高二英语写作突破讲义.docx
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高二英语写作突破讲义
高二英语写作突破讲义
第一课
⏹Learningalanguageisnotamatterofacquiringasetofrulesandbuildingalargevocabulary.Astudent’smasteryofalanguageisultimatelymeasuredbyhowwellhecanuseit,notbyhowmuchheknowsaboutit.
写作课程安排:
中英文行文区别,如何用词;认识简单句、并列句、复合句,熟悉简单句五大基本句型;如何写记叙文;写作的基本步骤;如何写议论文,如何开头、展开、收尾;如何写说明文等。
写作技巧之行文区别篇
1.前重心v.s后重心
Iamlookingforwardtothiswintercamp,forallofmyfriendsspeakhighlyofit.朋友们对夏令营反映不错,我很期待。
例如一些常用句型,it表示形式主语或宾语,句子重心前移,平衡结构。
Itseemsexcitingtoplaytheguitarinfrontofthegirls’dormitory.
Iconsideritboringtowatchsuchprogramslike“SuperGirl”.
egThedecisionwasmade___reducingworkers’wages.A.onB.ofC.fromD.by
Prof.YaoZhenhua,justpassedawayonJune16th,2083,attheageof100yearsold,inBeijingXieheHospital.Hehasbeenadistinguishededucator,writeranddiplomat,ChairmanofSocialSciencesAcademyofChina,memberofthe46thCPCStandingCommittee,HonoraryProfessorofHarvardUniversityintheU.S.,AmbassadorintheCommonwealthofAustralia.,
2.结构V.S.语义
好好学习天天向上
Workhardandmakeprogresseveryday.
Ifyouworkhard,youwillmakeprogresseveryday.
不见不散
Bethereorbesquare.
IfIdon’tmeetyou,Iwon’tleave.
Iwon’tleaveuntilIseeyou.
改错练习
1.Especially,youcanseethecutepandas,whichhavegoodmannersandkindtovisitors.*(改为arekindtovisitors)
2.Nanjinghasalotofplacesofinterest.SuchasXuanWuLake,…*(改为,suchas)
3.Mixtheflourwithwater,waituntilitgetsbigger,cutitintopieces.*(改为andcut)
4.Hecameon,andstoodinfrontofthegirl,saidthatitwasnicetoseeyou.*(将and置于said之前)
3.长句V.S.短句
Mr.YufailedtwiceintheNMT.
Mr.Yu,whoiscurrentlythepresidentoftheNewOrientalEducation&TechnologyGroup,failedtwiceintheNMT,whichisthenationalmatriculationtestintendedforthoseseniorhighschoolgraduateswhowishedtostudyintheuniversitiesandcolleges.
Almostimmediatelyhebegantocomplainabouttheweather,foreventhoughitwasstillsummer,itrainedcontinuallyanditwasoftenbitterlycold.
Continually与continuously区别
Still,hecouldnothelpthinkingthatifanythingshouldhappen,thenearestpersonhecouldcontactbyradio,unlesstherewasashipnearby,wouldbeonanisland885milesaway.
练习:
翻译词句为中文
答案:
他禁不住寻思起来,要是果真有什么意外,除非附近有条船,他用无线电能联系上的最近的人远在885英里以外的岛上。
4.从句V.S.分句
CanyouansweraquestionwhichIwanttoaskandwhichispuzzlingme?
译文:
我有一个问题弄不懂,想请教你,你能回答吗?
汉语用三个分句表达原文的意思,显然效果很好,如果译成:
你能回答一个使我弄不懂而又想问你的问题吗
⏹主语从句;
Whatweseeinfrontofusseemstobeahandsomeboy.
⏹表语从句;
That’swhoteachesusEnglishreadingthiswinter.
⏹定语从句;
Beijing,whichislocatedinthenorthofChina,ishis
hometown.
⏹同位语从句;
Thenewsthatheisjustover25yearsoldandhasbeenmarriedreallysurprisesallofus.
⏹宾语从句;
Buthetoldusthatitwasnottrue.
⏹状语从句;
Wheneverweaskedhisactualage,healwayssmiledwith
kindness.
⏹感叹句
Whatalovelyteacherheis!
Howlovelyheis!
5.多代词V.S.多名词
⏹人称代词,替换前文出现的人名
⏹物主代词my,his,her,mine等
⏹指示代词this,that,these,those等
⏹疑问代词what,when,which,where等
Assimpleasthequestionmayseem,itrepresentsthedoubtofmostpeoplehere.
⏹关系代词,引导定语从句
⏹反身代词
⏹不定代词
Heisverybrave.(rather?
Quite?
)---Nothingcouldmakehimfeelscared.
6.多被动V.S.多主动
1)不清楚动作的执行者
Thewindowwasbrokenandabroomwasleftonthefloor.
2)强调客观发生的事实,淡化句子的主语
Newton’stheorieshadbeenreplacedwithEinstein’sandourunderstandingoftheuniversehadbeenchanged.
3)出于修辞的原因,更好地安排句子结构
Iwenttothepartyyesterday,andwasaskedbymyfriendtosingafewsongs.
还有其他常用的被动语态句型(录音里没有说,可以作为补充材料提供)
⏹Itissaidthat...据说……
⏹Itisbelievedthat...据认为……
⏹Itisreported/estimated/suggestedthat...据报道,估计,有人建议……
⏹Itisagreedthat...人们同意……
⏹Itmustbepointedoutthat...必须指出……
⏹itmustbeadmittedthat...必须承认……
⏹Itmustberealizedthat...必须认识到……
⏹Itwillbeseenfromthisthat...由此可知……
⏹Itis(generally)consideredthat...大家(普遍)认为……
写作技巧之如何用词
1.应用高级词汇
Ultimately,awesome,terrific等
例子JohnsonwillcometoChinaaround28th,October.---JohnsonisexpectedtocometoChinaaround28th,China.
Thequestionisreallydifficulttounderstand.---Thequestionisreallyconfusing.
Hehadtofaceallthepotentialdifficulties.---Hehadtocopewithallthepotentialdifficulties.
练习Ourschoolliesinthesuburbofthecity.(belocatedin)
Evenifdinnerlooksalittlebitterrible,itdoesn’tmeanitwilltastethatway.(looksdisgusting)
Ican’tfindanywaytosolvetheproblem.(solutions)
Nomatterhowmuchyoulearn,thereisalwayssomethingyoudon’tknow.(somestuff)
2.同义词的使用
例子Itisveryinteresting.---amusing;Itisgreatfun.
Lastsummer,IvisitedNewYorkwithmyparent.---paidavisitto/toured
练习Thatisagoodidea.---great/brilliant
Heisakindfriend.---Heiskindtous.
3.使用短语代替单词
例子SuddenlyIhadagoodidea.---cameupwith/thoughtof
Takeamomenttoseewhatishappeningaroundyou.---takingplace/goingon
Everyoneshoulddohisorherbest.---doone’sutmost/makeeveryeffort
练习Heisafamousteacher.---Heiswell-knownasadancer.
Totwelve-year-oldHannah,thisanswerwastoodifficulttounderstand.---notmakesenseatall
(请忽视这句话录音,谢谢)Generally,ourfriendshipremainedwithinfourclassroomwalls.---
Whatyoudowillbeveryimportant.---Whatyoudowillmakeadifference.
如何表达“喜欢”
词语like,love,enjoy,prefer,sthisawesome/wonderful
短语beinterestedin,takeaninterestin,befondof,bekeenon,bepleasedwith,carefor,takealikingfor
句型I’dliketodo;sthiswhatI’mfondof;sthismyfavorite;I’dfeellikedoing.
第二课
了解简单句、并列句和复合句
简单句
定义:
只包含一个主谓结构的句子叫做简单句,句子成分是由词或短语来充当的
Iusedtocookmyownfoodinthepast.
Cook:
EverymorningIgotupveryearlyatabout6o’clock.Iwashedmyfaceandbrushedmyteeth,andafterthat,Icookedmyfather,mymotherandmyself.Icookedthemeveryday.
Cookforsb./cookbreakfast
Itbecomesnearlyimpossibletocatchupwithher,theNo.1studentinourclass.
并列句
定义:
包含两个或多个互不依从的主谓结构,通常由一个或多个并列连词来连接的句子叫做并列句。
CometotheEnglishcorner,andyou’llhavegreatfunhere.
并列连词和分号是并列句的标志,是区别简单句与并列句的根本。
1.联合关系的并列句由and,or,neither…nor和notonly…butalso/aswell等连接
Henotonlycleanstheroom,butalsowashestheclothes.
2.转折结果关系的并列句由but,however,while,yet,so,therefore,for等连接
复合句
定义:
包含两个或多个主谓结构,并且,其中一个主谓结构充当主句,另一个或多个主谓结构为从句,充当该主句的主语、表语、宾语、定语或状语,这样的句子叫做复合句。
简单句五大基本句型
主谓句型
--Doyou______take______tobeyourlawfulwife/husband,tohaveandtoholdfromthisdayforward,forbetterorforworse,forricherorforpoorer,insicknessandinhealth,toloveandtocherish,tilldeathdoyoupart?
--Ido.
⏹该句型延伸形式为:
主+不及物+状语Thedooropenssuddenly.
There+不及物+主语Therecomesatallguy.(区别gay)
主+不及物+不定式Hewantstoseethegirl.
主系表句型
Helookshandsome/Youlookbeautiful.
look,seem,touch,sound,feel,smell
常见的“It…”句式也是属于第二基本句型
1.It+be+adj./n.+tov…(不定式)
例:
Itissurprisingtoseehimatthewedding.
Itismydutytotakecareofyou,mydear.
2.It+be+adj.+for+sb.+toV…
例:
Itisdifficultforustobetogether.
Itisverysweetofyoutosendmethegreetingcard.
主谓宾句型
Iloveyou.
该句型谓语必须为及物动词吗?
Helooksatthegirlsilently.
主谓宾宾
Hegivesthegirlaring.
Shereturnshimakiss.
call,give,send,sell,lend,teach,write,show,return,bring,pass,offer,hand.
有些动词接for:
buy,sing,make,do,play(弹奏,播放)
主谓宾宾补
引导这种句型的动词有let,make,have,see,watch,hear,notice.
补语一般由名词,形容词,副词,动词不定式,分词结构充当。
Youmakemylifecomplete.
Theweddingmakesthegroomsad.
Thehusbandseesthemantakeawayhisbride.
常见的Ithinkit+adj.forsb.todo
Ithinkitimportanttohaveyouinmylife.
如何写记叙文(叙事篇)
以写事为主的记叙文,注意:
1)交待六要素(时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果),
2)描写先后顺序以及记事的相对完整,
3)把握好事情的开始、发展、高潮及结局。
内容:
六要素----When,where,who,what,whyandhow
顺序:
时间顺序或逻辑发展顺序
人称:
第一或第三人称
要求:
语句通顺且连贯,内容表达一致。
⏹…thedooropenssuddenly.
⏹Therecomesayoungman.
⏹Hewantstoseethegirl.
⏹Helookshandsome.
⏹It’ssurprisingtoseehimatthewedding.
⏹It’shisdutytotakecareofher.
⏹It’sdifficultforthemtobetogether.
⏹Iloveyou.
⏹Helooksathersilently.
⏹Hegivesheragoldenring.
⏹Shereturnshimagentlekiss.
⏹Youmakemylifecomplete.
⏹Thismakesthegroomveryangry.
Heseesthemantakeawayhisbride.
三篇学生习作
⏹Suddenly,thedooropened.Therecameagood-lookingyoungman,whowantedtoseethebride.“Iloveyou!
”hesaidtoher.Shefeltsurprisedtomeethimatthewedding.Butitwasdifficultforthemtobetogether.Itseemedtoolate.However,themanslowlyshowedagoldenringtoher,whoreturnedhimagentlekiss.Thismadethegroommad,andfinallyhesawthemantakeawayhisbride.
⏹Whenthedooropenedsuddenly,ahandsomeyoungmancamein.Hewantedtoseethebride.Itwastoosurprising.Thoughitseemeddifficultforthemtobetogether,theystilllovedeachother.Themanhandedslowlyabeautifulringtothegirl,andshereturnedhimakiss.Atthattime,thegroomgotquiteangry.However,hecouldonlyquietlyseethemantakeawayhisbride.Thiswastoobad.
⏹Ahandsomeyoungmanenteredthechurchjustatthattime.Herushedtothebride,whichfrightenedeveryonepresent.Nooneknewwhohewasandwhyhecamehere,exceptthegirl.Hetookoutaglitteringgoldenringandgentlygaveittoher.Tooursurprise,shekissedhimontheforehead.Webegantoknowwhatreallyhappened.Iguess,thegroommusthavebeenratherangryanddisappointed.Itwashisbadday.
第三课
如何写记叙文第二部分(写人篇)
记叙文是以写人、记事、状物为主要内容,以叙述和描写为表达方式的文章。
以写人为主的记叙文,应该注意肖像描写、行动描写、语言描写、心理描写以及对细节的描写,考生应根据写作的要求,灵活掌握,突出重点。
记叙文要求:
主题明确,内容充实完整;层次分明,有条有理;主次分明,详略得当。