高中定语从句专题.docx

1、高中定语从句专题定语从句专题在复合句中，修饰某个名词或代词的句子（做这个名词或代词的定语）叫定语从句，定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面，被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词，它与定语从句之间要有一个词连接，这个词指代先行词的内容叫做关系词（关系代词:that, which, who, whose 关系副词： when, where, why）。结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句。解题思路：划清主从句；找准先行词；分析从句中是否缺少成分，如果缺少选择关系代词，如果没有缺少成分则选择关系副词。注：主句从句的成分必须完整；关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语或表语,关系副词做状语。(一) who, wh

2、ich, that引导的定语从句1. who先行词是 “人” ，在从句中作主语、宾语；whom先行词也是人，但在从句中只能作宾语； This is the man who helped me. This is the man who/whom you helped. 2. which: 先行词是物，在从句中作主语、宾语 This is the book which you are looking for. The building which is being built will be a library.3. that: 先行词是人或物，在从句中作主语宾语或表语。 The lady tha

3、t came to our school is from America. The book that I just read is very interesting.She is not the lovely girl that she used to be.注意：which /who /that 在从句中作宾语可以省略（二）以下情况只用that 不用which：(1)anything,nothing,all, any, little, much,few等不定代词作先行词。(2)先行词被all, much, little, every, no, any等词修饰时,用that。(3)先行词被t

4、he only, the very 修饰。(4)先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰。(5)先行词既有人又有物时。1. Is there anything that I can do for you?2. I have read all the novels that were written by Shakespeare.3. This is the most wonderful time that I have ever had.4. What is the first American film that you have seen?5. This is the very book that

5、 he is looking for.6. Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?（三）定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句：限定性定语从句：从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明，缺少它，则句义显得不完整，从句与先行词紧密相连。非限定性定语从句：对先行词进行补充说明，解释，它与先行词之间有逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立，除了“that”以外，所有的关系代词和关系副词都可引导。非限定性定语从句翻译时要译成两个句子。 I have a brother who is studying abroad.我

6、有一个在国外学习的弟弟。Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。 He was late again, which made his teacher angry他又迟到了，这使他的老师很生气。（四）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句1、关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语，这些关系词在介词后面只能用which 或whom.不能用that. 也不能用who. There was a man with whom I would have to work together . The bo

7、ok to which he devoted much time is to come out next month.注意：含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面. This is the watch which I am looking for.（正确） This is the watch for which I am looking.（错误）2、“介词+关系代词”前还可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代词或者数词。如： Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareveryki

8、ndtohim. 他深深地爱着他的父母，他们俩待他都很好。 Uptonow,hehaswrittentenstories,threeofwhichareaboutcountrylife. 迄今为止，他写了部小说，其中部是关于农村生活的。3、在限制性定语从句中，当介词位于定语从句的末尾时，可用that/which (指物），that/whom/who (指人）作介词的宾语，而且作介词定语的关系代词往往省略。 This is the hero that/who/whom/不填 we are proud of. This is the pen that/which/不填 I wrote the le

9、tter with.（五）关系副词when, where, why引导的定语从句当先行词是表示时间，地点，原因的词时，看从句是否缺少成分，如果有就选关系词which、 that，如果不缺少成分就用when、where、why.1. Im very glad to return to my hometown where I had lived for 10 years.2. This is my hometown which I had lived in for 10 years.3. Do you know the reason why he is late for school.4. No

10、one believes the reason that he gave us about his absence at the meeting.5. I still remember the day when I first came to school.关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于介词+ which结构，因此常常和介词+ which结构交替使用，例如：Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?(六）

11、whose 引导的定语从句关系代词whose的先行词是“人”或“物”。在从句中作定语，一般形式为whose+名词。相当于the+名词+which/whom，例如：He has written a book whose name I have forgotten.=He has written a book the name of which I have forgotten.(七) as引导的定语从句(1) 引导限定性定语从句,可以在从句中做主语，宾语，表语一般结构为the same as；suchas ，译为和一样。We have found such tools as are used i

12、n their factory. I have got into the same trouble as he has.He is not the same man as he was.（2）引导非限制性从句，常带有正如之意。As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.= As is known to all, smoking is harmful to ones health.as是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语；例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。as与which 的区别(1)由as, which 引导的非限定性定语

13、从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。as一般放在句首，也可以放在主句后，which只能放在句中，不能放在句首，例如As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.（不能用which）=Smoking is harmful to ones health, as we know.The sun heats the earth, which /as is very important to us.(2） as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用wh

14、ich，例如： It rained hard yesterday, which prevented me from going to the park.(不能用as)(8）定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致1、one of + 复数名词 +关系代词 + 谓语动词（与复数名词保持一致） Tom is one of my friends that love English evey much.2、The only one of + 复数名词 +关系代词 + 谓语动词（与only one保持一致)Tom is the only one of my friends that loves Englis

15、h evey much.3、当关系代词as与which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰主句内容时，若as与which 作主语，则以单数对待，从句的谓语动词要相应与其保持一致。 Great changes have taken place in China , as/which is known to all.定语从句专项练习题(一)1.The place _interested me most was the Childrens Palace.A. Which B. where C. what D. in which2.Do you know the man _?A. whom I spoke B.

16、 to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke5.That is the day _Ill never forget.A. which B. on which C. in which D. when6.The factory _well visit next week is not far from here.A. where B. to which C. which D. in which14.Im interested in _you have said.A. all that B. all what C. that D. which39. You

17、can depend on whatever promise _ he makes.A. / B. why C. when D. whose 43. The number of the people who _ cars _ increasing.A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are（二）3.This is the hotel _last month.A. which they stayed B. at that they stayedC. where they stayed at D. where they stayed4.Do yo

18、u know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded?A. which B. that C. when D. on which7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _we are working.A. where B. that C. which D. there9.Can you lend me the book _the other day?A. about which you talked B. which you talkedC. about th

19、at you talked D. that you talked10.The pen _he is writing is mine.A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy.A. whom B. who C. which D. that12.The engineer _my father works is about 50 years old.A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D.

20、 with whom13.It there anyone in your class _family is in the country?A. who B. whos C. which D. whose18.Li Ming, _to the concert enjoyed it very much.A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him20.He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school.A. w

21、hich B. that C. whom D. what21.The letter is from my sister, _is working in Beijing.A. which B. that C. whom D. who22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _are women.A. them B. which C. whom D. who24.I lost a book, _I cant remember now.A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it

22、D. the title of that25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, _Hangzhou is famous in the world. A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what27.I can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent together.A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when28.The way _he lo

23、oks at problems is wrong.A. which B. whose C. what D./29.This is the reason _he didnt come to the meeting.A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which30.This machine, _for many years, is still working perfectly.A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked afterC. that I have looked after D.

24、 I have looked after32.He is working hard, _will make him pass the final exam.A.that B.which C.for which D.who33.That is not the way _I do it.A./ B.which C.for which D.with which34.I have two grammars, _are of great use.A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which36.My neigh b

25、ours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _ was very kind of them.A. who B. which C. that D. it 37.This is the magazine _ I copied the paragraph.A. that B. which C. from that D. from which 40. Smoking, _ is a bad habit, is, however, popular.A. that B. which C. it D. though 41. - Did you ask th

26、e guard _ happened?- Yes, he told me all _ he knew.A. what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that 42. I shall never forget those years _ I lived on the farm withthe farmers, _ has a great effect on my life.A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which 44. During the days _, he

27、 worked as a servant at the Browns.A. followed B. following C. to follow D. that followed 45. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn?A. that B. / C. which D. it 46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _ he could see _ was going on inside house.A. which; what B. through which; what C. through t

28、hat; what D. what; that 49. I have bought two ballpens, _ writes well.A. none of them B. neither of them C. neither of which D. none of which （三）15.I want to use the same dictionary _was used yesterday.A. which B. who C. what D. as16.He isnt such a man _he used to be.A. who B. whom C. that D. as17.H

29、e is good at English, _we all know.A. that B. as C. whom D. what19.I dont like _ as you read.A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels26.I have bought such a watch _ was advertised on TV.A. that B. which C. as D. it38.He is not such a man _ would leave his work half done.A. that

30、 B. which C. who D. as 参考答案及解析:1. A. which用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。2C. 和谁讲话”要说speak to sb. 本题全句应为Do you know the man whom I spoke to.。whom是关系代词，作介词to的宾语，可以省略。3. D. where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。4. C. when是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。5A. which是关系代词，在从句中作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。6C. 解析同第5题。7. A. 解析见第3题。8. A. 本句话的先行词应该是films,因此，关系代词that是负数概念，其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态have been shown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠词the，则the one应该视为先行词。9. A. “谈到某事物”应说talk about sth.。about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能用that。10. A. with which是介词+关系代词结构,常用来引导定语从句.with有用的意思,介词之后只能用which,不能用that. with