北京市成人本科学士学位真题5.docx

北京市成人本科学士学位真题5.docx

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北京市成人本科学士学位真题5

北京英语统一考试2013.05.11　Passage1

　　Isthat6a.m.workoutgettinginthewayofgoodsleep?

Don’tthinkyourfatcellswon’tnotice.AnewstudypublishedinTheAnnalsofInternalMedicine（amedicaljournal）findsthatinadequateshut-eyehasaharmfuleffectonfatcells,reducingtheirabilitytorespondtoinsulin（胰岛素）byabout30percent.Overthelong-term,thisdecreasedresponsecouldsetthestagefortype-2diabetes（amedicalconditioninwhichsomeonehastoomuchsugarinhisorherblood）,fattyliverdiseaseandweightgain.

　　Thestudyaddstoagrowingbodyofevidencethatthere’“anintimaterelationshipbetweentheamountofsleepwegetandourabilitytomaintainagood,healthybodyweight,”sayssleepexpertHeleneEmsellem,directoroftheCenterforSleepandWakeDisordersinChevyChase,Maryland.（76）ButAmericansdon’tseemtobegettingthemessagethatweneedseventoninehoursparnight.Morethan1in5ofus,accordingtoareportfromtheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,isgettingsixorfewerhoursofsleeppernight,onaverage.

　　SohowdidresearchersstudyfatcellsintheAnnalspaper?

MatthewBradyoftheUniversityofChicagoandagroupofcolleaguesselectedandpersuadedsevenvolunteerstotakepartintheresearchproject.Theywereallyoung,thinandhealthyandagreedtosleepforeightnightsinasleeplab.“Forfournightstheywereallowedtostayinbedfor8.5hoursanight,”saysBrady.Then,amonthlater,theycamebackforfouradditionalnights——butthistimetheywereallowedjust4.5hoursofsleeppernight.Andaftereachvisit,researchersgotasampleoftheirfat.（77）Bradyexplainsthatthefatcellsrespondedsignificantlytothelossofsleep.“Iwasverysurprisedtobehonest,”hesays.

　　Badthingscanhappenwhenfatcellsbecomelessresponsivetoinsulin.“Fatcellsareactuallyyourfriend,”hesays.“They’retheretostorelipids（血脂）.”Whenlipidsstayinsidethecells,yourbodycanutilizethefatwhenyou’reexercisingorsleepingorgoingaboutyourday.“However,whenfatcellsstaretobecomeinsulinresistant,thelipidsstartoleachoutofthefatcellsandriseinthebloodstream,”Bradysays.

　　1.Accordingtothepassage,lackofsleepforalongwhilecanprobablyleadtoallofthefollowingEXCEPT_____.

　　A.heartdiseaseB.weightgainC.diabetesD.liverdisease

　　2.Themainideaofthethirdparagraphis_____

　　A.howtowriteamedicalresearchpaper

　　B.howtoavoidsleeploss

　　C.howtheresearchwasconducted

　　D.howtoconductamedicalexperiment

　　3.Whatdoesthe“leach”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?

　　A.Leap.B.Lead.C.Lean.D.Leak.

　　4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

　　A.Wewillbeintroubleifourfatcellsbecomelessresponsivetoinsulin.

　　B.Moreandmorestudiesaredonetostudythelindbetweensleepandweight.

　　C.Morethan20%ofAmericansarenotgettingenoughsleep.

　　D.Fatcellsaretheretohelpusmaintainagoodhealth.

　　5.Whichofthefollowingisanappropriatetitleforthispassage?

　　A.PoorSleepMayLeadtoTooMuchStoredFatandDisease

　　B.SleepExpertsHadExcitingFindingsinaFatStudy

　　C.AmericansShouldHaveMoreThanSixHoursofSleep

　　D.BadThingsHappenifFatCellsBecomeOurFriend

　　Passage2

　　Thetopoftheworldisawonderland.Inwinter,thetemperatureoftenfallsto-30°Fandthesunneverrises.Theoceanissurroundedbyfrozenground.Therearefewpeopleortrees,buttopolarbears,theArctic（北极）ishome.

　　（78）Polarbearshavethickfur,bigpawsandotherfeaturesthatmakethemwellpreparedforlifeintheirtoughenvironment.Infact,theyneedtheArcticseaiceforsurvival.Butclimatechangeiscausinglargerandlargerareasofsummerseaicetomelt（融化）.Expertssaythatifwarmingpatternscontinue,theArcticcouldbefreeofsummerseaiceby2050.Thatmaycausetwo-thirdsoftheworld's20,000polarbearstobegonebythentoo.

　　Polarbearscan'tsurviveforlongonland.Sealsaretheirmainsourceoffood.Theonlyplacewherepolarbearscanhuntsealsisontheice.（79）Althoughthesebearsarestrongswimmers,theyarenomatchforlightningswiftsealsinthewater.Apolarbearhasbrilliantlycleverstrategiestoovercomethisdisadvantage.Inwinterthebearwaitsmotionlessbesideaseal'sbreathinghole,whichisanarrowtunnelthroughtheice.Oftenmanyhourspassbeforethesealcomesupforairandthebearkillsitwithapowerfulblowofitspaw.Insummer,thepolarbearsthatliveonlandeatverylittleandwaitfortheseaicetoreturn.

　　Withtheseaiceforminglaterintheyearandmeltingearlier,polarbearsdonothaveenoughopportunitytohuntandeat.Lessseaicemakesitharderforthebearstocatchtheseals.Thebearsmustswimlongerdistancesbetweenicepacks（大片浮冰）,andtheycan'talwaysmakeit.Theiceisalsogettingthinner.Theseconditionscancausepolar-bearcabstobecomeseparatedfromtheirmothers,whoprovidethemwithfood.

　　StevenAmstrupisthechiefscientistofPolarBearsInternational.Thegroupaimstosavethebearsandtheirhome."Themorepeoplewhoseepolarbearsandunderstandtheirdifficultsituation,thebetterthechancewe'llalterourwarmingpathintimetosavethem,"hesays.

　　6.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?

　　A.ClimateChangeintheArcticB.HowtoProtecttheEnvironment

　　C.TheArcticTsHometoPolarBearsD.PolarBearsinDanger

　　7.Wheredopolarbearsusuallyhuntseals?

　　A.OnlandB.Inopenwater.

　　C.Inopeningsintheseaice.D.Atthebottomofthesea.

　　8.Theword"cubs"inthefourthparagraphisclosestinmeaningto_____

　　A.adultsB.babiesC.huntersD.enemies

　　9.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

　　A.Starvingpolarbearsareincreasinglycomingintovillages,wheretheymaybekilledeitherforfoodorsafety.

　　B.Polarbearscanspendtheirentirelivesonlandiftheseaicemeltscompletely.

　　C.Two-thirdsoftheworld'spolarbearsmaydisappearby2050asglobalwarmingcontinues.

　　D.Thegrowingdistancebetweenicepacksisnotaproblemforpolarbears,becausetheyareexcellentswimmers.

　　10.What'sthemissionofPolarBearsInternational?

　　A.Savingenergy.

　　B.Conductingscientificresearch.

　　C.Seekinginternationalcooperation.

　　D.Savingpolarbearsandtheirhome.

　　Passage3

　　Imagineaschoolthatexpecteditsstudentstobecomeliterate（有读写能力的）withoutanyformalinstruction.Mostparentswouldbealarmedbysuchanapproach,whichwouldleavetheirchildrenconfusedandwithgapsintheirunderstanding.Thishoweverhasbeenthephilosophyoncharacterdevelopmentinmanyofourschools.Whyisthedevelopmentofcharacterseenassomehowdifferentfromtheotherskillsthatweteach?

　　Ofcoursetherewillalwaysbelearningbyosmosis（耳濡目染）inanyschool,butasateacherandprimaryschoolheadIhavefoundthatachild'smoralliteracyisstrengthenedwhentheyacquirethebuildingblocksofgoodcharactersuchasconsideration,courageandhonor:

qualitieswhicharecommonlyknownasvirtue（美德）.

　　Ipersonallyfindthatexploringavirtueoveratwo-weekperiodprovidesasimpleandeffectiveprogramthatallowsforthecreativeinputofbothteacherandstudentandachanceforthevirtuetoembed（使融入）itself.Oncealessononavirtuesuchashonestyhasbeencompletedweneedtoallowtimeforchildrentopracticethisconceptjustaswouldbethecasewithfractionsorverbs.Allowingchildrentoroleplayasituationsuchasmakingupexcusestocoveramistakecanbeenormouslyinteresting,andthedramacanbefrozenallowingthecharacterstobequestionedabouttheirfeelingsandmotives.（80）It'salsoasafewayforchildrentoexperienceforthemselveshowalieusuallygoesoutofcontrol.

　　Ourroleaseducatorsisalsotolookforopportunitiestohelpourstudentsastheyattempttostrengthentheircharacters.Whensomethinggoeswrongweguidetheyoungpersontothevirtuethatwillpreventitfromhappeningagain.Forinstance,whenamstudentthoughtlesslydisturbsthecalmatmosphereofthelibrary,insteadofaresponsesuchas,"thatwasreallydisrespectfulandselfishofyou!

"wedrawoutfromthemtherequiredvirtue:

"Whenyou'rewalkingthroughthelibrary,whatvirtuesdoyouneedtouse?

"

　　11.Whichofthefollowingisthemainideaofthispassage?

　　A.Teachingmoralsandvalueshasbeenafrequentlydiscussedtopicinthepastfewyears.

　　B.Theauthorandhisstaffembedvirtuesintolessonsandschoollifetoencouragecharacterdevelopmentinchildren.

　　C.Kidsthroughoutthepopulationfacethesameneeds,thesamechallenges,andthesamerealitiesintheirlives.

　　D.RoleplaysareanexcellentwayofgettingstudentstopracticetheirEnglish.

　　12.Wecaninferfromthefirstparagraphthat_.

　　A.theretendstobedisagreementaboutwhatcharactereducationis

　　B.mostparentsarenotsatisfiedwiththeteachingmethodsadoptedinschools

　　C.theapproachtocharactereducationisgenerallyconsidereddifferentfromtheapproachestootherskills

　　D.moreandmoreschoolsareadoptingstrategiestoimproveschoolattendance

　　13.Theword"philosophy"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto_

　　A.studyB.subject

　　C.viewpointD.investigation

　　14.Theauthorisa_____

　　A.teacherB.librarianC.reporterD.manage

　　15.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassageasawaytobuildcharacterinchildren?

　　A.Storyreadingsanddiscussions.B.Osmosis.

C.Takingeveryopportunitytoteachcharacter.D.Roleplay.

　　PartIIVocabularyandStructure （30%）

　　16.Somuch_______abouthisshipsontheseathathedi