The Domestication and Foreignization of Cultural Images英语专业硕士论文30.docx

The Domestication and Foreignization of Cultural Images英语专业硕士论文30.docx

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TheDomesticationandForeignizationofCulturalImages英语专业硕士论文30

文化意象的归化与异化

TheDomesticationandForeignizationofCulturalImages

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本人声明所呈交的学位论文是本人在导师指导下进行的研究工作和取得的研究成果，除了文中特别加以标注和致谢之处外，论文中不包含其他人已经发表或撰写过的研究成果，也不包含为获得天津大学或其他教育机构的学位或证书而使用过的材料。

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2009年3月20日

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摘　要

本文旨在探讨文化意象的翻译。

翻译不仅仅是语言的转化，而且是文化信息的转换，其内容来自于文化，因此在英汉互译中成功地转换文化意象是非常关键的。

本文基于对大量典型文化意象的翻译实践展开分析的基础上，拟从文化翻译的理论角度探讨文化意象转换的实际问题，力图解决：

（1）英汉互译中文化意象转换的原因是什么？

（2）如何进行英汉文化意象的转换？

为了更好地解决以上问题，理论界提出了各种各样的翻译方法，归化与异化就是其中最具代表性的一对。

本文着重研究这两种翻译策略在文化意象翻译中的应用，阐明它们之间的关系，并探讨在具体翻译实践中如何加以科学的选择。

归化与异化作为两种翻译策略有其各自的特点和价值，归化和异化各有其优缺点。

过于强调其中的一种是片面的、不科学的。

我们不仅应该研究这两种策略的特点，还应结合译者的目的，目标读者是否接受等因素综合分析。

我们不能把任何一种翻译策略看成是绝对的，只有辩证地研究这两种用于文化意象转换的翻译策略才会有利于翻译研究的深入发展。

本文以下述形式展开：

第一部分：

引文简要介绍了文化翻译的背景和文化意象翻译的研究，以及文化意象翻译的意义和必要性，从而导入文化意象翻译的两个策略：

归化和异化。

第二部分：

说明“文化”、“意象”和“文化意象”这三个术语产生的背景及内涵，以及英汉文化意象的差异和分类，揭示了文化意象的差异影响其翻译。

第三部分：

对文化意象的翻译现状、目标进行了细致的分析研究。

介绍了归化、异化翻译策略及其历史背景和理论依据，考察了在文化意象翻译上归化与异化的关系，阐明决定异化与归化策略的不同因素，其中包括译者的文化认知、翻译的目的和源文本类型。

第四部分：

详细阐述了在文化意象翻译过程中异化与归化的实际应用及其具体方法和依据。

第五部分：

结语。

归化和异化两种翻译策略是矛盾辨证的统一体。

在文化意象转换过程中也应以异化为主，以归化作为补充；必要时，两者应当结合使用。

关键词:

文化意象；意象转换；归化；异化；翻译策略

ABSTRACT

Thisthesisattemptstomakeastudyofthetranslationofculturalimages.Translationisnotonlythetransformationoflinguisticformfromonelanguagetoanother,butalsothetransformationofculturalinformationbecausethecontentofalanguagecomesfromitsculture.SuccessfultransformationofculturalimagesiscrucialtosuccessfulC-E/E-Ctranslation.Thethesisisdevelopedontheanalysisofthetranslatingpracticeofanumberoftypicalculturalimages.Itmainlydiscussestheproblemsofthetransformationofculturalimagesintranslationtheoryfromaculturalperspective.Itaimstoanswertwoquestions:

（1）Whatarethereasonsofculturalimages’transformationintheC-E/E-Ctranslation?

（2）Howisculturalimages’transformationcarriedonintheC-E/E-Ctranslation?

Withtheattempttobettersolvetheproblems,theoristshavecomeupwithmanytranslationstrategiesthathavearousedheateddebates,amongwhichdomesticationandforeignizationarethemosttypicalpair.Thisthesiswillstudythetwotranslationstrategiesforculturalimagetranslation,clarifytheirrelationshipandcomeupwithkeystoscientificchoiceintranslationpractice.

Fromtheanalysis,itcanbeconcludedthatthetwotranslationstrategiesofdomesticationandforeignizationhavetheirrespectivefeaturesandapplicablevalues.Theyalsohavetheirrespectiveadvantagesanddisadvantages.Itislop-sidedandunscientifictooveremphasizeonestrategyfromastaticandabsoluteviewpoint.Weshouldnotonlystudytheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthesetwotranslationstrategies,butalsoanalyzetheirrespectivevaluesofapplicationsoastoreachabalanceinthefinaltranslationwork.Inmostcases,itisbeneficialtotheprosperityoftranslationstudiestoholdadialecticalviewtowardstranslationstrategiesforthetransformationofculturalimage.

Accordingly,thethesisislaidoutasfollows.

ChapterOnegivesabriefintroductiontothebackgroundofculturaltranslation,thepreviousstudiesonthetransmissionofculturalimagesandthenecessityandsignificanceofthestudyofculturalimagetranslation,bringingabouttwotranslationstrategiesofforeignizationanddomesticationinthetransformationofculturalimages.

ChapterTwobeginswiththebackgroundoftheemergenceof“culture”,“image”and“culturalimage”andtheirconnotations.ItfurtherdealswithculturalimageclassificationsandthedifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglishinculturalimages,revealingthatthedifferencesinfluencethetranslationofculturalimages.

ChapterThreeanalyzestheresearchstatusandthegoalofculturalimagetranslation.Twostrategiesofforeignizationanddomesticationareintroduced,andtheirbackgroundandtheoreticalbasesareprovided.Afterclarifyingtheirrelationshipandthedifferentfactorsthatdeterminetheapplicationofdomesticationandforeignization,itisconcludedthatthetranslators’cognitionofcultures,translationpurposeandtypeofthesourcetextplaythemajorrolesinimagetranslation.

ChapterFourmakesaspecificationoftheapplicationofdomesticationandforeignizationofculturalimages,embodyingdiversemethodsandtheirjustifications.

ChapterFiveconcludesthatforeignizationanddomesticationareadialecticalunityofcontradictions.Wemaintain“foreignizationfirst,domesticationsecond”isapplicableandfeasibleinthetransformationofculturalimages.Anintegrationofthetwostrategiesisanecessityinsomecases.

KEYWORDS:

culturalimages;imagetransformation;domestication;foreignization;translationstrategies

Contents

CHAPTER1INTRODUCTION1

1.1BackgroundInformation1

1.2PreviousStudiesonTranslationofCulturalImages2

1.3NecessityandSignificanceoftheStudy3

CHAPTER2CULTUREANDIMAGES5

2.1DefinitionofCultureandImages5

2.1.1DefinitionofCulture5

2.1.2DefinitionofImages6

2.1.3DefinitionofCulturalImages9

2.2ClassificationofCulturalImages10

2.2.1CorrespondingCulturalImages11

2.2.2Semi-correspondingCulturalImages12

2.2.3Non-correspondingCulturalImages16

2.3DifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglishinTermsofCulturalImages17

2.3.1DifferencesDuetoLivingEnvironments18

2.3.2DifferencesDuetoHistory19

2.3.3DifferencesDuetoReligiousBeliefs20

2.3.4DifferencesDuetoModesofThinking21

CHAPTER3TRANSLATIONSTRATEGIESFORCULTURALIMAGES:

DOMESTICATIONANDFOREIGNIZATION23

3.1DefinitionofDomesticationandForeignization24

3.1.1DefinitionofDomestication24

3.1.2DefinitionofForeignization25

3.2Foreignizationvs.Domestication25

3.3TheRelationsbetweenDomesticationandForeignization27

3.3.1PrinciplesfortheChoiceofDomesticationandForeignization27

3.3.2AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofDomesticationandForeignization29

3.3.3FactorsfortheApplicationofDomesticationandForeignization30

CHAPTER4APPLICATIONOFDOMESTICATIONANDFOREIGNIZATIONTOCULTURALIMAGES32

4.1ForeignizationandItsJustification32

4.1.1Transliteration32

4.1.2LiteralTranslation34

4.1.3Borrowing36

4.1.4LiteralTranslationwithExplanation37

4.1.5LiteralTranslationwithAnnotation39

4.2DomesticationandItsJustification40

4.2.1FreeTranslation41

4.2.2Simplification44

4.2.3Substitution46

4.2.4Paraphrasing46

CHAPTER5CONCLUSION49

5.1SummaryofThisStudy49

5.2FindingsandDiscussions50

5.3LimitationsandSuggestions51

BIBLIOGRAPHY53

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS57

Chapter1Introduction

1.1BackgroundInformation

Languageisabodyofwordsandthesystemfortheirusecommontoapeoplewhoareofthesamecommunityorculturaltradition（RandomHouseDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage,1987,2nded.）.Thereisacloserelationshipbetweentranslationandculturejustasbetweenlanguageandculture.Sincethe1980softhelastcentury,anemergingtheoryofculturalvaluereferredtoastheculturalperspectiveintranslationhasgraduallybecomeoneofthefocusesinthefieldoftranslationresearch.

In1990,SusanBassnettandAndreLefevere,thetwoleadingscholarsintranslationstudies,whofirmlybelievedthatneithertheword,northetext,buttheculturebecomestheoperationalunitoftranslationas“momentous”,announcedthatthe“culturalturn”inthefieldoftranslationhadbeenunderwayforsometime.（BassnettandLefevere,1990:

5）Thismarksaculturalturnforthefield.Sincethen,theculturalturnhasbeenactuallyrecognizedinthefieldoftranslation.

InChina,beforetheappearanceoftheculturaltranslationtheory,thelinguisticperspectivewasthedominantinthetranslationtheoryandpractice.Butpeoplehavebeguntorealizethedeficiencyofit.Inthecourseoffindingthewayout,somescholarsofferwarmwelcomestothecomingoftheculturalperspectiveandproposetodotranslationstudiesinthebroadcontextofculturalstudies.

Withthischange,thetranslatorsandtheresearchersinChinaandabroadcanseethegreatchallengesaswellasthegreatopportunities.Alsonewresearchesonthetranslationstrategiesandtranslationtheorieswillmushroominthetranslationfield.However,transmissionofimagesismuchmorecomplicatedthanthatoftexts,asimagesarerelatedtothelingual,culturalandsocialelementsofacommunity.

1.2PreviousStudiesonTranslationofCulturalImages

Culturalimagesareincarnationofnationalwisdomandthecreamofhistoricalculture.Differentpeoplesproducetheirownspecialimagesduetodifferencesoflivingsurroundings,culturaltraditionsandotherfactors.Quitealotoftheseimageshavecloserelationshipswithlegendsandtotems.“Intheyearsofhistoricaldevelopment,culturalimagesappearedinpeople’slanguage,distributedinliteraryworks,idioms,proverbs,andsoon.Theyformeddifferentkindsofculturalsymbolswithfixedanduniqueculturalconnotationsandsomeofthemcreatedrichandfar-reachingassociations”（XieTianzhen,1999:

180）.

Uptonow,quiteafewscholarshavepublishedbooksandpapersforthediscussionofthetranslationofculturalimages,andtheirstudiesaremainlydevelopedfromthefollowingthreeaspects.

1.Thetranslationofculturalimagesisdiscussedfromtheperspectiveoftransmissionstrategies.Byanalyzingthetransmissionofsomeidioms,proverbsandallusions,somescholarsproposetransmissionstrategiessuchasliteraltransmissi