牛津英语整理模块七课文及翻译.docx

牛津英语整理模块七课文及翻译.docx

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牛津英语整理模块七课文及翻译

Unit1

TVandaudiodevices:

areview

EarlyhistoryofTV

ThefirstpublicshowingsofwirelessTVtransmissionsweremadein1925intheUSAandin1926inBritain.Later,in1928,thefirstlong-distanceTVbroadcastwasmadebetweentheUKandtheUSA.Regularpublicbroadcastingfollowedshortlyafter,firstbeginningon11May1928inNewYorkandinLondonon20August1929.ManydifferentpeoplecontributedtothedevelopmentofTV.Becauseofthis,itisstilluncertainwhoinventedTV.Altogether,threemencouldberesponsible.

VladimirZworykin,aRussianlivingintheUSA,PhiloFarnsworth,afarmboyfromUtahintheUSA,andJohnLogieBairdfromScotlandallinventedearlyformsofTVbetween1923and1927.

Afewyearslater,colorTVwasfirstshownin1929.Ittookmorethantwodecades,though,until1951,forcolourbroadcaststobeginintheUSA.By1967,mostbroadcastswereincolorandwithinfiveyears,morecolourthanblack-and-whiteTVsetswerebeingused.

Themodernage:

cableTV,satelliteTV,digitalTV,...

CableTVbeganin1948intheUSA,butittook50yearsbefore66percentofAmericanhouseholdshadit.SatelliteswereusedtobroadcastTVbeginningin1962.

SomeconsiderdigitalTVtobesuperiortosatelliteTVbecauseitallowsthesameservicestobedeliveredwithclearerpicturesthanbefore.InternationalstandardsfordigitalTVwereestablishedin1989andwithinfiveyears,consumersintheUSAhadaccessto200channels.By2004,digitalTVsignalswerebeingreceivedby55percentofhouseholdsinBritain.

In1996,acompletelynewconceptwasintroducedwhenthefirstWebTVset-topboxescameontothemarket.ThiscombinestheTVsetwiththeWorldWideWeb.WithinteractiveTVprogramming,youcanplayalongwithgameshows,respondtoquestionnairesandchattootherviewers.

Earlyhistoryofaudiodevices

Itallbeganin1877whenThomasEdisonmadethefirstrecordingofahumanvoice.Tenyearslater,thefirstrecordplayerwasdeveloped.ItwasinventedbyEmileBerliner,aGermanlivingintheUSA.Atthattime,therecordplayerhadtobewoundupbyhandandonlyplayedarecordfortwominutes.In1958,thefirstLPs（long-playrecords）cameontothemarket.

Taperecordersandplayers

1931wastheyearwhenaGermancompanybegantomakethefirsttaperecorders,whichcouldrecordandplaysoundsonatapewoundaroundaroundobject.In1948,threeAmericanscientistsinventedthetransistor,whichisasmallelectronicdevicetocontrolanelectriccurrent,buttheyonlydevelopeditformilitaryuse.TwoyoungJapaneseengineershadabetteridea.Theyboughtthepatentandappliedthetechnologytocreatethetransistorradio.In1954,theinventionofthetransistorledtothedevelopmentofcassetterecorders.Then,in1979,theWalkman,aportablepocket-sizedcassettetapeplayer,wasintroducedandbecamesopopularthatWalkmanwasaddedtotheOxfordEnglishDictionaryin1986.

Soundgoesdigital

In1982,thefirstCDs（compactdiscs）producedbyusingdigitaltechnologyweremadeavailable.In1986,whentheD-50,aportableCDplayer,waslaunched,theDiscmanwasborn.Inthefollowingyears,moreCDrecordingsbecameavailable,andin1988,forthefirsttimeever,peopleweredemandingmoreCDsthanLPs.

ThenextnewdevelopmentwastheMD（MiniDisc）playerin1992.ThisislikeaminiCDplayerbutcanalsorecordmusicandisveryeasytocarry,beingverysmall,asthename‘mini’indicates.

DevelopmentofMP3technologystartedin1987inGermanyandsincethebeginningof1999,thepopularityofMP3hasincreasedtosuchadegreethatmajorcorporationsaretakingovertheportablemusicplayermarketwithMP3players.TheyarethenextsteponfromtheWalkman,DiscmanandMDplayer.BecauseofthepopularityofMP3players,musicwebsiteshavesprungupallovertheInternetofferingMP3musicforpeopletopurchase.

1.Whomightbetheinventor（s）ofthefirstTV?

A.VladimirZworykinfromRussia.B.PhiloFarnsworthfromtheUSA.

C.JohnLogieBairdfromScotland.D.Allthethreeabove.

2.Thepassagementions_______country/countrieswhichhas/haveputdigitalTVintooperationby2004.A.onlyoneB.twoC.threeD.atleastfour

3.WhomighthaveattributedtothedevelopmentoftheWalkman?

A.TwoJapaneseengineers.B.ThreeAmericanscientists.

C.ThomasEdison.D.EmileBerliner.

4.WhatisthemainfactorthatcausesthespringupofmusicwebsitesallovertheInternet?

A.ThepopularityofWalkman.B.ThedevelopmentoftheMDplayer.

C.ThedevelopmentofMP3technology.D.ThewideuseofDiscman.

5.Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructureofthepassage?

A.B.C.D.

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Unit2

TwoLife-savingmedicines

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