List of Chinese musical instruments.docx

List of Chinese musical instruments.docx

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ListofChinesemusicalinstruments

ListofChinesemusicalinstruments

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  （RedirectedfromListoftraditionalChinesemusicalinstruments）

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MusicofChina

Timeline

GeneralTopics

∙TraditionalChineseinstruments

∙Musicology

∙Chineseorchestra

∙ChineseMusicians'Association

Genres

∙C-pop:

（Cantopop,Mandopop）

∙Rock

∙Hiphop

∙Opera

SpecificForms

∙Taoistmusic

∙Yayue

MediaandPerformance

Musicfestivals

MidiModernMusicFestival

Musicmedia

∙Radiostations

∙ChinaRecordCorporation

Nationalanthem

∙Historicalanthems

∙Patriotic/Revolutionary

∙MarchoftheVolunteers

∙ThreePrinciplesofthePeople

RegionalMusic

∙Anhui

∙Fujian

∙Gansu

∙Guangdong

∙Guangxi

∙Guizhou

∙Hainan

∙Hebei

∙Heilongjiang

∙Henan

∙HongKong

∙Hunan

∙Hubei

∙InnerMongolia

∙Jiangsu

∙Jiangxi

∙Jilin

∙Liaoning

∙Macau

∙Northeast

∙Qinghai

∙Shandong

∙Shaanxi

∙Shanxi

∙Sichuan

∙Taiwan（ROC）

∙Tibet

∙Xinjiang

∙Yunnan

∙Zhejiang

TraditionalChinesemusicalinstruments

Contents

∙1TheEightSoundsorEightTones（八音）

∙2Silk（絲）

o2.1Plucked

o2.2Bowed

o2.3Struck

∙3Bamboo（竹）

o3.1Flutes

o3.2Oboes

o3.3Freereedpipes

o3.4Singlereedpipes

∙4Wood（木）

∙5Stone（石）

∙6Metal（金）

∙7Clay（土）

∙8Gourd（匏）

∙9Hide（革）

∙10Others

∙11Playingcontexts

∙12Musicalinstrumentsinuseinthe1800s

∙13References

∙14Externallinks

∙15Seealso

[edit]TheEightSoundsorEightTones（八音）

Theeightcategoriesare:

silk,bamboo,wood,stone,metal,clay,gourdandhide.Thereareotherinstrumentswhichmaynotfittheseclassifications.Thisisoneofthefirstmusicalclassificationsever.

[edit]Silk（絲）

Silkinstrumentsaremostlystringedinstruments（includingthosethatareplucked,bowed,andstruck）.SinceancienttimestheChinesehaveusedtwistedsilkforstrings,thoughtodaymetalornylonaremorefrequentlyused.Instrumentsinthesilkcategoryinclude:

[edit]Plucked

∙Guqin（Chinese:

古琴;pinyin:

gǔqín）-7-stringedzither

∙Se（Chinese:

瑟;pinyin:

sè）-25-stringedzitherwithmoveablebridges（ancientsourcessay13,25or50strings）

∙Guzheng（古箏）-16-26stringedzitherwithmovablebridges

∙Konghou（箜篌）-harp

∙Pipa（琵琶）-pear-shapedfrettedlutewith4or5strings

∙Sanxian（三弦）-pluckedlutewithbodycoveredwithsnakeskinandlongfretlessneck

∙Ruan（Chinese:

阮;pinyin:

ruǎn）-moon-shapedluteinfivesizes:

gaoyin-,xiao-,zhong-,da-,anddiyin-;sometimescalledruanqin（阮琴）

∙Liuqin（柳琴）-smallplucked,frettedlutewithapear-shapedbodyandfourstrings

∙Yueqin（月琴）-pluckedlutewithawoodenbody,ashortfrettedneck,andfourstringstunedinpairs

∙Qinqin（秦琴）-pluckedlutewithawoodenbodyandfrettedneck;alsocalledmeihuaqin（梅花琴,literally"plumblossominstrument,"onaccountofitsflower-shapedbody）

∙Duxianqin（simplifiedChinese:

独弦琴;traditionalChinese:

獨弦琴）-pluckedeitherwithonlyonestring.

[edit]Bowed

Re-enactmentofanancienttraditionalmusicperformance

∙Huqin（胡琴）-familyofverticalfiddles

∙Erhu（二胡）-two-stringedfiddle

∙Zhonghu（中胡）-two-stringedfiddle,lowerpitchthanerhu

∙Gaohu（高胡）-two-stringedfiddle,higherpitchthanerhu;alsocalledyuehu（粤胡）

∙Banhu（板胡）-two-stringedfiddlewithacoconutresonatorandwoodenface,usedprimarilyinnorthernChina

∙Jinghu（京胡）-two-stringedfiddle,veryhighpitched,usedmainlyforBeijingopera

∙Jingerhu（京二胡）-erhuusedinBeijingopera

∙Erxian（二弦）-two-stringedfiddle,usedinCantonese,Chaozhou,andnanguanmusic

∙Tiqin（提琴）-two-stringedfiddle,usedinkunqu,Chaozhou,Cantonese,Fujian,andTaiwanesemusic

∙Yehu（椰胡）-two-stringedfiddlewithcoconutbody,usedprimarilyinCantoneseandChaozhoumusic

∙Daguangxian（大广弦）-two-stringedfiddleusedinTaiwanandFujian,primarilybyMinNanandHakkapeople;alsocalleddatongxian（大筒弦）,guangxian（广弦）,anddaguanxian（大管弦）

∙Datong（大筒）-two-stringedfiddleusedinthetraditionalmusicofHunan

∙Kezaixian（壳仔弦）-two-stringedfiddlewithcoconutbody,usedinTaiwanopera

∙Liujiaoxian（六角弦）-two-stringedfiddlewithhexagonalbody,similartothejingerhu;usedprimarilyinTaiwan

∙Tiexianzai（鐵弦仔）-atwo-stringedfiddlewithmetalamplifyinghornattheendofitsneck,usedinTaiwan;alsocalledguchuixian（鼓吹弦）

∙Hexian（和弦）-largefiddleusedprimarilyamongtheHakkaofTaiwan

∙Huluqin（葫芦琴）-two-stringedfiddlewithgourdbodyusedbytheNaxiofYunnan

∙Huluhu（simplifiedChinese:

葫芦胡;traditionalChinese:

葫盧胡）-two-stringedfiddlewithgourdbodyusedbytheZhuangofGuangxi

∙Maguhu（simplifiedChinese:

马骨胡;traditionalChinese:

馬骨胡;pinyin:

mǎgǔhú）-two-stringedfiddlewithhorsebonebodyusedbytheZhuangandBuyeipeoplesofsouthernChina

∙Tuhu（土胡）-two-stringedfiddleusedbytheZhuangpeopleofGuangxi

∙Jiaohu（角胡）-two-stringedfiddleusedbytheGelaopeopleofGuangxi,aswellastheMiaoandDong

∙Sihu（四胡）-four-stringedfiddlewithstringstunedinpairs

∙Sanhu（三胡）-3-stringederhuwithanadditionalbassstring;developedinthe1970s[1]

∙Zhuihu（simplifiedChinese:

坠胡;traditionalChinese:

墜胡）-two-stringedfiddlewithfingerboard

∙Zhuiqin（traditional:

墜琴;simplified:

坠琴）-two-stringedfiddlewithfingerboard

∙Leiqin（雷琴）-two-stringedfiddlewithfingerboard

∙Dihu（低胡）-lowpitchedtwo-stringedfiddlesintheerhufamily,inthreesizes:

oXiaodihu（小低胡）-smalldihu,tunedoneoctavebelowtheerhu

oZhongdihu（中低胡）-mediumdihu,tunedoneoctavebelowthezhonghu

oDadihu（大低胡）-largedihu,tunedtwooctavesbelowtheerhu

∙Dahu（大胡）-anothernameforthexiaodihu

∙Cizhonghu-anothernameforthexiaodihu

∙Gehu（革胡）-four-stringedbassinstrument,tunedandplayedlikecello

∙Diyingehu（低音革胡）-fourstringedcontrabassinstrument,tunedandplayedlikedoublebass

∙Laruan（拉阮）-four-stringedbowedinstrumentmodeledonthecello

∙Paqin（琶琴）-modernbowedinstrument

oDapaqin（大琶琴）-basspaqin

∙Dixianqin（低絃琴）

∙Niutuiqinorniubatui（牛腿琴or牛巴腿）-two-stringedfiddleusedbytheDongpeopleofGuizhou

∙Matouqin（馬頭琴）-（Mongolian:

morinkhuur）-Mongoliantwo-stringed"horseheadfiddle"

∙Xiqin（奚琴）-ancientprototypeofhuqinfamilyofinstruments

∙Yazheng（simplified:

轧筝;traditional:

軋箏）-bowedzither;alsocalledyaqin（simplified:

轧琴;traditional:

軋琴）

∙Zhengni（筝尼）-bowedzither;usedbytheZhuangpeopleofGuangxi

∙Aijieke（艾捷克）-four-stringedbowedinstrumentusedinXinjiang;similartokamancheh[2]

∙Sataer（萨它尔）-long-neckedbowedluteusedinXinjiang

[edit]Struck

∙Yangqin（揚琴）-hammereddulcimerofvaryingstringsstruckusingtwobamboohammers

∙Zhu（筑）-ancientzither,struckorpluckedwithastick

∙Jiaoweiqin（焦尾琴）

[edit]Bamboo（竹）

Ahalf-sectionoftheSongDynasty（960–1279）versionoftheNightRevelsofHanXizai,originalbyGuHongzhong;[1]thefemalemusiciansinthecenteroftheimageareplayingtransversebambooflutesandguan,andthemalemusicianisplayingawoodenclappercalledpaiban.

Dizi,alsoknownasdi（笛）orhengdi（橫笛）,andhasvarietiesincludingqudi（曲笛）andbangdi（梆笛）[2].

ABawuinthekeyofF,[3].

Bamboomainlyreferstowoodwindinstruments,whichincludes;

[edit]Flutes

∙Dizi（笛子）-transversebambooflutewithbuzzingmembrane

oBangdi（梆笛）

∙Xiao（simplifiedChinese:

箫;traditionalChinese:

簫;pinyin:

xiāo）-end-blownflute;alsocalleddongxiao（simplifiedChinese:

洞箫;traditionalChinese:

洞簫）

∙Paixiao（simplifiedChinese:

排箫;traditionalChinese:

排簫;pinyin:

páixiāo）-panpipes

∙Chi（篪;pinyin:

chí）-ancienttransversebambooflute

∙Yue（籥;pinyin:

yuè）-ancientnotchedverticalbambooflutewiththreefingerholes;usedinConfucianritualmusicanddance

∙Xindi（新笛）-moderntransverseflutewithasmanyas21holes

∙Dongdi（侗笛）-windinstrumentoftheDongpeopleofsouthernChina

∙Koudi（口笛;pinyin:

kǒudí）-verysmalltransversebambooflute

[edit]Oboes

∙Guan（Chinese:

管;pinyin:

guǎn）-cylindricaldoublereedwindinstrumentmadeofeitherhardwood（NorthernChina）orbamboo（Cantonese）;thenorthernversionisalsocalledguanzi（管子）orbili（traditional:

篳篥;simplified:

筚篥）,theCantoneseversionisalsocalledhouguan（喉管）,andtheTaiwaneseversioniscalled鸭母哒仔,鴨母笛,orTaiwanguan（台湾管）

∙Suona（simplifiedChinese:

唢呐;traditionalChinese:

嗩吶）-double-reedwindinstrumentwithaflaringmetalbell;alsocalledhaidi（海笛）

[edit]Freereedpipes

∙Bawu（simplifiedChinese:

巴乌;traditionalChinese:

巴烏;pinyin:

bāwū）-side-blownfreereedpipewithfingerholes

∙Mangtong（芒筒;pinyin:

mángtǒng）-end-blownfreereedpipeproducingasinglepitch

[edit]Singlereedpipes

∙Mabu（马布）-single-reedbamboopipeplayedbytheYipeople

[edit]Wood（木）

Mostwoodinstrumentsareoftheancientvariety:

∙Zhu（Chinese:

柷;pinyin:

zhù）-awoodenboxthattapersfromthetoptothebottom,playedbyhittingastickontheinside,usedtomarkthebeginningofmusicinancientritualmusic

∙Yu（Chinese:

敔;pinyin:

yǔ）-awoodenpercussioninstrumentcarvedintheshapeofatigerwithaserratedback,playedbyhittingastickwithanendmadeofapproximately15stalksofbambooonitsheadthreetimesandacrosstheserratedbackoncetomarktheendofthemusic

∙Muyu（simplifiedChinese:

木鱼;traditionalChinese:

木魚;pinyin:

mùyú）-aroundedwoodblockcarvedintheshapeofafish,struckwithawoodenstick;oftenusedinBuddhistchanting

ThisisasetofmuyusorChinesewoodenslitdrums.Thesoundproducedisaffectedbytheinstrument’ssize,typeofwood,andhowhollowitis.

∙Paiban（拍板）-aclappermadefromseveralflat