职称英语理工类B级阅读理解新增文章含练习解析及译文.docx

上传人:b****6 文档编号:5817430 上传时间:2023-01-01 格式:DOCX 页数:8 大小:22.44KB
下载 相关 举报
职称英语理工类B级阅读理解新增文章含练习解析及译文.docx_第1页
第1页 / 共8页
职称英语理工类B级阅读理解新增文章含练习解析及译文.docx_第2页
第2页 / 共8页
职称英语理工类B级阅读理解新增文章含练习解析及译文.docx_第3页
第3页 / 共8页
职称英语理工类B级阅读理解新增文章含练习解析及译文.docx_第4页
第4页 / 共8页
职称英语理工类B级阅读理解新增文章含练习解析及译文.docx_第5页
第5页 / 共8页
点击查看更多>>
下载资源
资源描述

职称英语理工类B级阅读理解新增文章含练习解析及译文.docx

《职称英语理工类B级阅读理解新增文章含练习解析及译文.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《职称英语理工类B级阅读理解新增文章含练习解析及译文.docx(8页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。

职称英语理工类B级阅读理解新增文章含练习解析及译文.docx

职称英语理工类B级阅读理解新增文章含练习解析及译文

2012年职称英语理工类

新增文章(B类)

*第三+八篇"LifeFormFound"onSaturn'sTitan

*第四十篇TeachingMath,TeachingAnxiety

注:

1、+表示A级文章;*表示B即文章;其他为C级文章

2、阅读理解

3、2012年词汇部分与2011年教材相比未作任何变化

阅读理解

*第三+八篇"LifeFormFound"onSaturn'sTitan

Scientistssaytheyhavediscoveredhintsofalienlife1ontheSaturn'smoon2.ThediscoveryofasortoflifewasannouncedafterresearchersattheUSspaceagency,NASA3,analyzeddatafromspacecraftCassini4,whichpointedto,theexistenceofmethane-basedformoflifeonSaturn'sbiggestmoon.

Scientistshavereportedlydiscoveredcluesshowingprimitivealienbeingsare"breathing"in

Titan'sdenseatmospherefilledwithhydrogen.

TheyarguethathydrogengetsabsorbedbeforehittingTitan'splanet-likesurfacecoveredwithmethanelakesandrivers.This,theysay,pointstotheexistenceofsome"bugs"5consumingthehydrogenatthesurfaceofthemoonlessthanhalfthesizeoftheEarth.

"Wesuggestedhydrogenconsumptionbecauseit'stheobviousgasforlifetoconsumeonTitan,similartothewayweconsumeoxygenonEarth,"saysNASAscientistChrisMcKay."Ifthesesignsdoturnouttobeasignoflife,itwouldbedoublyexcitingbecauseitwouldrepresentasecondformoflifeindependentfromwater-basedlifeonEarth."

Todate,scientistshavenotyetdetectedthisformoflifeanywhere,thoughthereareliquid-

water-basedmicroorganismsonEarththatgrowwellonmethaneorproduceitasawasteproduct.OnTitan,wheretemperaturesarearound90Kelvin6(minus290degreesFarenheit),amethanebasedorganismwouldhavetouseasubstancethatisliquidasitsmediumforlivingprocesses,butnotwateritself.WaterisfrozensolidonTitan'ssurfaceandmuchtoocoldtosupportlifeasweknowit.

ScientistshadexpectedtheSun'sinteractionswithchemicalsintheatmospheretoproduceacoatingofacetyleneonTitan'ssurface.ButCassinidetectednoacetyleneonthesurface.

TheabsenceofdetectableacetyleneontheTitan'ssurfacecanverywellhaveanon-biologicalexplanation,saidMarkAllen,aprincipalinvestigator7oftheNASATitanteam.

"Scientificconservatismsuggeststhatabiologicalexplanationshouldbethelastchoiceafterallnon-biologicalexplanationsareaddressed,"Allensaid."Wehavealotofworktodotoruleout8possiblenon-biologicalexplanations.Itismorelikelythatachemicalprocess,withoutbiology,canexplaintheseresults."

词汇:

Saturn/'sætən/n.土星methane/'mi:

θein/n.甲烷,沼气

Titan/'taitən/n.土卫六acetylene/ə'setili:

n/n.乙炔

alien/'eiljən/n.外星人;adj.外星球的;相异的

conservatism/kən'sʒ:

vətizəm/n.保守主义,守旧

注释:

1.hintsofalienlife:

外星生命迹象。

2.theSaturn'smoon:

指土卫六(Titan)。

土卫六又称泰坦星,是土星卫星中最大的一颗。

3.NASA:

美国国家航空航天局的缩写,全称是:

NationalAeronauticsandSpace

Administration。

4.spacecraftCassini:

卡西尼号探测器,以出生于意大利的法国天文学家卡西尼的名字命名,其任务是环绕土星飞行,对土星及其大气、光环、卫星和磁场进行深人考察。

1997年10月15日,重六吨的“卡西尼”号星际探测器被发射飞往土星的轨道。

这是上世纪发射的最后一艘行星际探测的大飞船。

“卡西尼”号用了将近七年时间,在2004年7月1日飞达土星轨道。

5.bugs:

微生物。

非正式口语表达,所以使用了引号。

6.Kelvin:

可翻译成“绝对温度”。

KelvinScale,绝对温标,开氏温标,是由Kelvin勋爵于19世纪中叶发明的温度计量方法,其零度相当于摄氏一273.15"C,被认为是宇宙中最低温度。

这种温度计量方法多为科学家使用。

7.principalinvestigator:

研究项目负责人

8.ruleout:

排除……的可能性

练习:

1.WhathavescientistsfoundaboutSaturn?

ATheyhavefoundanewmoonorbitingSaturn.

BTheyhavefoundmethane-basedlifeonSaturn.

CTheyhavefoundmethane-basedlifeonTitan.

DTheyhavefoundearthlikelifeonaSaturn'smoon.

2.WhatdoscientistssayaboutTitan?

ATherearelifecluesthere.

BThereisacetylenethere.

CWateronTitanexistsintheformofice.

DRiversandlakestherecontainlifeformls.

3.Todate,scientistshavenotyetdetectedthisformoflife.(paragraph5)Whatdoes"thisform

oflife"referto?

AWater-basedlife.

BMethane-basedlife.

CLiquid-water-basedmicroorganisms.

DGas-basedlife.

4.WhatcanbeinferredfromwhatAllensaid?

AScientistshavedifferentargumentsoverwhetherthereislifeonTitan.

BScientistsallagreethatthereislifeonTitan.

CScientistsallsuggestthatabiologicalexplanationisreasonable.

DScientistsallagreethatanon-biologicalchemicalreactionisapossibleexplanation.

5.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacethetitleofthispassage?

AEarthlikeLivingBeingsFoundonTitan.

BFindingofOneMoreMoonofSaturn.

CTitan,aNewSatelliteFound.

DAdifferentLifeForm,aPossibility.

答案与题解:

1.C短文的第一段提供了答案。

该段告诉读者,科学家在土星的卫星土卫六(Titan)上发现了生命的迹象,这些生命的存在是以甲烷为基础的。

2.A根据第二段“Scientistshavereportedlydiscoveredcluesshowingprimitivealienbeingsare

'breathing'inTitan'sdenseatmospherefilledwithhydrogen.”,说明土卫六(Titan)有生命迹象。

因此A是答案。

3.Bthisformoflife指的是土卫六(Titan)上以甲烷为生命基础呼吸氢气的生物,即该文讨论的主题。

4.A科学家至今对土卫六是否存在生物有不同的观点和解释。

Allen说要做出土卫六上有生

物的结论,首先必须对Titan上没有生物的观点做出回应;要排除土卫六上可能没有生物的观点,我们还须付出努力。

所以只有A是正确选择。

5.D该短文的主题是,科学家在土卫六(Titan)上发现了一种与地球生物不同的生命形式的迹象,即以甲烷为生命基础呼吸氢气的生物,但科学家还未能最后验证这一发现。

第四段中的一个句子能够揭示该短文的主题:

“Ifthesesignsdoturnouttobeasignoflife,itwouldbedoublyexcitingbecauseitwouldrepresentasecondformoflifeindependentfromwater-basedlifeonEarth.”

*第四十篇TeachingMath,TeachingAnxiety

Inanewstudyaboutthewaykidslearnmathinelementaryschool,thepsychologistsatthe

UniversityofChicagol1SianBeilockandSusanLevinefoundasurprisingrelationshipbetweenwhatfemaleteachersthinkandwhatfemalestudentslearn:

Ifafemaleteacherisuncomfortablewithherownmathskills,thenherfemalestudentsaremorelikelytobelievethatboysarebetterthangirlsatmath.

"Ifthesegirlskeepgettingmath-anxiousfemaleteachers2inlatergrades,itmaycreateasnowballeffectontheirmathachievement3saidLevine.Inotherwords,girlsmayenduplearningmathanxietyfromtheirteachers4.Thestudysuggeststhatifthesegirlsgrowupbelievingthatboysarebetteratmaththangirlsare,thenthesegirlsmaynotdoaswellastheywouldhaveif

theyweremoreconfident.

Justasstudentsfindcertainsubjectstobedifficult,teacherscanfindcertainsubjectstobe

difficulttolearn--andteach.Thesubjectofmathcanbeparticularlydifficultforeveryone.

Researchersusetheword"anxiety"todescribesuchfeelings:

anxietyisuneasinessorworry.

Thenewstudyfoundthatwhenateacherhasanxietyaboutmath,thatfeelingcaninfluence

howherfemalestudentsfeelaboutmath.Thestudyinvolved65girls,52boysand17first-and

second-gradeteachersinelementaryschoolsintheMidwest.Thestudentstookmathachievementtestsatthebeginningandendoftheschoolyear,andtheresearcherscomparedthescores.

Theresearchersalsogavethestudentsteststotellwhetherthestudentsbelievedthatamathsuperstarhadtobeaboy.Thentheresearchersturnedtotheteachers:

Tofindoutwhichteacherswereanxiousaboutmath,theresearchersaskedtheteachershowtheyfeltattimeswhentheycameacrossmath,suchaswhenreadingasalesreceipt5.Ateacherwhogotnervouslookingatthenumbersonasalesreceipt,forexample,wasprobablyanxiousaboutmath.

Boys,onaverage,wereunaffectedbyateacher'sanxiety.Onaverage,girlswithmath-anxious

teachersscoredlowerontheend-of-the-yearmathteststhanothergirlsinthestudydid.Plus,onthetestshowingwhethersomeonethoughtamathsuperstarhadtobeaboy,20girlsshowedfeelingthatboyswouldbebetteratmath--andallofthesegirlshadbeentaughtbyfemaleteacherswhohadmathanxiety.

"Thisisaninterestingstudy,buttheresultsneedtobeinterpretedaspreliminaryandinneed

ofreplicationwithalargersample6,"saidDavidGeary,apsychologistattheUniversityofMissouri7inColumbia.

词汇:

snowball/'snəubɔ:

l/雪球;滚雪球式增长的事replication/repli'keiʃən/n.重复,复现

superstar/'sju:

pəsta:

/n.超级明星

练习:

1.UniversityofChicago:

芝加哥大学。

位于美国伊利诺伊州芝加哥市,是世界一流的私立大学,创建于1891年。

2.keepgettingmath-anxiousfemaleteachers:

一直由对数学有焦虑感的女教师教授数学。

此处getting是having的意思,math-anxious指的是上文中提到的对数学没有自信的心理状态。

另见第三段最后一句对anxiety的解释。

3.snowballeffectontheirmathachievement:

在数学成就上的雪球效应。

其含义是:

在数学上越来越没有信心。

4.enduplearningmathanxietyfromtheirteachers:

最后从老师那里获得的是对数学的焦虑。

Endupdoingsomething:

最终会做某事

5.salesreceipt:

销售清单

6.inneedofreplicationwithalargersample:

需要用更大的调查样本进行重复验证。

replication

在量化实证研究中的意思是“重复(实验)”。

7.theUniversityofMissouri:

密苏里大学。

位于密苏里州,是美国一所公立研究型大学,创建于1839年。

练习:

1.WhatistheresultoftheresearchattheUniversityofChicago,accordingtothefirstparagraph?

AGirlscomfortablewiththeirownmathskillsarebetterthanboysatmath.

BGirlsuncomfortablewiththeirownmathskillsarenotasgoodasboysatmath.

CFemaleteachers'mathskillshaveinfluenceovergirlstudents'mathskills.

DFemaleteachers'confidenceintheirmathskillsisrelatedtogirl'smathskills.

2.Whatisimpliedinthethirdparagraph?

AMathteachers,likemathlearners,donotlikethesubjectduetoitsdifficulty.

BAdifficultsubjectlikemathmayaffectteachers'confidenceinteachingthesubject.

CTeachersaremoreanxiousteachingmaththantheirstudentslearningmath.

DMathissodifficultthatnoteachersliketoteachit.

3.Accordingtotheexperiment,thoseteacherswereprobablyanxiousaboutmathwhentheyfelt

Anervousmemorizingthenumbersofasalesreceipt.

Bhelplesssavingthenumbersofasalesreceipt.

Cuneasyreadingthenumbersofasalesreceipt.

Dhopelessfillinginthenumbersofasalesreport.

4.Thesixthparagraphtellsusthattheresearchfindings

Aproveastronglinkbetweenfemaleteachers'mathanxietyandtheirfemalestudents'math

achievements.

Bshowthatmalestudentsarelesslikelytobeaffectedbytheirmathanxietythanfemale

students.

Cprovidestrongevidencethatmathsuperstarsaremorelikelytobemalesthanfemales.

Ddiscoverastronglinkbetweenteachers'mathanxietyandtheirstudents'mathachievements.

5.DavidGearythinksthat

Athes

展开阅读全文
相关资源
猜你喜欢
相关搜索

当前位置:首页 > 小学教育 > 小升初

copyright@ 2008-2022 冰豆网网站版权所有

经营许可证编号:鄂ICP备2022015515号-1