届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编阅读理解C篇带答案已校对珍藏版.docx

届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编阅读理解C篇带答案已校对珍藏版.docx

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届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编阅读理解C篇带答案已校对珍藏版

One【2019届上海市上海复旦大学附属中学高三英语上学期期中考试题】

III.ReadingComprehension

SectionB

Directions:

Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

C

Publicdistrustofscientistsstemsinpartfromtheblurringofboundariesbetweenscienceandtechnology,betweendiscoveryandmanufacture.Mostgovernments,perhapsallgovernments,justifypublicexpenditureonscientificresearchintermsoftheeconomicbenefitsthescientificenterprisehasbroughtinthepastandwillbringinthefuture.Politiciansremindtheirvotersofthesplendidmachines“ourscientists”haveinvented,thenewdrugstorelieveolddisorders,andthenewsurgicalequipmentandtechniquesbywhichpreviouslyunmanageableconditionsmaynowbetreatedandlivessaved.Atthesametime,thepoliticiansdemandofscientiststhattheytailortheirresearchto“economicsneeds”,andthattheyawardahigherprioritytoresearchproposalsthatare“nearthemarket”andcanbetranslatedintothegreatestreturnoninvestmentintheshortesttime.Dependent,astheyare,onpoliticiansformuchoftheirfunding,scientistshavelittlechoicebuttocomply.Liketherestofus,theyaremembersofasocietythatratesthecreationofwealthasthegreatestpossiblegood.Manyhavereservations,butkeepthemtothemselvesinwhattheyperceiveasaclimatehostiletothepursuitofunderstandingforitsownsakeandtheideaofaninquiring,creativespirit.

Insuchcircumstancesnooneshouldbetoohardonpeoplewhoaresuspiciousofconflictsofinterest.Whenwelearnthatthedistinguishedprofessorassuringusofthesafetyofaparticularproductholdsaconsultancywiththecompanymakingit,wecannotbeblamedforwonderingwhetherhisfeemightconceivablycloudhisprofessionaljudgment.Eveniftheprofessorholdsnoconsultancywithanyfirm,somepeoplemaystilldistrusthimbecauseofhisassociationwiththosewhodo,oratleastwonderaboutthesourceofsomeofhisresearchfunding.

Thisattitudecanhavedamagingeffects.Itquestionstheintegrityofindividualsworkinginaprofessionthatprizesintellectualhonestyasthesupremevirtue,andplaysintothehandsofthosewhowouldliketodiscreditscientistsbyrepresentingthemascorruptible.Thismakesiteasiertodismissallscientificpronouncements,butespeciallythosemadebythescientistswhopresentthemselvesas“experts”.Thescientistmostlikelytounderstandthesafetyofanuclearreactor,forexample,isanuclearengineer,andanuclearengineerismostlikelytobeemployedbythenuclearindustry.Ifanuclearengineerdeclaresthatareactorisunsafe,webelievehim,becauseclearlyitisnottohisadvantagetolieaboutit.Ifhetellsusitissafe,ontheotherhand,wedistrusthim,becausehemaywellbeprotectingtheemployerwhopayshissalary.

63.Whatisthechiefconcernofmostgovernmentswhenitcomestoscientificresearch?

A.Thereductionofpublicexpenditure.B.Quickeconomicreturns.

C.Thebudgetforaresearchproject.D.Supportfromthevoters.

64.Whywon’tscientistscomplainaboutthegovernment’spolicyconcerningscientificresearch?

A.Theyknowittakespatiencetowinsupportfromthepublic.

B.Theyrealizetheyworkina

nenvironmenthostiletothefreepursuitofknowledge.

C.Theythinkcompliancewithgovernmentpolicyisintheinterestsofthepublic.

D.Theyareaccustomedtokeepingtheiropinionstothemselves.

65.Accordingtotheauthor,peoplearesuspiciousoftheprofessionaljudgmentofscientistsbecause______.

A.someofthemdonotgiveprioritytointellectualhonesty

B.sometimestheyhidethesourceoftheirresearchfunding

C.theycouldbeinfluencedbytheirassociationwiththeprojectconcerned

D.theirpronouncementsoftenturnouttobewrong

66.Whydoestheauthorsaythatpublicdistrustofscientistscanhavedamagingeffects?

A.Scientiststhemselvesmaydoubtthevalueoftheirresearchfindings.

B.Peoplewillnotbelievescientistsevenwhentheytellthetruth.

C.Itmakesthingsdifficultforscientiststoseekresearchfunds.

D.Itmaywearouttheenthusiasmofscientistsforindependentresearch.

Keys:

63-66BBCB

Two【2019届上海市上海建平中学高三英语上学期期中考试题】

III.ReadingComprehension

SectionB

Directions:

Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

（C）

Whatisthesinglemosteffectivewaytoreducegreenhouse-gasemissions?

Govegetarian?

ReplanttheAmazon?

Cycletowork?

Noneoftheabove.Theansweris:

makeair-conditionersradicallybetter.Ononecalculation,replacingrefrigerants（制冷剂）thatdamagetheatmospherewouldreducetotalgreenhousegasesbytheequivalentof90bntonnesofCO2by2050.Makingtheunitsmoreenergy-efficientcoulddoublethat.

Air-conditioningisoneoftheworld’sgreatoverlookedindustries.Automobilesandair-conditionerswereinventedatroughlythesametime,andbothhavehadahugeimpactonwherepeopleliveandwork.Unlikecars,though,air-conditionershavedrawnlittlecriticismfortheirsocialimpact,emissionsorenergyefficiency.Mosthotcountriesdonothaverulestogoverntheirenergyuse.

Yetair-conditioninghasdonequitealotthingstobenefithumankind.IthastransformedproductivityinthetropicsandhelpedturnsouthernChinaintotheworkshopoftheworld.InEurope,itsspreadhaspusheddownheat-relateddeathstentimeslessthanwhatitwasin2003,when70,000people,mostofthemelderly,diedinaheatwave.Forchildren,air-conditionedclassroomsanddormitoriesareassociatedwithbettergradesatschool.

Environmentalistswhocallair-conditioning“aluxurywecannotafford”havehalfapoint,however.Inthenexttenyears,asmanyair-conditionerswillbeinstalledaroundtheworldaswereputinbetween1902（whenair-conditioningwasinvented）and2005.Untilenergycanbeproducedwithoutcarbonemissions,theseextramachineswillwarmtheworld.Atthemoment,therefore,air-conditionerscreateaviciouscycle.ThemoretheEarthwarms,themorepeopleneedthem.Butthemorethereare,thewarmertheworldwillbe.

Cuttingtheimpactofcoolingrequiresthreethings（beyondturningupthethermostat（温度调节器）tomakeroomslessArctic）.First,air-conditionersmustbecomemuchmoreefficient.Themostenergy-efficientmodelsonthemarkettodayconsumeonlyaboutone-thirdasmuchelectricityasaverageones.Minimumenergy-performancestandardsneedtoberaised,orintroducedincountriesthatlackthemaltogether,topushtheaverageunit’sperformanceclosertothestandardofthebest.

Next,manufacturersshouldstopusingdamagingrefrigerants.Onecategoryofthese,hydrofluorocarbons,isover1,000timesworsethancarbondioxidewhenitcomestotrappingheatintheatmosphere.Aninternationaldealtophaseoutthesepollutants,calledtheKigaliamendment,willcomeintoforcein2019.Foot-draggersshouldapproveandimplementit;Americaisonecountrythathasnotdoneso.

Last,morecouldbedonetodesignoffices,mallsandevencitiessotheydonotneedasmanyair-conditionersinthefirstplace.Morebuildingsshouldbebuiltwithoverhangingroofsorbalconiesforshade,orwithnaturalair-circulation.Simplypaintingroofswhitecanhelpkeeptemperaturesdown.

Bettermachinesarenecessary.Butcoolingasanoverallsystemneedstobeimprovedifair-conditioningistofulfilitspromisetomakepeoplehealthier,wealthierandwiser,withouttoohighanenvironmentalcost.Providingindoorsanctuariesofair-conditionedcomfortneednotcomeattheexpenseofanoverheatingworld.

63.Whydoestheauthorthinkair-conditioningisanoverlookedindustry？

A.Becausemanyhotcountrieshaven’tputtheenergy-controllingrulesintoforce.

B.Becauseithascausedthesameimpactonpeople’slifeandworkasautomobileshave.

C.Becauseithasbroughtgreateconomic,physical,andeducationalbenefitstohumans.

D.Becauseitdoesn’tgettheduecriticismforitsenvironmentalimpactasautomobilesdo.

64.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph4?

A.Thepriceofair-conditioningwillgoupduetothelargedemandforit.

B.Ahighenvironmentalcostwillcomealongwiththeair-conditioningservice.

C.Environmentalistsareexpectingextramachineswhichcanwarmtheworld.

D.Governmentspartiallyagreethatair-conditioningisaluxurywecannotafford.

65.Withregardtothemeasurestocuttheimpactofcooling,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

A.Manufacturersshouldonlystopusinghydrofluorocarbons.

B.Peopleshouldavoidturninguptheair-conditionerstohavecoolroomsonhotdays.

C.Peopleshouldadoptmoreenvironmentally-friendlymaterialswhendesigningbuildings.

D.Governmentsshouldgiveagreenlighttotheagreementoneliminatingthepollutants.

66.Theauthorwritesthispassageto_______.

A.arousepeople’sattentiontotheglobalwarming.

B.appealfortheglobaljointeffortstocombatglobalwarming.

C.givecredittoair-conditioningforitsgreatcontributionstohumans

D.offeranewperspectiveonhowtoreducegreenhousegassesemissions

Keys:

63-66DBCD

Three【2019届上海市七宝中学高三英语上学期期中考试题】

III.ReadingComprehension

SectionB

Directions:

Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choo