语言学历年试题.docx

语言学历年试题.docx

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语言学历年试题

2001年10月全国高等教育自学考试现代语言学试题

一、单项选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）在每小题列出的四个选项中只有一个选项是符合题目要求的，请将正确选项前的字母填在题后的括号内。

1.ThefamousquotationfromShakespeare‘splay“RomeoandJuliet”’Arosebyanyothernamewouldsmellassweet‘wellillustrates_______.（）　　

A.theconventionalnatureoflanguage　　B.thecreativenatureoflanguage　　

C.theuniversalityoflanguage　　D.thebigdifferencebetweenhumanlanguageandanimalcommunication

2.Ofthefollowingsoundcombinations，only_______ispermissibleaccordingtothesequentialrulesinEnglish.（）　　A.kiblB.bkilC.ilkbD.ilbk　　

3.ThesentencethathasaNPandaVPcanbeshownina_______formula“S→NPVP”。

（）　　

A.hierarchicalB.linearC.treediagramD.vertical　　

4.Itisthe_______onCaseassignmentthatstatesthataCaseassignorandaCaserecipientshouldstayadjacenttoeachother.（）　　

A.CaseConditionB.parameter　C.AdjacentConditionD.AdjacentParameter　　

5.Predicationanalysisisawaytoanalyze_______meaning.　　

A.phonemeB.wordC.phraseD.sentence　　

6.AccordingtoSearle，thoseillocutionaryactswhosepointistocommitthespeakertosomefuturecourseofactionarecalled_______.（）　　

A.commisivesB.directivesC.expressivesD.declaratives　　

7.Theterm_______linguisticsmaybedefinedasawayofreferringtotheapproachwhichstudieslanguagechangeovervariousperiodsoftimeandatvarioushistoricalstages.　　

A.synchronicB.diachronicC.comparativeD.historicalcomparative　　

8.Thewayinwhichpeopleaddresseachotherdependsontheirage，sex，socialgroup，andpersonalrelationship.TheEnglishsystemofaddressformsfrequentlyusedincludesfirstname，lastname，title+lastname，_______，andkinterm.　　A.title+firstnameB.title+title　C.titlealoneD.firstname+lastname+title　　

9.Languageandthoughtmaybeviewedastwoindependentcirclesoverlappinginsomeparts.Whenlanguageandthoughtareidenticalorcloselyparalleltoeachother，wemayregardthoughtas“subvocalspeech，”andspeechas“_______”。

（）　

A.vocalthoughtB.subvocalthought　　C.covertthoughtD.overtthought　　

10.Whcihofthefollowingbeststatesthebehavioristviewofchildlanguageacquisition_______.（）　　

A.Languageacquisitionisaprocessofhabitformation　　

B.Languageacquisitionisthespecies-specificpropertyofhumanbeings　　

C.Childrenarebornwithaninnateabilitytoacquirelanguage　　

D.Humansareequippedwiththeneuralprerequisitesforlanguageandlanguageuse　　

第二部分非选择题　　

二、填空题（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分。

）　　

11.Inthecourseoftime，thestudyoflanguagehascometoestablishcloselinkswithotherbranchesofs________studies，suchassociologyandpsychology.　　

12.Clear［1］anddark［］areallophonesofthesameonephoneme/1/.Theynevertakethesamepositioninsoundcombinations，thustheyaresaidtobeinc________distribution.　　

13.Ar________isoftenseenaspartofaword，butitcanneverstandbyitselfalthoughitbearsclear，definitemeaning.　　14.Ac________sentencecontainstwoormoreclauses，oneofwhichisincorporatedintheother.　

15.Thatthedenialofonememberoftwowordsimpliestheassertionoftheotheristhecharacteristicofc________antonyms.　　16.Whilethemeaningofasentenceisabstractanddecontextualized，thatofanu________isconcreteandcontext-dependent.　　17.Phonologicalrulesmaymovephonemesfromoneplaceinthestringtoanother.Forexample，ModernEnglishverbaskwasOldEnglishaskian，withthe/k/precedingthe/s/.Soundchangeasaresultofsoundmovementisknownasm________.　　18.Inmanysocietiesoftheworld，wefindalargenumberofpeoplewhospeakmorethanonelanguage.Asacharacteristicofsocieties，b________inevitablyresultsfromthecomingintocontactofpeoplewithdifferentculturesanddifferentlanguages.　　19.Thebrain‘sneurologicalspecializationforlanguageiscalledlinguisticI________，whichisspecifictohumanbeings.　　20.Inordertoacquireasecondlanguage，learnerswillsubconsciouslyusetheirfirstlanguageknowledgeinlearningasecondlanguage.Thisisknowaslanguaget________.　　

三、判断说明题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分。

）判断下列各题正误，正者在括号内写“T”，误者在括号内写“F”，并说明理由。

（）21.Inthehistoryofanylanguagethewritingsystemalwayscameintobeingbeforethespokenform.　

（）22.InEnglish，longvowelsarealsotensevowelsbecausewhenwepronouncealongvowelsuchas/i：

/，thelarynxisinastateoftension.

（）23.Acompoundisthecombinationofonlytwowords.　　

（）24.“Thestudent”inthesentence“Thestudentlikedthelinguisticlecture.”，and“Thelinguisticlecture”inthesentence“Thelinguisticlecturelikedthestudent.”belongtothesamesyntacticcategory.　　

（）25.Linguisticformshavingthesamesensemayhavedifferentreferencesindifferentsituationswhilelinguisticformswiththesamereferencealwayshavethesamesense.　　

（）26.Animportantdifferencebetweenpresuppositionandentailmentisthatpresupposition，unlikeentailment，isnotvulnerabletonegation.Thatistosay，ifasentenceisnegated，theoriginalpresuppositionisstilltrue.　　

（）27.ThedivisionofEnglishintoOldEnglish，MiddleEnglish，andModernEnglishisnonconventionalandnotarbitrary.　　（）28.Languagereflectssexisminsociety.Languageitselfisnotsexist，justasitisnotobscene；butitcanconnotesexistattitudesaswellasattitudesaboutsocialtaboosorracism.　　

（）29.Ifachildisdeprivedoflinguisticenvironment，heorsheisunlikelytolearnalanguagesuccessfullylateron.　　

（）30.Whenchildrenlearntodistinguishbetweenthesoundsoftheirlanguageandthesoundsthatarenotpartofthelanguage，theycanacquireanysoundsintheirnativelanguageoncetheirparentsteachthem.

四、名词解释题（本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分。

）

31.culturaltransmission（asadefiningfeatureofhumanlanguage）32.phonicmediumoflanguage33.voicing34.inflectionalmorphemesn35.reference36.locutionaryact37.protolanguage38.ethnicdialect　39.registers　40.acculturation　　

五、论述题（本大题共2小题，每小题10分，共20分。

）　　

41.WhydowesaytreediagramsaremoreadvantageousandinformativethanlinearstructureinanalyzingtheconstituentrelationshipamonglinguisticelementsSupportyourstatementwithexamples.

42.Describetheprocessoflanguageperception，comprehensionandproduction.　

全国2001年10月高等教育自学考试　

现代语言学试题参考答案

一、单项选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）　　

1.A2.A3.B4.C5.D6.A7.B8.C9.D10.A　　

二、填空题（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）　　

plementary16.utterance17.metathesis18.bilingualism

19.lateralization20.transfer

三、判断改错题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）　　

21.F　Thecontraryistrue.Thewritingsystemisalwaysalaterinvention.　22.T23.F　Somecompoundscontainmorethantwowords.24.T25.FItisfalsebecauselinguisticformswiththesamereferencemightdifferinsense.Acaseinpointisthetwoexpressions“morningstar”and“eveningstar.”Theyrefertothesamestarbutdifferinsense.　26.T27.FThedivisionofEnglishintoOldEnglish，MiddleEnglish，andModernEnglishisconventionalandsomewhatarbitrary.28.T29.T30Childrenfirstacquirethesoundsfoundinalllanguagesoftheworld，nomatterwhatlanguagetheyareexposedto，andinlaterstagesacquirethe“moredifficult”sounds.　　

四、名词解释题（本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分）

31.Oneofthemajordefiningfeaturesofhumanlanguage.Humansarebornwiththeabilitytoacquirealanguage，butdifferentfromanimals，theactualuseofhumanlanguageisnotgeneticallytransmitted，ratheritisculturallytransmitted，i.e.ithastobetaughtandlearnt.

32.Thelimitedrangeofsoundsthatareusedinhumanlanguagecommunication，i.e.thespeechsounds.Voicingisaphoneticfeatureofsomesounds.Itiscausedbythevibrationofthevocalcords.

34.Inflectionalmorphemesaremorphemesthatareusedtoindicatethegrammatrcalrelationsandcategories，suchas-ed，-（e）s-estinEnglish.　　

35.Referenceiswhatalinguisticformreferstointherealworld；itisamatteroftherelationshipbetweentheformandthereality.Forexample，ifwesay，“Thedogisbarking，”wemustbetalkingaboutacertaindogknowntoboththespeakerandthehearerinthesituation.Theactualdogtheword“dog”referstointhisparticularsituationisthereferenceoftheword“dog”。

　　360（36.Locutionaryactreferstotheactofutteringwords，phrases，andclauses.Itistheactofconveyingliteralmeaningbymeansofsyntax，lexiconandphonology.Forexample，bysaying“Youhaveleftthedoorwideopen”，thelocutionaryactperformedbythespeakeristhathehasutteredallthewordsandexpressedwhatthewordsliterallymean.

37.Aprotolanguageistheoriginalformofalanguagefamilythathasceasedtoexist.Theprotoformcanbereconstructedbyidentifyingandcomparingsimilarlinguisticformswithsimilarmeaningsacrossrelatedlanguages.　

m38.Anethnicdialectisasocialdialectofalanguage，oftencuttingacrossregionaldifferences.Itisspokenmainlybyalessprivilegedpopulationthathasexperiencedsomeformofsocialisolation，suchasracialdiscriminationorsegregation.　　39.Registersarelanguagevarietiesappropriateforuseinparticularspeechsituations，incontrasttolanguagevarietiesthatareassociatedwiththesocialorregionalgroupingoftheircustomaryusers.Forthisreason，registersarealsoknownassituationaldialects.　　

40.Acculturationreferstoaprocessofadaptingtothecultureandvaluesystemofthesecondlanguagecommunity.

五、论述题（本大题共2小题，每小题10分，共20分）　　

41.Inadditiontorevealingalinearorder，aconstituentstructuretreehasahierarchicalstructurethatgroupswordsintostructuralconstituentsandshowsthesyntacticcategoryofeachstructuralconstituent，andconsequentlyisbelievedtomosttruthfullyillustratetheconstituentrelationshipamonglinguisticelements.　

Forexample，thephrase“theoldmenand