六级阅读解析.docx

六级阅读解析.docx

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六级阅读解析

2006年6月大学英语六级考试真题（阅读部分）

PartⅡReadingComprehension（35minutes）

Directions:

Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarked［A］,［B］,［C］and［D］.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.

PassageOne

Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

In1854mygreat-grandfather,MorrisMarable,wassoldonanauctionblockinGeorgiafor$500.Forhiswhiteslavemaster,thesalewasjust“businessasusual”.ButtoMorrisMarableandhisheirs,slaverywasacrimeagainstourhumanity.ThispatternofhumanrightsviolationsagainstenslavedAfrican-Americanscontinuedunderracialsegregationfornearlyanothercentury.

ThefundamentalproblemofAmericandemocracyinthe21stcenturyistheproblemof“structuralracism”:

thedeeppatternsofsocio-economicinequalityandaccumulateddisadvantagethatarecodedbyrace,andconstantlyjustifiedinpublicspeechesbybothraciststereotypesandwhiteindifference.DoAmericanshavethecapacityandvisiontoremovethesestructuralbarriersthatdenydemocraticrightsandopportunitiestomillionsoftheirfellowcitizens?

Thiscountryhaspreviouslywitnessedtwogreatstrugglestoachieveatrulymulticulturaldemocracy.

ThefirstReconstruction（1865-1877）endedslaveryandbrieflygaveblackmenvotingrights,butgavenomeaningfulcompensationfortwocenturiesofunpaidlabor.Thepromiseof“40acresandamule（骡子）”wasformostblacksadreamdeferred（尚未实现的）.

TheSecondConstruction（1954-1968）,orthemoderncivilrightsmovement,endedlegalsegregationinpublicaccommodationsandgaveblacksvotingrights.ButthesesuccessesparadoxicallyobscurethetremendoushumancostsofhistoricallyaccumulatedisadvantagethatremaincentraltoblackAmericans’lives.

Thedisproportionatewealththatmostwhitesenjoytodaywasfirstconstructedfromcenturiesofunpaidblacklabor.Manywhiteinstitutions,includingsomeleadinguniversities,insurancecompaniesandbanks,profitedfromslavery.Thispatternofwhiteprivilegeandblackinequalitycontinuestoday.

Demandingreparations（赔偿）isnotjustaboutcompensationforslaveryandsegregation.Itis,moreimportant,aneducationalcampaigntohighlightthecontemporaryrealityof“racialdeficits”ofallkinds,theunequalconditionsthatimpactblacksregardlessofclass.Structuralracism’sbarriersinclude“equityinequity”,theabsenceofblackcapitalformationthatisadirectconsequenceofAmerican’shistory.Onethirdofallblackhouseholdsactuallyhavenegativenetwealth.In1998thetypicalblackfamily’snetwealthwas$16,400,lessthanonefifththatofwhitefamilies.Blackfamiliesaredeniedhomeloansattwicetherateofwhites.

Blacksremainsthelasthiredandfirstfiredduringrecessions.Duringthe1990-91recession,African-Americanssuffereddisproportionately.AtCoca-Cola,42percentofemployeeswholosttheirjobswereblacks.AtSears,54percentwereblack.Blackshavesignificantlyshorterlifespans,inpartduetoracisminthehealthestablishment.Blacksarestatisticallylesslikelythanwhitestobereferredforkidneytransplantsorearly-stagecancersurgery.

21.Totheauthor,theauctionofhisgreat-grandfatherisatypicalexampleof________.

［A］racialconflictsinGeorgia［B］racialsegregationinAmerica

［C］crimeagainsthumanity［D］unfairbusinesstransaction

22.Thebarriertodemocracyin21stcenturyAmericais________.

［A］denialoflegalrightstoordinaryblacks［B］widespreaduseofraciststereotypes

［C］prejudiceagainstminoritygroups［D］deep-rootedsocio-economicinequality

23.WhatproblemremainsunsolvedinthetwoReconstructions?

［A］Theinterestsofblacksarenotprotectedbylaw.［B］Differencesbetweenracesaredeliberatelyobscured.

［C］Theblacksarenotcompensatedfortheirunpaidlabor.［D］Thereisnoguaranteeforblackstoexercisetheirrights.

24.Itisclearthatthewealthenjoyedbymostwhites________.

［A］hasresultedfrombusinesssuccessesovertheyears［B］hasbeenaccumulatedfromgenerationsofslavery

［C］hasderivedfromsizableinvestmentsineducation［D］hasbeenaccompaniedbyblackcapitalformation

25.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthecurrentsituationregardingracialdiscriminator?

［A］Amajorstephasbeentakentowardsreparations.［B］Littlehasbeendonetoensureblacks’civilrights.

［C］Inequalityofmanykindsremainsvirtuallyuntouched.［D］Racismisnotamajorobstacletoblacks’employment.

PassageTwo

Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

AgehasitsprivilegesinAmerica,andoneofthemoreprominentofthemistheseniorcitizendiscount.Anyonewhohasreachedacertainage—insomecaseaslowas55—isautomaticallyentitledtoadazzlingarrayofpricereductionsatnearlyeverylevelofcommerciallife.Eligibilityisdeterminednotbyone’sneedbutbythedateonone’sbirthcertificate.Practicallyunheardofagenerationago,thediscountshavebecomearoutinepartofmanybusinesses-ascommonascolortelevisionsinmotelroomsandfreecoffeeonairlines.

Peoplewithgrayhairoftenaregiventhediscountswithoutevenaskingforthem;yet,millionsofAmericansaboveage60arehealthyandsolvent（有支付能力的）.Businessthatwouldneverdareofferdiscountstocollegestudentsoranyoneunder30freelyofferthemtoolderAmericans.Thepracticeisacceptablebecauseofthewidespreadbeliefthat“elderly”and“needy”aresynonymous（同义的）.Perhapsthatoncewastrue,buttodayelderlyAmericansasagrouphavealowerpovertyratethantherestofthepopulation.Tobesure,thereiseconomicdiversitywithintheelderly,andmanyolderAmericansarepoor.Butmostofthemaren’t.

Itisimpossibletodeterminetheimpactofthediscountsonindividualcompanies.Formanyfirms,theyareastimulustorevenue.Butinothercasesthediscountsaregivenattheexpense,directlyorindirectly,ofyoungerAmericans.Moreover,theyareadirectirritantinwhatsomepoliticiansandscholarsseeasacomingconflictbetweenthegenerations.

GenerationaltensionsarebeingfueledbycontinuingdebateoverSocialSecuritybenefits,whichmostlyinvolvesatransferofresourcesfromtheyoungtotheold.Employmentisanothersorepoint.Buoyed（支持）bylawsandcourtdecisions,moreandmoreolderAmericansaredecliningtheretirementdinnerinfavorofstayingonthejob—therebylesseningemploymentandpromotionopportunitiesforyoungerworkers.

Farfromakindofcharitytheyoncewere,seniorcitizendiscountshavebecomeaformidableeconomicprivilegetoagroupwithmillionsofmemberswhodon’tneedthem.

Itnolongermakessensetotreattheelderlyasasinglegroupwhoseeconomicneedsdeservepriorityoverthoseofothers.Seniorcitizendiscountsonlyenhancethemyththatolderpeoplecan’ttakecareofthemselvesandneedspecialtreatment;andtheythreatenthecreationofanewmyth,thattheelderlyareungratefulandtakingforthemselvesattheexpenseofchildrenandotheragegroups.SeniorcitizendiscountsaretheessenceoftheverythingolderAmericansarefightingagainst—discriminationbyage.

26.Welearnfromthefirstparagraphthat________.

［A］seniorcitizenshavetoshowtheirbirthcertificatestogetadiscount

［B］givingseniorcitizensdiscountshasboostedthemarketfortheelderly

［C］seniorcitizendiscountshaveenabledmanyoldpeopletoliveinadecentlife

［D］offeringseniorcitizensdiscountshasbecomeroutinecommercialpractice

27.Whatassumptionliesbehindthepracticeofseniorcitizendiscounts?

［A］Theelderly,beingfinanciallyunderprivileged,needhumanehelpfromsociety.

［B］Businesses,havingmadealotofprofits,shoulddosomethingforsocietyinreturn.

［C］Oldpeopleareentitledtospecialtreatmentforthecontributiontheymadetosociety.

［D］SeniorcitizendiscountscanmakeupfortheinadequacyoftheSocialSecuritysystem.

28.Accordingtosomepoliticiansandscholars,seniorcitizendiscountswill________.

［A］haveadversefinancialimpactonbusinesscompanies［B］bringamarkedincreaseinthecompanies’revenues

［C］makeoldpeopleevenmoredependentonsociety［D］intensifyconflictsbetweentheyoungandtheold

29.HowdoestheauthorviewtheSocialSecuritysystem?

［A］Itencourageselderlypeopletoretireintime.［B］Itbenefitstheoldattheexpenseoftheyoung.

［C］Itshouldbereinforcedbylawsandcourtdecisions.［D］Itopensupbroadcareerprospectsforyoungpeople.

30.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizestheauthor’smainargument?

［A］Priorityshouldbegiventotheeconomicneedsofseniorcitizens.

［B］Seniorcitizensshouldfighthardagainstagediscrimination.

［C］Theelderlyareselfishandtakingseniordiscountsforgranted.

［D］Seniorcitizendiscountsmaywellbeatypeofagediscrimination.

PassageThree

Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Therearegoodreasonstobetroubledbytheviolencethatspreadsthroughoutthemedia.Movies,televisionandvideogamesarefullofgunplayandbloodshed,andonemightreasonablyaskwhat’swrongwithasocietythatpresentsvideosofdomesticviolenceasentertainment.

Mostresearchersagreethatthecausesofreal-worldviolencearecomplex.A1993studybytheUSNationalAcademyofScienceslisted“biological,individual,family,peer,school,andcommunityfactors”asallplayingtheirparts.

Viewingabnormallylargeamountsofviolenttelevisionandvideogamesmaywellcontributetoviolentbehaviorincertainindividuals.Thetroublecomeswhenresearchersdownplayun