List of Chinese musical instruments.docx

1、List of Chinese musical instrumentsList of Chinese musical instrumentsFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia(Redirected from List of traditional Chinese musical instruments)Jump to: navigation, search Music of ChinaTimelineGeneral Topics Traditional Chinese instruments Musicology Chinese orchestra Ch

2、inese Musicians AssociationGenres C-pop: (Cantopop, Mandopop) Rock Hip hop OperaSpecific Forms Taoist music YayueMedia and PerformanceMusic festivalsMidi Modern Music FestivalMusic media Radio stations China Record CorporationNational anthem Historical anthems Patriotic / Revolutionary March of the

3、Volunteers Three Principles of the PeopleRegional Music Anhui Fujian Gansu Guangdong Guangxi Guizhou Hainan Hebei Heilongjiang Henan Hong Kong Hunan Hubei Inner Mongolia Jiangsu Jiangxi Jilin Liaoning Macau Northeast Qinghai Shandong Shaanxi Shanxi Sichuan Taiwan (ROC) Tibet Xinjiang Yunnan Zhejiang

4、Traditional Chinese musical instrumentsContents 1 The Eight Sounds or Eight Tones (八音) 2 Silk (絲) o 2.1 Pluckedo 2.2 Bowedo 2.3 Struck 3 Bamboo (竹) o 3.1 Fluteso 3.2 Oboeso 3.3 Free reed pipeso 3.4 Single reed pipes 4 Wood (木) 5 Stone (石) 6 Metal (金) 7 Clay (土) 8 Gourd (匏) 9 Hide (革) 10 Others 11 Pl

5、aying contexts 12 Musical instruments in use in the 1800s 13 References 14 External links 15 See alsoedit The Eight Sounds or Eight Tones (八音)The eight categories are: silk, bamboo, wood, stone, metal, clay, gourd and hide. There are other instruments which may not fit these classifications. This is

6、 one of the first musical classifications ever.edit Silk (絲)Silk instruments are mostly stringed instruments (including those that are plucked, bowed, and struck). Since ancient times the Chinese have used twisted silk for strings, though today metal or nylon are more frequently used. Instruments in

7、 the silk category include:edit Plucked Guqin (Chinese: 古琴; pinyin: gqn) - 7-stringed zither Se (Chinese: 瑟; pinyin: s) - 25-stringed zither with moveable bridges (ancient sources say 13, 25 or 50 strings) Guzheng (古箏) - 16-26 stringed zither with movable bridges Konghou (箜篌) - harp Pipa (琵琶) - pear

8、-shaped fretted lute with 4 or 5 strings Sanxian (三弦) - plucked lute with body covered with snakeskin and long fretless neck Ruan (Chinese: 阮; pinyin: run) - moon-shaped lute in five sizes: gaoyin-, xiao-, zhong-, da-, and diyin-; sometimes called ruanqin (阮琴) Liuqin (柳琴) - small plucked, fretted lu

9、te with a pear-shaped body and four strings Yueqin (月琴) - plucked lute with a wooden body, a short fretted neck, and four strings tuned in pairs Qinqin (秦琴) - plucked lute with a wooden body and fretted neck; also called meihuaqin (梅花琴, literally plum blossom instrument, on account of its flower-sha

10、ped body) Duxianqin (simplified Chinese: 独弦琴; traditional Chinese: 獨弦琴) - plucked either with only one string.edit BowedRe-enactment of an ancient traditional music performance Huqin (胡琴) - family of vertical fiddles Erhu (二胡) - two-stringed fiddle Zhonghu (中胡) - two-stringed fiddle, lower pitch tha

11、n erhu Gaohu (高胡) - two-stringed fiddle, higher pitch than erhu; also called yuehu (粤胡) Banhu (板胡) - two-stringed fiddle with a coconut resonator and wooden face, used primarily in northern China Jinghu (京胡) - two-stringed fiddle, very high pitched, used mainly for Beijing opera Jing erhu (京二胡) - er

12、hu used in Beijing opera Erxian (二弦) - two-stringed fiddle, used in Cantonese, Chaozhou, and nanguan music Tiqin (提琴) - two-stringed fiddle, used in kunqu, Chaozhou, Cantonese, Fujian, and Taiwanese music Yehu (椰胡) - two-stringed fiddle with coconut body, used primarily in Cantonese and Chaozhou mus

13、ic Daguangxian (大广弦) - two-stringed fiddle used in Taiwan and Fujian, primarily by Min Nan and Hakka people; also called datongxian (大筒弦), guangxian (广弦), and daguanxian (大管弦) Datong (大筒) - two-stringed fiddle used in the traditional music of Hunan Kezaixian (壳仔弦) - two-stringed fiddle with coconut

14、body, used in Taiwan opera Liujiaoxian (六角弦) - two-stringed fiddle with hexagonal body, similar to the jing erhu; used primarily in Taiwan Tiexianzai (鐵弦仔) - a two-stringed fiddle with metal amplifying horn at the end of its neck, used in Taiwan; also called guchuixian (鼓吹弦) Hexian (和弦) - large fidd

15、le used primarily among the Hakka of Taiwan Huluqin (葫芦琴) - two-stringed fiddle with gourd body used by the Naxi of Yunnan Huluhu (simplified Chinese: 葫芦胡; traditional Chinese: 葫盧胡) - two-stringed fiddle with gourd body used by the Zhuang of Guangxi Maguhu (simplified Chinese: 马骨胡; traditional Chine

16、se: 馬骨胡; pinyin: mgh) - two-stringed fiddle with horse bone body used by the Zhuang and Buyei peoples of southern China Tuhu (土胡) - two-stringed fiddle used by the Zhuang people of Guangxi Jiaohu (角胡) - two-stringed fiddle used by the Gelao people of Guangxi, as well as the Miao and Dong Sihu (四胡) -

17、 four-stringed fiddle with strings tuned in pairs Sanhu (三胡) - 3-stringed erhu with an additional bass string; developed in the 1970s 1 Zhuihu (simplified Chinese: 坠胡; traditional Chinese: 墜胡) - two-stringed fiddle with fingerboard Zhuiqin (traditional: 墜琴; simplified: 坠琴) - two-stringed fiddle with

18、 fingerboard Leiqin (雷琴) - two-stringed fiddle with fingerboard Dihu (低胡) - low pitched two-stringed fiddles in the erhu family, in three sizes: o Xiaodihu (小低胡) - small dihu, tuned one octave below the erhuo Zhongdihu (中低胡) - medium dihu, tuned one octave below the zhonghuo Dadihu (大低胡) - large dih

19、u, tuned two octaves below the erhu Dahu (大胡) - another name for the xiaodihu Cizhonghu - another name for the xiaodihu Gehu (革胡) - four-stringed bass instrument, tuned and played like cello Diyingehu (低音革胡) - four stringed contrabass instrument, tuned and played like double bass Laruan (拉阮) - four-

20、stringed bowed instrument modeled on the cello Paqin (琶琴) - modern bowed instrument o Dapaqin (大琶琴) - bass paqin Dixianqin (低絃琴) Niutuiqin or niubatui (牛腿琴 or 牛巴腿) - two-stringed fiddle used by the Dong people of Guizhou Matouqin (馬頭琴) - (Mongolian: morin khuur) - Mongolian two-stringed horsehead fi

21、ddle Xiqin (奚琴) - ancient prototype of huqin family of instruments Yazheng (simplified: 轧筝; traditional: 軋箏) - bowed zither; also called yaqin (simplified: 轧琴; traditional: 軋琴) Zhengni (筝尼) - bowed zither; used by the Zhuang people of Guangxi Aijieke (艾捷克) - four-stringed bowed instrument used in Xi

22、njiang; similar to kamancheh 2 Sataer (萨它尔) - long-necked bowed lute used in Xinjiangedit Struck Yangqin (揚琴) - hammered dulcimer of varying strings struck using two bamboo hammers Zhu (筑) - ancient zither, struck or plucked with a stick Jiaoweiqin (焦尾琴)edit Bamboo (竹)A half-section of the Song Dyna

23、sty (9601279) version of the Night Revels of Han Xizai, original by Gu Hongzhong;1 the female musicians in the center of the image are playing transverse bamboo flutes and guan, and the male musician is playing a wooden clapper called paiban.Dizi, also known as di (笛) or hengdi (橫笛), and has varieti

24、es including qudi (曲笛) and bangdi (梆笛)2., A Bawu in the key of F,3.Bamboo mainly refers to woodwind instruments, which includes;edit Flutes Dizi (笛子) - transverse bamboo flute with buzzing membrane o Bangdi (梆笛) Xiao (simplified Chinese: 箫; traditional Chinese: 簫; pinyin: xio) - end-blown flute; als

25、o called dongxiao (simplified Chinese: 洞箫; traditional Chinese: 洞簫) Paixiao (simplified Chinese: 排箫; traditional Chinese: 排簫; pinyin: pixio) - pan pipes Chi (篪; pinyin: ch) - ancient transverse bamboo flute Yue (籥; pinyin: yu) - ancient notched vertical bamboo flute with three finger holes; used in

26、Confucian ritual music and dance Xindi (新笛) - modern transverse flute with as many as 21 holes Dongdi (侗笛) - wind instrument of the Dong people of southern China Koudi (口笛; pinyin: kud) - very small transverse bamboo fluteedit Oboes Guan (Chinese: 管; pinyin: gun) - cylindrical double reed wind instr

27、ument made of either hardwood (Northern China) or bamboo (Cantonese); the northern version is also called guanzi (管子) or bili (traditional: 篳篥; simplified: 筚篥), the Cantonese version is also called houguan (喉管), and the Taiwanese version is called 鸭母哒仔, 鴨母笛, or Taiwan guan (台湾管) Suona (simplified Ch

28、inese: 唢呐; traditional Chinese: 嗩吶) - double-reed wind instrument with a flaring metal bell; also called haidi (海笛)edit Free reed pipes Bawu (simplified Chinese: 巴乌; traditional Chinese: 巴烏; pinyin: bw) - side-blown free reed pipe with finger holes Mangtong (芒筒; pinyin: mngtng) - end-blown free reed

29、 pipe producing a single pitchedit Single reed pipes Mabu (马布) - single-reed bamboo pipe played by the Yi peopleedit Wood (木)Most wood instruments are of the ancient variety: Zhu (Chinese: 柷; pinyin: zh) - a wooden box that tapers from the top to the bottom, played by hitting a stick on the inside,

30、used to mark the beginning of music in ancient ritual music Yu (Chinese: 敔; pinyin: y) - a wooden percussion instrument carved in the shape of a tiger with a serrated back, played by hitting a stick with an end made of approximately 15 stalks of bamboo on its head three times and across the serrated

31、 back once to mark the end of the music Muyu (simplified Chinese: 木鱼; traditional Chinese: 木魚; pinyin: my) - a rounded woodblock carved in the shape of a fish, struck with a wooden stick; often used in Buddhist chantingThis is a set of muyus or Chinese wooden slit drums. The sound produced is affected by the instruments size, type of wood, and how hollow it is. Paiban (拍板) - a clapper made from several flat