高中定语从句专题.docx
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高中定语从句专题
定语从句专题
在复合句中，修饰某个名词或代词的句子（做这个名词或代词的定语）叫定语从句，定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面，被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词，它与定语从句之间要有一个词连接，这个词指代先行词的内容叫做关系词（关系代词:
that,which,who,whose关系副词：
when,where,why）。
结构：
先行词+关系词+定语从句。
解题思路：
划清主从句；找准先行词；分析从句中是否缺少成分，如果缺少选择关系代词，如果没有缺少成分则选择关系副词。
注：
主句从句的成分必须完整；关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语或表语,关系副词做状语。
（一）who,which,that引导的定语从句
1.who先行词是“人”，在从句中作主语、宾语；
whom先行词也是人，但在从句中只能作宾语；
Thisisthemanwhohelpedme.
Thisisthemanwho/whomyouhelped.
2.which:
先行词是物，在从句中作主语、宾语
Thisisthebookwhichyouarelookingfor.
Thebuildingwhichisbeingbuiltwillbealibrary.
3.that:
先行词是人或物，在从句中作主语宾语或表语。
TheladythatcametoourschoolisfromAmerica.
ThebookthatIjustreadisveryinteresting.
Sheisnotthelovelygirlthatsheusedtobe.
注意：
which/who/that在从句中作宾语可以省略
（二）以下情况只用that不用which：
（1）anything,nothing,all,any,little,much,few等不定代词作先行词。
（2）先行词被all,much,little,every,no,any等词修饰时,用that。
（3）先行词被theonly,thevery修饰。
（4）先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰。
（5）先行词既有人又有物时。
1.IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?
2.IhavereadallthenovelsthatwerewrittenbyShakespeare.
3.ThisisthemostwonderfultimethatIhaveeverhad.
4.WhatisthefirstAmericanfilmthatyouhaveseen?
5.Thisistheverybookthatheislookingfor.
6.Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?
（三）定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句：
限定性定语从句：
从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明，缺少它，则句义显得不完整，从句与先行词紧密相连。
非限定性定语从句：
对先行词进行补充说明，解释，它与先行词之间有逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立，除了“that”以外，所有的关系代词和关系副词都可引导。
非限定性定语从句翻译时要译成两个句子。
Ihaveabrotherwhoisstudyingabroad.
我有一个在国外学习的弟弟。
CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.
查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
Hewaslateagain,whichmadehisteacherangry
他又迟到了，这使他的老师很生气。
（四）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
1、关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语，这些关系词在介词后面只能用which或whom.
不能用that.也不能用who.
TherewasamanwithwhomIwouldhavetoworktogether.
Thebooktowhichhedevotedmuchtimeistocomeoutnextmonth.
注意：
含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面.
ThisisthewatchwhichIamlookingfor.（正确）
ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.（错误）
2、“介词+关系代词”前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词。
如：
He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.
他深深地爱着他的父母，他们俩待他都很好。
Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life.
迄今为止，他写了１０部小说，其中３部是关于农村生活的。
3、在限制性定语从句中，当介词位于定语从句的末尾时，可用that/which（指物），that/whom/who（指人）作介词的宾语，而且作介词定语的关系代词往往省略。
Thisistheherothat/who/whom/不填weareproudof.
Thisisthepenthat/which/不填Iwrotetheletterwith.
（五）关系副词when,where,why引导的定语从句
当先行词是表示时间，地点，原因的词时，看从句是否缺少成分，如果有就选关系词which、that，如果不缺少成分就用when、where、why.
1.I’mverygladtoreturntomyhometownwhereIhadlivedfor10years.
2.ThisismyhometownwhichIhadlivedinfor10years.
3.Doyouknowthereasonwhyheislateforschool.
4.Noonebelievesthereasonthathegaveusabouthisabsenceatthemeeting.
5.IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoschool.
关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于"介词+which"结构，
因此常常和"介词+which"结构交替使用，例如：
Beijingistheplacewhere（inwhich）Iwasborn.
Isthisthereasonwhy（forwhich）herefusedouroffer?
（六）whose引导的定语从句
关系代词whose的先行词是“人”或“物”。
在从句中作定语，一般形式为whose+名词。
相当于the+名词+which/whom，例如：
HehaswrittenabookwhosenameIhaveforgotten.
=HehaswrittenabookthenameofwhichIhaveforgotten.
（七）as引导的定语从句
（1）引导限定性定语从句,可以在从句中做主语，宾语，表语
一般结构为thesame…as；such…as，译为和……一样……。
Wehavefoundsuchtoolsasareusedintheirfactory.
Ihavegotintothesametroubleashehas.
Heisnotthesamemanashewas.
（2）引导非限制性从句，常带有'正如'之意。
Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.
=Asisknowntoall,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.
as是关系代词。
例1中的as作know的宾语；例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。
as与which的区别
（1）由as,which引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于andthis或andthat。
as一般放在句首，也可以放在主句后，which只能放在句中，不能放在句首，例如
Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.（不能用which）
=Smokingisharmfultoone'shealth,asweknow.
Thesunheatstheearth,which/asisveryimportanttous.
（2）as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which，例如：
Itrainedhardyesterday,whichpreventedmefromgoingtothepark.（不能用as）
（8）定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致
1、oneof+复数名词+关系代词+谓语动词（与复数名词保持一致）
TomisoneofmyfriendsthatloveEnglisheveymuch.
2、Theonlyoneof+复数名词+关系代词+谓语动词（与onlyone保持一致）
TomistheonlyoneofmyfriendsthatlovesEnglisheveymuch.
3、当关系代词as与which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰主句内容时，若as与which作主语，则以单数对待，从句的谓语动词要相应与其保持一致。
GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina,as/whichisknowntoall.
定语从句专项练习题
（一）
1.Theplace_______interestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.
A.WhichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich
2.Doyouknowtheman_______?
A.whomIspokeB.towhospokeC.IspoketoD.thatIspoke
5.Thatistheday______I'llneverforget.
A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.when
6.Thefactory______we'llvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.
A.whereB.towhichC.whichD.inwhich
14.I'minterestedin______youhavesaid.
A.allthatB.allwhatC.thatD.which
39.Youcandependonwhateverpromise_______hemakes.
A./B.whyC.whenD.whose
43.Thenumberofthepeoplewho______cars______increasing.
A.owns;areB.owns;isC.own;isD.own;are
（二）
3.Thisisthehotel_______lastmonth.
A.whichtheystayedB.atthattheystayed
C.wheretheystayedatD.wheretheystayed
4.Doyouknowtheyear______theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?
A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhich
7.Greatchangeshavetakenplacesincetheninthefactory_______weareworking.
A.whereB.thatC.whichD.there
9.Canyoulendmethebook______theotherday?
A.aboutwhichyoutalkedB.whichyoutalked
C.aboutthatyoutalkedD.thatyoutalked
10.Thepen______heiswritingismine.
A.withwhichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.bywhich
11.Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontof______satasmallboy.
A.whomB.whoC.whichD.that
12.Theengineer______myfatherworksisabout50yearsold.
A.towhomB.onwhomC.withwhichD.withwhom
13.Itthereanyoneinyourclass______familyisinthecountry?
A.whoB.who'sC.whichD.whose
18.LiMing,______totheconcertenjoyeditverymuch.
A.IwentwithB.withwhomIwentC.withwhoIwentD.Iwentwithhim
20.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons________theyrememberedintheschool.
A.whichB.thatC.whomD.what
21.Theletterisfrommysister,______isworkinginBeijing.
A.whichB.thatC.whomD.who
22.Inourfactorythereare2,000workers,twothirdsof____arewomen.
A.themB.whichC.whomD.who
24.Ilostabook,______Ican'tremembernow.
A.whosetitleB.itstitleC.thetitleofitD.thetitleofthat
25.LastsummerwevisitedtheWestLake,______Hangzhouisfamousintheworld.
A.forwhichB.forthatC.inwhichD.what
27.Icanneverforgettheday_______weworkedtogetherandtheday______wespenttogether.
A.when;whichB.which;whenC.what;thatD.onwhich;when
28.Theway______helooksatproblemsiswrong.
A.whichB.whoseC.whatD./
29.Thisisthereason______hedidn'tcometothemeeting.
A.inwhichB.withwhichC.thatD.forwhich
30.Thismachine,______formanyyears,isstillworkingperfectly.
A.afterwhichIhavelookedB.whichIhavelookedafter
C.thatIhavelookedafterD.Ihavelookedafter
32.Heisworkinghard,______willmakehimpassthefinalexam.
A.thatB.whichC.forwhichD.who
33.Thatisnottheway______Idoit.
A./B.whichC.forwhichD.withwhich
34.Ihavetwogrammars,______areofgreatuse.
A.allofwhichB.eitherofwhichC.bothofthatD.bothofwhich
36.Myneighboursusedtogivemeahandintimeoftrouble,_______wasverykindofthem.
A.whoB.whichC.thatD.it
37.Thisisthemagazine_______Icopiedtheparagraph.
A.thatB.whichC.fromthatD.fromwhich
40.Smoking,_______isabadhabit,is,however,popular.
A.thatB.whichC.itD.though
41.---Didyouasktheguard_______happened?
---Yes,hetoldmeall_______heknew.
A.what;thatB.what;whatC.which;whichD.that;that
42.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears_______Ilivedonthefarmwith
thefarmers,_______hasagreateffectonmylife.
A.when;whoB.that;whichC.which;thatD.when;which
44.Duringthedays________,heworkedasaservantattheBrowns.
A.followedB.followingC.tofollowD.thatfollowed
45.Isoxygentheonlygas_______helpsfireburn?
A.thatB./C.whichD.it
46.Thecleverboymadeaholeinthewall,_____hecouldsee_____wasgoingoninsidehouse.
A.which;whatB.throughwhich;whatC.throughthat;whatD.what;that
49.Ihaveboughttwoballpens,_______writeswell.
A.noneofthemB.neitherofthemC.neitherofwhichD.noneofwhich
（三）
15.Iwanttousethesamedictionary______wasusedyesterday.
A.whichB.whoC.whatD.as
16.Heisn'tsuchaman______heusedtobe.
A.whoB.whomC.thatD.as
17.HeisgoodatEnglish,______weallknow.
A.thatB.asC.whomD.what
19.Idon'tlike______asyouread.
A.thenovelsB.thesuchnovelsC.suchnovelsD.samenovels
26.Ihaveboughtsuchawatch_______wasadvertisedonTV.
A.thatB.whichC.asD.it
38.Heisnotsuchaman_______wouldleavehisworkhalfdone.
A.thatB.whichC.whoD.as
参考答案及解析:
1.A.which用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。
2．C."和谁讲话”要说speaktosb.本题全句应为DoyouknowthemanwhomIspoketo.。
whom是关系代词，作介词to的宾语，可以省略。
3.D.where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
4.C.when是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
5．A.which是关系代词，在从句中作forget的宾语。
其他几个答案都不能作宾语。
6．C.解析同第5题。
7.A.解析见第3题。
8.A.本句话的先行词应该是films,因此，关系代词that是负数概念，其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态havebeenshown。
如果句中的one前面使用了定冠词the，则theone应该视为先行词。
9.A.“谈到某事物”应说talkaboutsth.。
about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能用that。
10.A.withwhich是"介词+关系代词"结构,常用来引导定语从句.with有"用"的意思,介词之后只能用which,不能用that.with
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