六级阅读.docx

六级阅读.docx

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六级阅读

Intoday'sworld,insuranceplaysavitalroleintheeconomicandsocialwelfareoftheentirepopulation.Thewishtoguardagainstdangerstolifeandpropertyisbasictohumannature.Byusingvariouskindsofinsurance,societyhasbeenabletoreducetheeffectsofsuchhazards.

　　Nowhereisinsurancemoreimportantthaninthemanagementofabusiness.Inmanyinstances,lossesinasmallfirmcanmeanthedifferencebetweengrowthandfailure,vitalityandstagnation（停滞）.Veryfewsmallbusinesseshaveevenaportionofthefinancialresourcesavailabletolargerenterprises.Frequently,theymustoperateonaveryslightmarginiftheyhopetostayinbusiness.Andthus,theyareparticularlysensitivetounexpectedlosses.

　　Withoutenoughinsurance,whathappenstosuchafirmwhentheownerdiesorissuddenlydisabled?

Whenafirebreaksoutanddestroysthefirm'sbuildingorstock?

Whenanemployeeisfoundtohavestolencompanyfunds?

Whenacustomerisawardedaliabilityjudgmentforanaccident?

Toooften,thebusinessisforcedtothewall,itsfutureoperationsdrasticallycurbed;sometimes,itisdamagedbeyondrepair,itsabilitytocontinuecompletelycrushed.

　　Almostalways,asmallbusinessmanwouldfinditimpossibletohandlethefullburdenofhispotentialrisk.Theamountofmoneyhewouldhavetosetasidetocoverpossiblelosseswouldleavehimnothing,oralmostnothing,torunhisbusinesswith.Iflossweretooccurwhichhecouldrepairbyusinghisreservefund,whatassurancewouldhehavethatanotherloss—thesamekindordifferent—mightnotoccurnextweek,nextmonth?

Butthenhewouldhavenoreservefundandlittlelikelihoodofstayinginbusinessatall.

1.Thisselectiondealsmainlywith_______.

　　A.therelationbetweeninsuranceandsociety

　　B.accidentsandlosses

　　C.businessfailures

　　D.theimportanceofinsurancetobusiness

2.InParagraph3,"forcedtothewall"means"_______".

　　A.driventodespairB.stayinginastrongposition

　　C.doingwellD.climbingup

3.Theauthorthinksthat_______.

　　A.accidentsalwayshappen

　　B.abusinessmanshouldtakerisks

　　C.businessesshouldhaveadequateinsurance

　　D.insuranceisasocialwelfareproject

4.AdequateinsurancewilldoallofthefollowingEXCEPTthatitwill_______.

　　A.freesomebusinessfundsB.addtobenefitsforemployees

　　C.relievesomemanagementproblemsD.provideforunexpectedincidents

5.Theword"curbed"inParagraph3isnearestinmeaningto_______.

　　A.checkedB.advanced

　　C.expandedD.disturbed

答案：

1.D2.A3.C4.B5.A 

Inrecentyears,wehaveallwatchedtheincreasingcommercializationofthecampus.Thenumerousadvertisingpostersandthegoldenarchesoffastfoodoutletsmaybeaninsulttoouraestheticsensibilities,buttheyare,arguably,noworsethanugly.Someoftheothernewfeaturesofcommercializedcampuslifedo,however,constituteaseriousthreattothingswerightlyrespect."Privatization"andthe"businessmodel"arethepotentialmenace.

Whatdothesenotionsmean?

Tome,theyinvolveanincreaseddependenceonindustryandcharitableactionsforoperatingtheuniversity;anincreasedamountofourresourcesbeingdirectedtoappliedorso-calledpracticalSubjects,bothinteachingandinresearch;aproprietary（所有权的，所有人的）treatmentofresearchresults,withthecommercialinterestinsecrecyoverridingthepublic'sinterestinfree,sharedknowledge;andanattempttoruntheuniversitymorelikeabusinessthattreatsindustryandstudentsasclientsandourselvesasserviceproviderswithsomethingtosell.Wepayincreasingattentiontotheimmediateneedsanddemandsofour"customers"and,astheoldsayinggoes,"thecustomerisalwaysright".

Privatizationisparticularlyfrighteningfromthepointofviewofpublicwell-being.Aresearcheremployedbyauniversity-affiliatedhospitalinCanada,workingundercontractwithamedicine-makingcompany,madepublicherfindingsthataparticulardrugwasharmful.Thisviolatedthetermsofhercontract,andsoshewasfired.Herdismissalcausedascandal,andshewassubsequentlyrestoredtoherpreviousposition.Theuniversityandhospitalinquestionarenowworkingoutsomethingsimilartotenure（终身任职）forhospital-basedresearchersandguidelinesforcontracts,sothatmorepublicexposureofprivatelyfundedresearchwillbecomepossible.Thisisararevictoryandasmallstepintherightdirection,butthegeneraltrendistheotherway.Thankstoprofit-drivenprivatefunding,researchersarenotonlyforcedtokeepvaluableinformationsecret,theyareoftencontractuallyobligedtokeepdiscovereddangerstopublichealthunderwraps,too.Ofcourse,wemustnotbetoonaiveaboutthis.Governmentscanunwiselyinsistonsecrecy,too,asdidtheBritishMinistryofAgriculture,Fisheries,andFoodintheworktheyfundedinconnectionwiththebovinespongiformencephalopathy（牛脑海绵体病）epidemic.Thispreventedothersfromreviewingtherelevant,dataandpointingoutthatproblemsweremoreserousthangovernmentwaslettingon.

57.Fromthefirstparagraphwecanlearnthatthecampuslifehasbecome

[A]moreconvenient　　[B]ratherugly[C]somewhatharmful　　[D]nomoreaestheticthanbefore

58."Privatization"andthe"businessmodel"inthispassagemostprobablymean

[A]potentialmenacetolife　[B]newfeaturesofcampuslife

[C]newtrendoncampus　[D]dependenceonindustryandcharities

59.Theauthorbelievesthatweshouldpay

[A]littleattentiontoappliedsubjects　

[B]dueattentiontothepublicinterestinfree,sharedknowledge

[C]moreattentiontotheimmediateneedsanddemandsofourcustomers

[D]considerableattentiontothecommercialinterestinthesecrecyofresearchresults

60.Theresearchermentionedinthethird.paragraphwasfiredbecause

[A]sheworkedfortherivalofthecompany

[B]shefailedtokeepherresearchresultssecret

[C]shewasobligedtokeepherdiscoveriessecret

[D]shewascommittedtoacontractwithacompany

61.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat

[A]thegeneralpublicistoonaivetoacceptthe"privatization"

[B]thenotionthat"thecustomerisalwaysright"isoutofdate

[C]itisageneraltrendthattherewillbemorepublicdisclosureofprivatelyfundedresearch

[D]thebovinespongiformencephalopathyepidemicinBritainwasmoreseriousthanwhatwasdisclosed

答案：

CBBDD

PresidentBushtouchedoffafirestormofcriticismfromcongressionalDemocrats,civilfightsgroupsandnewspapereditorialistsWednesdaywhenhedecidedtointerveneinaSupremeCourtcasechallengingracialpreferencesintheUniversityofMichiganadmissionspolicy.Thehowlsofprotestwerequickandloud.Judgingfromthenoise,onemightconcludethatthispresidentisinbigpoliticaltroubleashelookstoreelectionin2004.Afterall,withpublicuncertaintyabouttheeconomy,thepossibilityofwarwithIraq,increasedtensionswithNorthKoreadominatingtheheadlines,andDemocratshurlingbrickbatsatBushforeverythingfromhiseconomicstimulusplanthattheysayfavorstherichtowhattheyseeashisabandonmentofminoritiesbyopposingtheMichigancase,hewouldappeartobepoised（使平衡）onthebrinkofpoliticaldisaster.

Butishe?

Notyet.Hisstandingwiththepublicisstrongerthanoutwardpollnumberssuggest.MuchwasmadethispastweekofaUSATODAYCNNGallupPollthatshowedBush'sjobapprovalratingdippingbelow60%forthefirsttimesinceSept.11,to58%.Thatcausedmanytocommentthathemightbefollowingdownapathhisfatherpreviouslytrod.TheelderBushachievedsuccessinthePersianGulfWarbutsawhisjobratingserodesteadily,largelybecauseofwhatmanyreadasaninadequateresponsetoaslumpingeconomy.Hewasdeniedasecondterm.ButfortheyoungerBushtobeindangerofarepeat,hewouldhavetodosomethingthatbreaksthebondhehasformedwiththeAmericanpubliconapersonallevelsinceSept.11thattranscends

hispositionsonvariousissues.

ThesameUSATODAYpollthatshowedBush'soveralljob-approvalslipping,butstillgood,alsofoundthathisso-calledpolitical"vitalsigns"areremarkablystrong.TheysuggestthatregardlessofwhetherpeopleagreeordisagreewithBush'shandlingofspecificproblemsorissues,heretainsahighdegreeofrespect,trustandsupportforpushingboldlyaheadasheseesfit.MostwhosaidthequalitiesdonotapplyareDemocrats,WhomorethanlikelyarenotgoingtovoteforBushanyway.ItistheswingvotersthatBushmusthold,andthepollshowsthatmostindependentsrankBushpositivelyonthesemeasures,Healso"getssomeprettystrongratingsfromwomen,whotraditionallyleantowardDemocraticpresidentialcandidates.

SowhenBushmakesabolddecisiontofightterrorism,opposetheMichiganadmissionspolicyorforceSaddamHusseintodisarm,manymaydisagree.Buttheyratehimhighforleading,which,afterall,iswhatweelectourpresidentstodo.Andmostseehimashonest,willingtogetalongwithhispoliticalopponentsandaneffectivegovernmentmanager.AnalystssaythosevitalsignswillseeBushthroughtheroughtimes.

52.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheUniversityofMichigan

[A]carriesoutapreferentialpolicyforrecruitingminoritystudents

[B]comesintoopenconflictswithBush'seconomicstimulusplan

[C]putsBushintroublebyabandoningminoritystudentsinitsadmission

[D]isstronglyopposedtoBush'sforeignpolicies

53.Accordingtothepassage,thepollnumbersindicatethat

[A]Bush'sstandingwiththepublicisverystrong　　

[B]Bush'seconomicpackagewinswidespreadsupport

[C]publicsupportforBushisdeclining　

[D]Bushison