研究生英语综合教程答案苏大版.docx

研究生英语综合教程答案苏大版.docx

《研究生英语综合教程答案苏大版.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《研究生英语综合教程答案苏大版.docx（26页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

研究生英语综合教程答案苏大版

Unit1

TextBAnswertoquestions

1.Itmeansthespeechforthedefenceinwhichtheprosecution’scasewasansweredpointbypoint,rebuttalorvindication

2.Becauseanapologyinpoliticsmerelyleadstofreshaccusationsandfurtherdemandsforembarrassingdetails.

3.Self-destructive;itwashalfwaybetweenthetwomeanings:

halfdefiantvindication,halfadmissionofguilt.

4.

（1）Everyonehastoapologiseforhislife,soonerorlater.WhenweappearattheLastJudgmentandtheRecordingAngelreadsoutalistofoursins,wewillpresumablybegivenanopportunitytoapologise,intheoldsenseofrebuttal,andinthenewsensetoo,bywayofconfessionandpleaofrepentance.

（2）Itiswelltoapologise（inthenewsense）,butpromptly,voluntarily,fullyandsincerely.Iftheerrorisamatterofopinionandun-punishable,somuchthebetter—anapologythenbecomesagraciousandcreditableoccasion,andanexampletoall.（3）Anenforcedapologyisamiserableaffair.（4）Areadyapologyisthemarkofagentleman,moreparticularlyifitisnotnecessary.Itistheoppositeofrevenge.

5.

（1）Thewayinwhichheapologized:

climbingthestupendousmountainstrongholdbare-footedlyinthedepthsofwinterandmakinghiskowtowtoHildebrand,PopeGregoryVII;

（2）thenatureandresultoftheapology:

insincere,tragic,nothealingtobothparties,notaccepted.

6.Theballisinyour/his/hercourtmeansit’syour/his/herturntotakeactionorreply.Thetitlesuggeststhatonecouldderivegreatpowerorstrength,morallyspeaking,iftheyarereadytoapologisewhennecessary.

Furtherreading

1.utility

2.infallible

3.extensions

4.consciousness

5.progress

6.tendency,coded/rooted/stipulated

7.DNA

8.infallibility

Translation

E-C

毋庸置疑，任何人都要为自己的一生辩护，不管是今生还是来世。

当我们出席最后的审判时，记录天使诵读出所罗列的我们的罪孽，我们作了忏悔并请求宽恕，这样大概会被给予辩白（这个词的老义）和表示歉意（它的新义）的机会。

在今生中，道歉（新义）是桩对的事，但是要做到及时、要心甘情愿、要完完全全、要诚心诚意。

如果过错是看法上的事，并且错不当罚，那最好不过——说一声“对不起”就成了一个显示大度的机会，可赞可叹，众人之楷模也。

而被迫去道歉，那可就难受了。

此外，随时准备好一句道歉的话，是一种高尚行为，特别是在没有必要道歉时而道歉，更显示出一个绅士的特质。

道歉与报复相对。

培根有云:

“夫图报复焉，汝与汝仇等：

苟汝恕之，则汝优於汝仇焉；盖宽恕也，王者之风也。

”由是，谁把“对不起”常挂在嘴边，谁就在道义上掌握了主动。

C-E

Sometimesitisinterpersonalskillsratherthanprofessionalskillsthatreallycountsinyourcareer.Interpersonalskillsarenothingbuttheabilitytobegoodlistener,tobesensitivetowardother’sneeds,totakecriticismwell.Peoplewithskillinsocialrelationsadmittheirmistakes,andtaketheirshareofblame,whichisamatureandresponsiblewaytohandleanerror.That’swhymanymediocreemployeessurviveviolentcorporateupheavalswhilepeopleofgreattalentarebeinglaidoff.Sensitiveintheirdealingswithothers,theyarewelllikedeverywhere.Peoplewithpoorinterpersonalskillshavetroubletakingcriticism.Whenconfrontedwithamistake,theylettheiregogetintheway.Theydenyresponsibilityandbecamemoodyorangry.Theymarkthemselvesas“prickly”.

Unit2

TextBAnswertoquestions

1.Theonlyadvice,indeed,thatonepersoncangiveanotheraboutreadingistotakenoadvice,tofollowyourowninstincts,touseyourownreason,tocometoyourownconclusions.

2.Theyexerttheirinfluencebytellingushowtoread,whattoread,whatvaluetoplaceonwhatweread.

3.Thedifficultyliesinchoosingtherightbookstoreadandstayfocusedonthem.

4.Weshouldbanishsuchpreconceptionsthatfictionshallbetrue,poetrybefalse,biographyflattering,andhistoryenforceourprejudices.

5.Becausewordsaremoreimpalpablethanthingsconcrete（forexample,bricks）.Theauthorisgivingussomethingfarmoredefinite.Tounderstandhimwell,weshouldtrytobecomehim.Behisfellow-workerandaccomplice,andmakeourownexperimentwiththedangersanddifficultiesofwords.

6.Toreadanovelisadifficultandcomplexart.Wemustbecapablenotonlyofgreatfinesseofperception,butofgreatboldnessofimaginationifwearegoingtomakeuseofallthatthenovelist—thegreatartist—givesus.

Furtherreading

1.library

2.symbol

3.eighthgrade

4.ramification

5.reverence

6.presence

7.high-speed

8.paperback

Translation

E-C

由于某家书店恰好象一个超市，因此虽然也许是无意的，却不可避免地给了我们这样一个信息：

书是消费品，如同土豆或意大利馅饼一样，是供人吞食后忘掉的。

无形中把书归入了世上易损商品之列，一点不会因为想到目前越来越多的书确实是为了这样的消费目的而写的就令人感到舒心，同样也不会因为想到大多数的书店已经变得徒有虚名，成了不过是出售这类精装书的报亭而令人感到舒心。

这类精装书要不到几个星期，有时只要一旦跌出畅销书，就会被抛到打折书店里去（也就是令作家深为痛心的乱七八糟的书坟堆），紧跟着就完全绝了版。

准备让人很快忘记的书可能对出版公司有某些经济价值，而要说对文学有贡献，则简直是自相矛盾。

E-C

ItissaidthatinJewishfamilies,whenchildrenaregrowingup,mothers,astheirfirstteachers,wouldaskthemtoansweronequestion:

“If,letussuppose,somedayyourhousecaughtfireandyourpossessionswereabouttobelooted,whatwouldyoutaketorunwithyou?

”Children,ofcourse,arenaiveandinnocent—theyaretooyoungtounderstandmuch.Soitisnaturalthattheywouldthinkofthepreciousthing,money,forwithoutityoucouldn’thavefood,clothesorbeabletohavefun.Someofthemmightsaytheywouldescapewithdiamondsorothertreasures.Withtheminyourpocket,therewouldbenothingtoworryabout.Obviouslynoneoftheseistheanswermothersexpect.Theywouldgoonasking:

“There’satreasurewithoutshape,colorortaste.Doyouknowwhatthatis?

”Iftheirkidsstillfailedtocomeupwithananswer,themotherwouldsay,“Honey,whatyoushouldtakewithyouisneithermoneynordiamonds,butwisdom.Wisdomissomethingthatnoonecantakeawayfromyou.Solongasyouarealive,wisdomwillalwaysbewithyou.”IntheeyesoftheintelligentandsmartJewishpeople,everymaterialthinghasavalueandtheycanallbelostandregained.Onlywisdomisapricelessassettoyourlife.Wisdom,toagreatextent,isobtainedfrombooks.Inordertocultivatechildren’sloveforbooks,whentheybegintomakesenseofthings,motherswoulddripalittlehoneyonthebookcoverandletthemlickit.Themessagemothersreallytrytodeliveristhatbooksaresweet.

Unit3

TextBAnswertoquestions

1.Asrecentlyas1950,only30%oftheworld’spopulationwasurbanized.Today,morethanhalfliveinurbancenters.Thedevelopedworldisnowabout80%urbanandthisisexpectedtobetruefortheentireplanetbyaround2050,withsome2billionpeoplemovingtocities.

2.Urbandecayistheprocesswherebyapreviouslyfunctioningcity,orpartofacity,fallsintodisrepairanddecrepitude.Itmayfeaturedeindustrialization,depopulationorchangingpopulation,economicrestructuring,abandonedbuildings,highlocalunemployment,fragmentedfamilies,politicaldisenfranchisement,crime,andadesolate,inhospitablecitylandscape.

3.Theyaretreatedasindependentissues,notinconjunctionwithothersproblems.

4.One,thespacerequiredpercapitashrinks,thankstodensersettlementandamoreintenseuseofinfrastructure.Two,thepaceofallsocio-economicactivityaccelerates,leadingtohigherproductivity.Andthree,economicandsocialactivitiesdiversifyandbecomemoreinterdependent,resultinginnewformsofeconomicspecializationandculturalexpression.

5.Acarbonfootprintisameasureoftheimpactouractivitieshaveontheenvironment,andinparticularclimatechange.Theconceptoriginatesfromecologicalfootprintdiscussion.Itrelatestotheamountofgreenhousegasesproducedinourday-to-daylivesthroughburningfossilfuelsforelectricity,heatingandtransportationetc.Acarbonfootprintismadeupofthesumoftwoparts,theprimaryfootprintandthesecondaryfootprint.TheprimaryfootprintisameasureofourdirectemissionsofCO2fromtheburningoffossilfuelsincludingdomesticenergyconsumptionandtransportation（e.g.carandplane）.Wehavedirectcontrolofthese.ThesecondaryfootprintisameasureoftheindirectCO2emissionsfromthewholelifecycleofproductsweuse.Toputitverysimply—themorewebuythemoreemissionswillbecausedonourbehalf.

6.Whenmoreunitsofagoodoraservicecanbeproducedonalargerscale,yetwith（onaverage）lessinputcosts, economiesofscale（ES）aresaidtobeachieved.Asacitygrowsanditspopulationincreases,itwillhaveabetterchancetodecreasethecostsininfrastructure,energy,housing,etc.

7.Itreferstothegrowthnotrestrainedbydefinitelimits,restrictions,structure,orpatterns.Suchgrowthallowsfororisadaptabletochangesfromtimetotime.

8.Scalinglawsareaconceptinscienceandengineering.Itreferstovariableswhichchangedrasticallydependingonthescale（size）beingconsidered.Forexample,ifyoutriedtobuilda50-tonminingvehicleusingthesameengineeringassumptionsasa2-toncar,youwouldprobablyendupwithavehiclethatdoesn’tevenrun.Theterm“scalinglaws”oftenappearswhenconsideringthedesignofaconstructthatisunusuallylargeorsmall,sothatcarefulthoughtisnecessarytoextendprinciplesoftypical-sizedconstructstounusually-sizedconstructs.

9.Aposterchild（sometimesposterboyorpostergirl）isachildafflictedbysomediseaseordeformitywhosepictureisusedonpostersorothermediaaspartofacampaigntoraisemoneyorenlistvolunteersforacauseororganization.Suchcampaignsmaybepartofanannualeffortorevent,andmayincludethenameandageofaspecificchildalongwithotherpersonallyidentifiableattributes.Alternatively,“posterchild”isusedinthecommonvernacularforaperson（ororganization）whoseattributesorbehaviorareemblematicofaknowncause,movement,circumstanceorideal.Underthisusage,thepersoninquestionislabeledasanembodimentorarchetype.Thissignifiesthattheveryidentityofthesubjectissynonymouswiththeassociatedideal;orotherwiserepresentativeofitsmostfavorableorleastfavorableaspects.

Furtherreading

1.congenial;spacious

2.strikeupaconversatio