届高考英语一轮复习分块专项练习14阅读理解词义猜测二.docx
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届高考英语一轮复习分块专项练习14阅读理解词义猜测二
阅读理解：
词义猜测
（二）
A
（2018·太原一模）RecentlyIandotherRedCrossvolunteersmetagroupofvictimsfromHurricaneKatrina.Wewerethere,asmentalhealthprofessionals,tooffer“psychologicalfirstaid”andIwasstruckbythesimplehealingpowerofpresence.Aswewalkedinthegatetotheshelter,weweregreetedwithaburstofgratitude（感激）fromthefirstpersonwemet.Ifeltappreciated,butalsoguilty,becauseIhadn'treallydoneanythingyet.
Ifirstrealizedthepowerofpresencemanyyearsagowhenafriend'smotherpassedawayunexpectedly.Ireceivedacallsayingshehadjustpassedaway.Iwantedtorushdownthereimmediately,butdidn'twanttointrude（打扰）onthisverypersonalperiodofsadness.Iwastornaboutwhattodo.Anotherfriendwithmethensaid,“Justgo.Justbethere.”Idid,andIwillneverregretit.
Sincethen,Ihavenothesitatedtobeinthepresenceofothers.OnceIsatatthebedsideofayoungmansufferingfromthepainofhisAIDSrelateddying.Hewasnotawake,andobviouslyunawareofothers'presence.However,theatmospherewasbynomeanssolemn.Hisfamily,playingguitarsandsinging,allowedhimtobepresentwiththemasthoughhewerestillfullyalive.
Inmylife,Iamrepeatedlystruckbythehealingpowerofpresence.Init,noneofusaretrulyalone.Itnotonlyissomethingwegivetoothersbutalsochangesmeforthebetter.
语篇解读：
本文主要讲述了“我”通过一些活动意识到“到场”的重要意义。
1．Whywerethehurricanevictimsgratefultotheauthor?
A．Hebuiltsheltersforthem.
B．Hegaveimmediatefirstaidtothem.
C．Hecametostaywiththem.
D．Hebroughtmentalhealthprofessionals.
解析：
选C 细节理解题。
根据第一段的第二句可知，因为“我”在他们受灾时和他们在一起，所以他们感激“我”，故C项正确。
2．Whatdidtheauthordowhenhisfriend'smotherpassedaway?
A．Hehesitatedoverwhethertogo.
B．Hewenttohisfriend'satonce.
C．Heknewwhattodoinstantly.
D．Hedecidednottodisturbhisfriend.
解析：
选A 细节理解题。
根据第二段中的“Iwantedtorushdownthereimmediately...Iwastornaboutwhattodo.”可知，“我”想要立即去朋友那里，但又不愿意去打扰朋友，据此可知，当朋友的母亲去世时，“我”犹豫是否要去朋友那里。
3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“solemn”inParagraph3probablymean?
A．Heavybutwarm.
B．Alittlesadbutcosy.
C．Relaxinganddelightful.
D．Veryseriousandunhappy.
解析：
选D 词义猜测题。
根据第三段最后一句中的“Hisfamily,playingguitarsandsinging”可知，男青年的家人在弹奏吉他并唱歌；结合画线词所在句中的“However...nomeans”和第三段第二句中的“ayoungmansufferingfromthepainofhisAIDSrelateddying”可以判断，在家人的陪伴下，气氛并不悲伤和严肃，据此可以判断，画线词意为“严肃的”，故D项正确。
4．Whathastheauthorlearnedfromhisexperience?
A．Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.
B．Beingpresentcanmakeabigdifference.
C．Thefamilyharmonyisthehappiestthinginlife.
D．Beingavolunteercanmakeone'slifemoresignificant.
解析：
选B 推理判断题。
根据最后一段的前两句“Inmylife,Iamrepeatedly...aretrulyalone.”并结合第二段的第一句可知，从自己的经历中“我”意识到了“到场”的重要意义，故B项正确。
B
HaveyouseenJurassicPark?
Inthisfilm,scientistsuseDNAkeptfortensofmillionsofyearstoclonedinosaurs.Theyfindtrouble,however,whentheyrealizethattheclonedcreaturesaresmarterandmoredangerousthanexpected.That'snothingmorethanafiction.
Butcouldwereallycloneendangeredanimals?
Todate,themostsuccessfulattempttodosowasthecloningofagaur,arareoxlikeanimalfromsoutheastAsia.Scientistsusedacowtobringtheclonedbabygaur,namedNoah.Twodaysafterbirth,however,Noahdiedfromacommonbacterialinfection.OtherendangeredspeciesthatmaybeclonedincludetheAfricanbongoantelope（羚羊）,theSumatrantiger,thecheetah（猎豹）,andthegiantpanda.
Next,couldwereallycloneextinctanimals?
Intheory?
Yes.Todothis,youneedawellkeptsourceofDNAfromtheextinctanimalssuchaswoolmammoth（毛象）,Tasmaniantiger,orevendinosaur,andacloselyrelatedspecies,stillliving,whichcouldserveasa_surrogate_mother.
Inreality?
Probablynot.Ontheonehand,it'snotlikelythatextinctanimals'DNAcouldsurviveundamagedforsuchalongtime.Cloningsuchextinctanimalsaswoolmammoth,Tasmaniantiger,ordinosaurismuchmoredifficultduetothelackofproperlywellpreservedDNA.Ontheotherhand,forexample,agaurcanhaveacowasasurrogatemother,definitelynotamonkey.Butwhataboutanextinctanimalasuniqueasthepanda?
Whatspeciescouldpossiblyserveasasurrogatemother?
Cloningpresentsmanyexcitingpossibilities.However,evenifextinctanimalswerebroughtback,theycouldnotsurviveintoday'sworld.Notonlydomostextinctanimalshavenohabitattolivein,buttheotherplantsandanimalstheydependedonforfoodmayalsobegoneaswell.
语篇解读：
本文说明了在克隆灭绝动物的过程中遇到的重重困难与障碍。
即使克隆成功了，其赖以生存的栖息地和食物链也已经被破坏，被克隆出来的动物也无法继续生存下去。
1．Itcanbelearnedfromthetextthat________.
A．thegaurisanextinctspecies
B．thegaurlivesinAsiaandisendangered
C．scientistshaveclonedtheAfricanbongoantelope
D．boththecheetahandthegiantpandaliveinAsia
解析：
选B 细节理解题。
根据第二、三段可知，印度野牛生活在亚洲的东南部，濒临灭绝。
2．Theunderlinedwords“asurrogatemother”inParagraph5probablyrefertoafemalewho________.
A．givesbirthtoababyofitsown
B．cannotgivebirthtoababy
C．givesbirthtoababyforanotherfemale
D．providesDNA
解析：
选C 词义猜测题。
根据第五段的描述可知，此处表示的是，把一种动物的DNA提取出来之后，在另外一种动物的体内进行胚胎繁殖，而这种动物就被称为asurrogatemother，由此判断，画线部分意思为“代孕妈妈”，故C项正确。
3．Thedifficultyincloninganextinctspeciesisthelackof________.
A．boththewellpreservedDNAandasurrogatemother
B．boththehabitattoliveinandthewellpreservedDNA
C．boththewellpreservedDNAandplantstoliveon
D．boththehabitattoliveinandplantstoliveon
解析：
选A 细节理解题。
根据文章倒数第二段中的“Ontheonehand...Ontheotherhand...”两个方面的表述可知，克隆的困难在于一是要寻找灭绝动物的保存完好的DNA，二是要寻找到合适的代孕的物种，故A项正确。
4．Intheauthor'sopinion,itispossiblethat________.
A．alltheextinctspeciesmaybecloned
B．extinctspeciesmaybeclonedandeasilysurvive
C．agaurcanhaveamonkeyasasurrogatemother
D．someextinctspeciesmaybecloned,butnotsurvive
解析：
选D 推理判断题。
本文作者客观叙述了在克隆灭绝动物过程中所存在的种种困难与障碍。
根据最后一段的表述可知，也许克隆存在众多的可能性，但是即使克隆成功了，也许会由于其赖以生存的栖息地和食物链已经灭绝而无法继续存活下去。
由此判断D项正确。
C
Whatwillhumanslooklikein1,000years?
Videosuggestswecoulddevelopredeyes,havedarkerskinandbebetterlooking.Climatechange,artificialintelligenceandgeneticmutations（基因突变）areallsettotransformourbodies.
Inthefuturetinyrobotswillbesuddenlyputintoourownbodies,improvingourabilities.Meanwhile,designerbabieswillcausefuturegenerationstogrowintoincreasinglyintelligentandattractivepeople.Butwhilethatwillmakeussmarter,strongerandbetterlooking,suchgeneticsimilarity,orlackofhumandiversity,leavesroomforasinglenewdiseaseofthefuturetowipeouttheentirehumanrace.Asglobalwarmingtakeshold,humanswillalsobeskinnierandtaller,asthisbodyshapeisbetterabletodissipateheat.
Ourfacesmayalsochangegreatly,accordingtoDrAlanKwan,whoholdsaPhDincomputationalgenomicsfromWashingtonUniversityinStLouis.DrKwanhascreatedashockingseriesofimageswhichshowonepossibleevolutionforthehumanraceoverthenext100,000years.
Asgeneticengineeringbecomesnormal,“thefateofthehumanfacewillbeincreasinglydeterminedbyhumantastes，”writesDrKwan,whileforeheadswillcontinuetoexpandasourbrainscontinuetogrowlarger.Asmanachievestotalcontrolovergenetics,thehumanfacewillbecomeheavilybiased（有偏见的）towardsfeaturesthathumansfindfundamentallyappealing:
stronglines,straightnoseanddeepeyes.
DrKwanbelieveseyeswillgrowverylargeasthehumanracecolonizes（开拓殖民地）thesolarsystemandpeoplestartlivinginthedimmerenvironmentsofcoloniesfurtherawayfromthesun.
篇章导读：
本文是一篇说明文。
全文主要畅想了1，000年后人类外形上将发生的巨大变化。
1．Whatwillhappenin1,000yearsaccordingtothetext?
A．Humanswillbecomelessbeautiful.
B．Humanswillstayawayfromalldiseases.
C．Robotswillreplacehumansinmanyareas.
D．Humanswillhavehigherabilitiesthannow.
答案：
D 细节理解题。
根据第二段第一句可知，随着将来微型机器人被植入人体，人类的本领会更强。
2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dissipate”inthesecondparagraphmean?
A．Keepsomethingin.
B．Drivesomethingout.
C．Makesomethingappear.
D．Separatesomethingfromothers.
答案：
B 词义猜测题。
根据画线词所在句可知，将来人类会更加瘦长，而这种体形上的变化是为了应对全球变暖。
由此可推知，瘦长的体形更有助于人类在日趋变暖的环境中散热。
故选B项。
3．AccordingtoDrAlanKwan,in100,000years________.
A．humanswillhavetheabilitytocontrolthesolarsystem
B．humans'foreheadswillbecomeaslargeastheirbrains
C．humanswillgainricherknowledgeaboutgenetics
D．humans'faceswillbeskinnierandlonger
答案：
C 推理判断题。
根据第四段对基因工程的介绍，尤其是“Asmanachievestotalcontrolovergenetics”可推知，100,000年后，人类在基因方面的知识会更加丰富。
其他几项均与原文信息不符。
4．Whywillthefuturehumanshavebiggereyes?
A．Toadapttothelackofsunlight.
B．Toadapttothechangeofclimate.
C．Toadjusttotheirlargerforeheads.
D．Tomakethemselvesmorebeautiful.
答案：
A 推理判断题。
根据最后一段，尤其是“inthedimmerenvironments”可推知，由于远离太阳，未来人类生存环境中的光线会更暗，所以人们的眼睛会变大，以适应这一变化。
D
Thevolcanoisoneofthemostsurprisingfrighteningforcesofnature.Maybeyouhaveseenpicturesofthese“fireworks”ofnature.Sometimeswhenavolcanoerupts,_averylargewallofmeltedrockmovesdownthesideofamountain.Itlookslikesa“riveroffire”.Sometimesvolcanoesexplode,throwingthemeltedrockandasheshighintotheair.Butwheredoesthismeltedrockcomefrom?
Theearthismadeupofmanylayers.Thetoplayer（层）thatweseeiscalledthecrust.Underthecrustaremanylayersofhardrock.Butfar,farbeneaththecrustwhoserockissohotthatitissoft.Insomeplacesitevenmelts.Themeltedrockiscalledmagma.Sometimesthemagmabreaksouttothesurfacethroughinthecrack.Thesecracksarevolcanoes.
Mostpeoplethinkofmountainswhentheythinkofvolcanoes.Butnoteverymountainisavolcano.Avolcanoissimplytheopeningintheearthfromwhichthem
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