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注塑模具之模具设计与制造外文文献翻译中英文翻译
外文翻译:
InjectionmouldingforMoldDesignandManufacture
Themoldisthemanufacturingindustryimportantcraftfoundation,inourcountry,themoldmanufacturebelongstothespecialpurposeequipmentmanufacturingindustry.Chinaalthoughveryalreadystartstomakethemoldandtheusemold,butlong-termhasnotformedtheindustry.Straightstabs0centuries80'slaterperiods,theChinesemoldindustryonlythendrivesintothedevelopmentspeedway.Recentyears,notonlythestate-ownedmoldenterprisehadtheverybigdevelopment,thethreeinvestmentsenterprise,thevillagesandtowns(individual)themoldenterprise'sdevelopmentalsoquiterapidly.
AlthoughtheChinesemoldindustrialdevelopmentrapid,butcompareswiththedemand,obviouslyfallsshortofdemand,itsmaingapconcentratespreciselyto,large-scale,iscomplex,thelonglifemolddomain.Asaresultofinaspectandsoonmoldprecision,life,manufacturecycleandproductivity,Chinaandtheinternationalaveragehorizontalandthedevelopedcountrystillhadabiggerdisparity,therefore,neededmassivelytoimportthemoldeveryyear.
TheChinesemoldindustryexceptmustcontinuetosharpentheproductivity;fromnowonwillhaveemphaticallytotheprofessioninternalstructureadjustmentandthestate-of-artenhancement.Thestructureadjustmentaspect,mainlyistheenterprisestructuretothespecializedadjustment,theproductstructuretocentertheupscalemolddevelopment,totheimportandexportstructureimprovement,centertheupscaleautomobilecovermoldforminganalysisandthestructureimprovement,themulti-purposecompoundmoldandthecompoundprocessingandthelasertechnologyinthemolddesignmanufactureapplication,thehigh-speedcutting,thesuperfinishingandpolishedthetechnology,theinformationdirectiondevelops.
Therecentyears,themoldprofessionstructureadjustmentandtheorganizationalreformstepenlarges,mainlydisplayedin,large-scale,precise,wascomplex,thelonglife,centertheupscalemoldandthemoldstandardletterdevelopmentspeedishigherthanthecommonmoldproduct;Theplasticmoldandthecompressioncastingmoldproportionincreases;Specializedmoldfactoryquantityanditsproductivityincrease;"Thethreeinvestments"andtheprivateenterprisedevelopsrapidly;Thejointstocksystemtransformationstepspeedsupandsoon.Distributesfromthearealooked,takeZhujiangDeltaandYangtzeRiverdeltaascentralsoutheastcoastalareadevelopmentquicklytomid-westarea,southdevelopmentquicklytonorth.Atpresentdevelopsquickest,themoldproducesthemostcentralizedprovinceisGuangdongandZhejiang,placessuchasJiangsu,Shanghai,AnhuiandShandongalsohasabiggerdevelopmentinrecentyears.
Althoughourcountrymoldtotalquantityhadatpresentachievedthesuitablescale,themoldlevelalsohastheverybigenhancement,afterbutdesignmanufacturehorizontaloverallriseandfallindustrydevelopedcountryandsoonYuDe,America,date,France,Italymany.Thecurrentexistencequestionandthedisparitymainlydisplayinfollowingseveralaspects:
(1)Thetotalquantityfallsshortofdemand
Domesticmoldassemblingonerateonly,about70%.Low-grademold,centerupscalemoldassemblingoneselfrateonlyhas50%about.
(2)Theenterpriseorganizationalstructure,theproductstructure,thetechnicalstructureandtheimportandexportstructuredoesnotgather
Inourcountrymoldproductionfactorytobemostisfromthelabormoldworkshopwhichproducesassemblesoneself(branchfactory),fromproducesassemblesoneselftheproportiontoreachashighasabout60%,buttheoverseasmoldultra70%isthecommoditymold.Thespecializedmoldfactorymostlyis"largeandcomplete","smallandentire"organizationform,butoverseasmostlyis"smallbut","isspeciallysmallandfine".Domesticlarge-scale,precise,complex,thelonglifemoldaccountsforthetotalquantityproportiontobeinsufficient30%,butoverseasin50%above2004years,ratioofthemoldimportandexportis3.7:
1,theimportandexportbalancestheafternetimportvolumetoamountto1.32billionUSdollars,isworldmoldnetimportquantitybiggestcountry.
(3)Themoldproductlevelgreatlyislowerthantheinternationalstandard
Theproductioncycleactuallyishigherthantheinternationalwaterbroadproductlevellowmainlytodisplayinthemoldprecision,cavityaspectandsoonsurfaceroughness,lifeandstructure.
(4)Developstheabilitybadly,economicefficiencyunsatisfactoryourcountrymoldenterprisetechnicalpersonnelproportionlow
Thelevelislower,alsodoesnottaketheproductdevelopment,andfrequentlyisinthepassivepositioninthemarket.Ourcountryeachmoldstaffaverageyearcreationoutputvalueapproximately,tenthousandUSdollars,overseasmoldindustrydevelopedcountrymostly15to10,000USdollars,somereachashighas25to10,000USdollars,relativeisourcountryquitepartofmoldsenterprisesalsocontinuestousetheworkshoptypemanagementwithit,trulyrealizestheenterprisewhichthemodernizedenterprisemanagesfew
Tocreatetheabovedisparitythereasontobeverymany,themoldlong-termhasnotobtainedthevaluebesidesthehistoryinastheproductwhichshouldhave,aswellasthemoststate-ownedenterprisesmechanismcannotadaptthemarketeconomy,butalsohasthefollowingseveralreasons:
.
Themoldmaterialperformance,thequalityandthevarietyquestionoftencanaffectthemoldquality,thelifeandthecost,thedomesticallyproducedmoldingtoolsteelandoverseasimportsthesteelproductstocomparehasabiggerdisparity.Plastic,plate,equipmentenergybalance,alsodirectinfluencemoldlevelenhancement.
RSPTooling
RapidSolidificationProcess(RSP)Tooling,isasprayformingtechnologytailoredforproducingmoldsanddies[2-4].Theapproachcombinesrapidsolidificationprocessingandnetshapematerialsprocessinginasinglestep.ThegeneralconceptinvolvesconvertingamolddesigndescribedbyaCADfiletoatoolingmasterusingasuitablerapidprototyping(RP)technologysuchasstereolithography.Apatterntransferismadetoacastableceramic,typicallyaluminaorfusedsilica.Thisisfollowedbysprayformingathickdepositoftoolsteel(orotheralloy)onthepatterntocapturethedesiredshape,surfacetextureanddetail.Theresultantmetalblockiscooledtoroomtemperatureandseparatedfromthepattern.Typically,thedeposit’sexteriorwallsaremachinedsquare,allowingittobeusedasaninsertinaholdingblocksuchasaMUDframe[5].Theoverallturnaroundtimefortoolingisaboutthreedays,statingwithamaster.Moldsanddiesproducedinthiswayhavebeenusedforprototypeandproductionrunsinplasticinjectionmoldinganddiecasting.
AnimportantbenefitofRSPToolingisthatitallowsmoldsanddiestobemadeearlyinthedesigncycleforacomponent.Trueprototypepartscanbemanufacturedtoassessform,fit,andfunctionusingthesameprocessplannedforproduction.Ifthepartisqualified,thetoolingcanberuninproductionasconventionaltoolingwould.UseofadigitaldatabaseandRPtechnologyallowsdesignmodificationstobeeasilymade.
ExperimentalProcedure
Analumina-baseceramic(Cotronics780[6])wasslurrycastusingasiliconerubbermasterdie,orfreezecastusingastereolithographymaster.Aftersettingup,ceramicpatternsweredemolded,firedinakiln,andcooledtoroomtemperature.H13toolsteelwasinductionmeltedunderanitrogenatmosphere,superheatedabout100︒C,andpressure-fedintoabench-scaleconverging/divergingspraynozzle,designedandconstructedin-house.Aninertgasatmospherewithinthesprayapparatusminimizedin-flightoxidationoftheatomizeddropletsastheydepositedontothetoolpatternatarateofabout200kg/h.Gas-to-metalmassflowratiowasapproximately0.5.
Fortensilepropertyandhardnessevaluation,thespray-formedmaterialwassectionedusingawireEDMandsurfacegroundtoremovea0.05mmthickheat-affectedzone.Sampleswereheattreatedinafurnacethatwaspurgedwithnitrogen.EachsamplewascoatedwithBNandplacedinasealedmetalfoilpacketasaprecautionarymeasuretopreventdecarburization.Artificiallyagedsamplesweresoakedfor1hourattemperaturesrangingfrom400to700︒C,andaircooled.ConventionallyheattreatedH13wasaustenitizedat1010︒Cfor30min.,airquenched,anddoubletempered(2hrplus2hr)at538︒C.
MicrohardnesswasmeasuredatroomtemperatureusingaShimadzuTypeMVickersHardnessTesterbyaveragingtenmicroindentationreadings.Microstructureoftheetched(3%nital)toolsteelwasevaluatedopticallyusinganOlympusModelPME-3metallographandanAmrayModel1830scanningelectronmicroscope.Phasecompositionwasanalyzedviaenergy-dispersivespectroscopy(EDS).ThesizedistributionofoverspraypowderwasanalyzedusingaMicrotracFullRangeParticleAnalyzerafterpowdersamplesweresievedat200μmtoremovecoarseflakes.SampledensitywasevaluatedbywaterdisplacementusingArchimedes’principleandaMettlerbalance(ModelAE100).
Aquasi1-DcomputercodedevelopedatINEELwasusedtoevaluatemultiphaseflowbehaviorinsidethenozzleandfreejetregions.Thecode'sbasicnumericaltechniquesolvesthesteadystategasflowfieldthroughanadaptivegrid,conservativevariablesapproachandtreatsthedropletphaseinaLagrangianmannerwithfullaerodynamicandenergeticcouplingbetweenthedropletsandtransportgas.Theliquidmetalinjectionsystemiscoupledtothethroatgasdynamics,andeffectsofheattransferandwallfrictionareincluded.Thecodealsoincludesanonequilibriumsolidificationmodeltha