L) genetic M) had N) necessity O) accomplished 21. _ 正确答案： O 22. _ 正确答案： F 23. _ 正确答案： G 24. _ 正确答案： M 25. _ 正确答案： I 26. _ 正确答案： K 27. _ 正确答案： H 28. _ 正

27、确答案： C 29. _ 正确答案： N 30. _ 正确答案： L Section B Directions: There are several passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice. Passage One Questions 31 t

28、o 35 are based on the following passage. With only about 1,000 pandas left in the world, China is desperately trying to clone the animal and save the endangered species. Thats a move similar to what a Texas A&M University researcher has been undertaking for the past five years in a project called “N

29、oahs Ark.” Dr. Duane Kraemer, a professor in Texas A&Ms College of Veterinary Medicine and a pioneer in embryo transfer work and related procedures, says he salutes the Chinese effort and “I wish them all the best success possible. Its a worthwhile project, certainly not an easy one, and its very mu

30、ch like what were attempting here at Texas A&M to save animals from extinction.” Noahs Ark is aimed at collecting eggs, embryos, semen and DNA of endangered animals and storing them in liquid nitrogen. If certain species should become extinct, Kraemer says there would be enough of the basic building

31、 blocks to reintroduce the species in the future. It is estimated that as many as 2,000 species of mammals, birds and reptiles will become extinct over the next 100 years. The panda, native only to China, is in danger of becoming extinct in the next 25 years. This week, Chinese scientists said they grew an embr