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nba讲稿
TheNationalBasketballAssociation(NBA)isthepre-eminentmen'sprofessionalbasketballleagueinNorthAmerica,andiswidelyconsideredtobethepremiermen'sprofessionalbasketballleagueintheworld.Ithas30franchisedmemberclubs(29intheUnitedStatesand1inCanada),andisanactivememberofUSABasketball(USAB),whichisrecognizedbyFIBA(alsoknownastheInternationalBasketballFederation)asthenationalgoverningbodyforbasketballintheUnitedStates.TheNBAisoneofthefourmajorNorthAmericanprofessionalsportsleagues.NBAplayersaretheworld'sbestpaidsportsmen,byaverageannualsalaryperplayer.
TheleaguewasfoundedinNewYorkCityonJune6,1946,astheBasketballAssociationofAmerica(BAA).TheleagueadoptedthenameNationalBasketballAssociationonAugust3,1949,aftermergingwithitsrivalNationalBasketballLeague(NBL).Theleague'sseveralinternationalaswellasindividualteamofficesaredirectedoutofitsheadofficeslocatedintheOlympicTowerat645FifthAvenueinNewYorkCity.NBAEntertainmentandNBATVstudiosaredirectedoutofofficeslocatedinSecaucus,NewJersey.
EasternConference
AtlanticBostonCelticsBoston,MATDGarden18,62442.366303°N71.062228°W1946
BrooklynNetsNewYork,NYBarclaysCenter17,73240.68265°N73.974689°W1967*1976
NewYorkKnicksNewYork,NYMadisonSquareGarden19,81240.750556°N73.993611°W1946
Philadelphia76ersPhiladelphia,PAWellsFargoCenter20,32839.901111°N75.171944°W1946*1949
TorontoRaptorsToronto,ONAirCanadaCentre19,80043.643333°N79.379167°W1995
CentralChicagoBullsChicago,ILUnitedCenter20,91741.880556°N87.674167°W1966
ClevelandCavaliersCleveland,OHQuickenLoansArena20,56241.496389°N81.688056°W1970
DetroitPistonsAuburnHills,MIThePalaceofAuburnHills21,23142.696944°N83.245556°W1941*1948
IndianaPacersIndianapolis,INBankersLifeFieldhouse18,16539.763889°N86.155556°W19671976
MilwaukeeBucksMilwaukee,WIBMOHarrisBradleyCenter18,71743.043611°N87.916944°W1968
SoutheastAtlantaHawksAtlanta,GAPhilipsArena18,04733.757222°N84.396389°W1946*1949
CharlotteHornetsCharlotte,NCTimeWarnerCableArena19,07735.225°N80.839167°W1988*
MiamiHeatMiami,FLAmericanAirlinesArena19,60025.781389°N80.188056°W1988
OrlandoMagicOrlando,FLAmwayCenter18,84628.539167°N81.383611°W1989
WashingtonWizardsWashington,D.C.VerizonCenter20,35638.898056°N77.020833°W1961*
WesternConference
NorthwestDenverNuggetsDenver,COPepsiCenter19,15539.748611°N105.0075°W19671976
MinnesotaTimberwolvesMinneapolis,MNTargetCenter19,35644.979444°N93.276111°W1989
OklahomaCityThunderOklahomaCity,OKChesapeakeEnergyArena18,20335.463333°N97.515°W1967*
PortlandTrailBlazersPortland,ORModaCenter19,44145.531667°N122.666667°W1970
UtahJazzSaltLakeCity,UTVivintSmartHomeArena19,91140.768333°N111.901111°W1974*
PacificGoldenStateWarriorsOakland,CAOracleArena19,59637.750278°N122.203056°W1946*
LosAngelesClippersLosAngeles,CAStaplesCenter19,06034.043056°N118.267222°W1970*
LosAngelesLakersLosAngeles,CAStaplesCenter18,99734.043056°N118.267222°W1947*1948
PhoenixSunsPhoenix,AZTalkingStickResortArena18,05533.445833°N112.071389°W1968
SacramentoKingsSacramento,CASleepTrainArena17,31738.649167°N121.518056°W1923*1948
SouthwestDallasMavericksDallas,TXAmericanAirlinesCenter19,20032.790556°N96.810278°W1980
HoustonRocketsHouston,TXToyotaCenter18,05529.750833°N95.362222°W1967*
MemphisGrizzliesMemphis,TNFedExForum18,11935.138333°N90.050556°W1995*
NewOrleansPelicansNewOrleans,LASmoothieKingCenter16,86729.948889°N90.081944°W2002*
SanAntonioSpursSanAntonio,TXAT&TCenter
RegularSeason
Followingthesummerbreak,teamsbegintrainingcampsinlateSeptember.Trainingcampsallowthecoachingstafftoevaluateplayers(especiallyrookies),scouttheteam'sstrengthsandweaknesses,preparetheplayersfortherigorousregularseason,anddeterminethe12-manactiveroster(anda3-maninactivelist)withwhichtheywillbegintheregularseason.TeamshavetheabilitytoassignplayerswithlessthantwoyearsofexperiencetotheNBAdevelopmentleague.Aftertrainingcamp,aseriesofpreseasonexhibitiongamesareheld.Preseasonmatchesaresometimesheldinnon-NBAcities,bothintheUnitedStatesandoverseas.TheNBAregularseasonbeginsinthelastweekofOctober.
Duringtheregularseason,eachteamplays82games,41eachhomeandaway.Ateamfacesopponentsinitsowndivisionfourtimesayear(16games).Eachteamplayssixoftheteamsfromtheothertwodivisionsinitsconferencefourtimes(24games),andtheremainingfourteamsthreetimes(12games).Finally,eachteamplaysalltheteamsintheotherconferencetwiceapiece(30games).Thisasymmetricalstructuremeansthestrengthofschedulewillvarybetweenteams(butnotassignificantlyastheNFLorMLB).Overfiveseasons,eachteamwillhaveplayed80gamesagainsttheirdivision(20gamesagainsteachopponent,10athome,10ontheroad),180gamesagainsttherestoftheirconference(18gamesagainsteachopponent,9athome,9ontheroad),and150gamesagainsttheotherconference(10gamesagainsteachteam,5athome,5ontheroad).
TheNBAisoneofonlytwoofthefourmajorprofessionalsportsleaguesintheUnitedStatesandCanadainwhichteamsplayeveryotherteamduringtheregularseason(theotherbeingtheNationalHockeyLeague).Eachteamhostsandvisitseveryotherteamatleastonceeveryseason.From2005to2008,theNBAhadthedistinctionofbeingtheonlyoneofthefourmajorleaguesinwhichallteamsplayeveryotherteam.
TheNBAisalsotheonlyleaguethatregularlyschedulesgamesonChristmasDay.[41]Theleaguehasbeenplayinggamesregularlyontheholidaysince1947,[42]thoughthefirstChristmasDaygamesweren'tteleviseduntil1983–84.[43]Gamesplayedonthisdayhavefeaturedsomeofthebestteamsandplayers.[41][42][43]ChristmasisalsonotableforNBAontelevision,astheholidayiswhenthefirstNBAgamesaironnetworktelevisioneachseason.[42][43]Gamesplayedonthisdayhavebeensomeofthehighest-ratedgamesduringaparticularseason.
InFebruary,theregularseasonpausestocelebratetheannualNBAAll-StarGame.FansvotethroughouttheUnitedStates,Canada,andontheInternet,andthetopvote-gettersateachpositionineachconferencearegivenastartingspotontheirconference'sAll-Starteam.Coachesvotetochoosetheremaining14All-Stars.Then,EasternconferenceplayersfacetheWesternconferenceplayersintheAll-Stargame.TheplayerwiththebestperformanceduringthegameisrewardedwithaGameMVPaward.OtherattractionsoftheAll-StarbreakincludetheRisingStarsChallenge(originallyRookieChallenge),wherethetoprookiesandsecond-yearplayersintheNBAplayina5-on-5basketballgame,withthecurrentformatpittingU.S.playersagainstthosefromtherestoftheworld;theSkillsChallenge,whereplayerscompetetofinishanobstaclecourseconsistingofshooting,passing,anddribblinginthefastesttime;theThreePointContest,whereplayerscompetetoscorethemostamountofthree-pointfieldgoalsinagiventime;andtheNBASlamDunkContest,whereplayerscompetetodunktheballinthemostentertainingwayaccordingtothejudges.Theseotherattractionshavevaryingnameswhichincludethenamesofthevarioussponsorswhohavepaidfornamingrights.
ShortlyaftertheAll-Starbreakisthetradedeadline,whichissettofallonthe16thThursdayoftheseason(usuallyinFebruary)at3pmEasternTime.[44][45]Afterthisdate,teamsarenotallowedtoexchangeplayerswitheachotherfortheremainderoftheseason,althoughtheymaystillsignandreleaseplayers.Majortradesareoftencompletedrightbeforethetradingdeadline,makingthatdayahectictimeforgeneralmanagers.
AroundthemiddleofApril,theregularseasonends.Itisduringthistimethatvotingbeginsforindividualawards,aswellastheselectionofthehonorary,league-wide,post-seasonteams.TheSixthManoftheYearAwardisgiventothebestplayercomingoffthebench(musthavemoregamescomingoffthebenchthanactualgamesstarted).TheRookieoftheYearAwardisawardedtothemostoutstandingfirst-yearplayer.TheMostImprovedPlayerAwardisawardedtotheplayerwhoisdeemedtohaveshownthemostimprovementfromthepreviousseason.TheDefensivePlayeroftheYearAwardisawardedtotheleague'sbestdefender.TheCoachoftheYearAwardisawardedtothecoachthathasmadethemostpositivedifferencetoateam.TheMostValuablePlayerAwardisgiventotheplayerdeemedthemostvaluablefor(histeam)thatseason.Additionally,SportingNewsawardsanunofficial(butwidelyrecognized)ExecutiveoftheYearAwardtothegeneralmanagerwhoisadjudgedtohaveperformedthebestjobforthebenefitofhisfranchise.
Thepost-seasonteamsaretheAll-NBATeam,theAll-DefensiveTeam,andtheAll-RookieTeam;eachconsistsoffiveplayers.TherearethreeAll-NBAteams,consistingofthetopplayersateachposition,withfirst-teamstatusbeingthemostdesirable.TherearetwoAll-Defensiveteams,consistingofthetopdefendersateachposition.TherearealsotwoAll-Rookieteams,consistingofthetopfirst-yearplayersregardlessofposition.
Playoff
NBAPlayoffsbegininlateApril,witheightteamsineachconferencecompetingfortheChampionship.Thethreedivisionwinners,alongwiththeteamwiththenextbestrecordfromtheconferencearegiventhetopfourseeds.Thenextfourteamsintermsofrecordaregiventhelowerfourseeds.
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