虚拟语气教案.docx
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虚拟语气教案
虚拟语气
1、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中
(1)表示与现在事实相反的假设,条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式
(be动词的过去式用were)”,而主句中的谓语动词用“would/should/could/
might+动词原形”。
如:
IfIwereaboy,Iwouldjointhearmy.
Ifthehadtime,sheshouldgowithyou.
(2)表示与过去的事实相反,条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时,
主句中的谓语动词则用“would/should/might/could+have+过去分词”。
如:
Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,hewouldhavesucceededinthecompetition.(3)表示与将来事实相反,条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或
should(wereto)+动词原形,而主句中的谓语动词则用would/should/
couldmight+动词原形。
如;
Ifitweretoraintomorrow,thefootballmatchwouldbeputoff.
(4)混合虚拟当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间
不一致时,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。
如:
Iftheyhadworkedhard,theywouldbeverytired.(从句说的是过去,主句指的
是现在)Ifyouhadworkedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnowandyou
wouldgraduatefromcollegeinfouryears.
以下表格是虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中时,主句和从句谓语动词的形式:
条件状语从句主句
与过去事实
相反
had+过去分词
should/would/could/might+have
+过去分词
与现在事实would/should/could/might+动词
相反were)
一般过去时(be用
原形
与将来事实
相反
一般过去时或
should(wereto)+动词
原形
Would/should/cold/might+动词
原形
有时侯在使用时可省略if,句子则可换成下列形式,即“were/had/should+
主语”。
如:
WereIaboy,Iwouldjointhearmy.
Hadhetakenmyadvice,hewouldhavesucceeded.
Wereitnotfortheexpense,IwouldgotoBritain.
2、虚拟语气用于名词性从句
(1)虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。
①“wish+宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望,译为“要是,,就好了”等。
表示现在不能实现的愿望,从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时;表示将来不能实现
的愿望,从句中的谓语动词用“would/could+动词原形”;表示过去不能实现
的愿望,从句中的谓语动词用“had+过去分词”或“could(should)+have+
过去分词”。
如:
Iwishitwerespringalltheyearround.
IwishIhadknowntheanswer.
IwishIcouldflylikeabird.
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②在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词suggest、advise、propose、recommend
demand、require、insist.request、urgeadvocateintendcomman、dorder
等后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用should+动词原形或是动词原形。
如:
Shesuggestedwe(should)leavehereatonce.
Thedoctororderedsheshouldbeoperated.
wouldrather后的宾语从句用wouldhavedone表示过去未曾实现的想
法/愿望,用woulddo/be表示现在/将来未曾实现的想法和愿望。
Iwouldrather
youhadcomehereyesterday.
IwouldratheryouwouldbeinShanghaitomorrow.
(2)虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。
作表示建议、要求、命令等的名词advise、idea、order、demand、plan、
proposal、suggestion、recommendationrequest等的表语从句和同位语从句,
从句中的谓语动词用“(should)+动词原形”。
如:
Hissuggestionthatwe(should)gotoShanghaiiswonderful.
Myideaisthatthey(should)pay100dollars.
(3)虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。
在主语从句中,谓语动词的虚拟语气用“should+动词原形”的结构,表
示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等。
如:
Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)thatweshould
cleantheroomeveryday.
Itwasapity(ashame,nowonder,etc.)thatyoushouldbesocareless.
Itwillbedesired(suggested,decided,ordered,requested,proposed,
etc.)thatsheshouldfinishherhomeworkthisafternoon.
注意:
这种从句表示的是事实。
如果说人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感,就
可用虚拟语气。
反之,如果不表示惊奇等情感,that从句也可用陈述句语气。
如:
Itispitythatyoucan’tswim.
3、虚拟语气在其他场合的运用
(1)虚拟语气在asif/asthough、evenif/eventhough等引导的表语从
句或状语从句中,如果从句表示的动作发生在过去,用过去完成时;指现在状况,
则用一般过去时;指将来状况则用过去将来时。
如:
Hediditasifhewereanexpert.
Evenifshewerehere,shecouldnotsolvetheproblem.
(2)虚拟语气用于定语从句中。
这种从句常用于句型“Itis(high/about)time(that),”中,定语从
句的谓语动词用一般过去时(be用were)或should+动词原形,意思是“(现在)
该,,”。
如:
It’stimethatIpickedupmydaughter./It’shightimeweweregoing.
(3)虚拟语气用在ifonly(要是。
。
。
。
。
。
就好了)引导的感叹句中。
如:
IfonlyIwereabird./IfonlyIhadtakenhisadvice.
(4)在wouldyoumindif句中用过去式
Wouldyoumindifyouopenedthewind?
(5)虚拟语气在一些简单句中的运用。
①情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时,表示说话人谦虚、客气、有礼貌或语
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气委婉,常出现在日常会话中。
如:
Itwouldbebetterforyounottostayuptoolate.
Wouldyoubekindenoughtoclosethedoor?
②用于一些习惯表达法中。
如:
Wouldyoulikeacupoftea?
Iwouldrathernottellyou.
③在表示祝愿的句中用一般现在时Longliveourfriendship!
选择填空
1.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_______.(NMET
95)
A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken
解析:
答案为C。
本题考查的是asif引导的让步状语从句中的语气问题,as
if引导的状语从句如果与事实一致,不用虚拟语气,如果与事实相反,应用虚拟
语气。
题中“当铅笔的一部分浸在水中,铅笔看上去好像断了”。
而实际上铅笔
并未断,与事实相反,前半部分陈述是一般现在时,因而本句是对一般现在时的
虚拟,用werebroken。
2.Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe___________,shewouldhave
metmybrother.(NMET94)
A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome解析:
答案为D。
本题考查的是if条件句中的虚拟语气。
题意是:
我在会议
上没看到你姐姐,故你姐姐没来。
因此如果“她来了”与事实相反,前面一句交
代了虚拟语气的时态是一般过去时的虚拟,所以if从句中用had+过去分词。
3.—Ifhe___________,he________thatfood.
—Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.(NMET93)
A.waswarned;wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetaken
C.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken解析:
答案为B。
本题考查的是条件状语从句与主句表示与事实相反时虚拟
语气的用法。
根据下一句语境可知,他事先并没有得到警告,表示过去时间的虚
拟语气,故选B。
4.Mr.Whiteat8:
30forthemeeting,buthedidn’tshowup.
A.shouldhavearrivedB.shouldarrive
C.shouldhavehadarrivedD.shouldbearriving
解析:
答案为A。
本题考虚拟语气及责备的用法,全句意为:
Mr.white8:
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(原本)应该到会的,但他没露面。
全句谈的是过去的事,故应使用shouldhave
done结构,表原本该做而没做的事。
5.—I’lltellMaryabouthernewjobtomorrow.
—Youherlastweek.
A.oughttotellB.wouldhavetoldC.musttellD.shouldhave
told
解析:
答案为D。
本题考查情态动词用法,should(oughtto)havedone表
示说话人对发生的事性“责备”故选D。
6.—Let’sgoandhaveagooddrinktonight.
—Haveyougotthefirstprizeinthecompetition?
A.Whatfor?
B.Thanksalot.C.Yes,I’dliketo.D.Whynot?
解析:
答案为A。
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虚拟语气专项练习
1.Wereitnotforthesnowyweather,we__________allright.
A.wouldbeB.wouldhavebeenC.wereD.maybe
7.________morecareful,hisshipwouldnothavesunk.
A.IfthecaptainwereB.Hadthecaptainbeen
C.ShouldthecaptainbeD.Ifthecaptainwouldhavebeen
8.Ifhe_________metomorrow,Iwouldlethimknow.
A.shouldcallB.shouldnothavebeenable
C.werenotableD.arenotable
9.Ifyouaskedyourfather,you______________permission.
A.maygetB.mightgetC.shouldhavecalledD.maybeget
10._____________today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.
A.WouldheleaveB.washeleaving
C.WerehetoleaveD.Ifheleaves
11.______Iyou,Iwouldgowithhimtotheparty.
A.WasB.HadbeenC.WillbeD.Were
12.Themillionsofcalculationsinvolved,hadtheybeendonebyhand,__________all
practicalvaluebythetimetheywerefinished.
A.couldloseB.wouldhavelost
C.mightloseD.oughttohavelost
13.HadPaulreceivedsixmorevotesinthelastelection,he____________our
chairmannow.
A.musthavebeenB.wouldhavebeenC.wereD.wouldbe
14.Ifyou________________JerryBrownuntilrecently,you’tdhinkthephotograph
ontherightwasstrange.
A.shouldn’tcontactB.didn’tcontact
C.weren’ttocontactD.hadn’tcontacted
15._________heEnglishexaminationIwouldhavegonetotheconcertlastSunday
A.InspiteofB.ButforC.BecauseofD.Asfor
16.LookattheterriblesituationIamin!
IfonlyI_________youradvice
A.followB.wouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.havefollowed
17.HadPaulreceivedsixmorevotesinthelastelection,he______ourchairmannow.
A.musthavebeenB.wouldhavebeen
C.wereD.hadn’tcontacted
18.Ifthehorsewontoday,it_____________thirtyracesinfiveyears.
A.wouldhavewonB.wonC.musthavewonD.didhavewon
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19.Thereisarealpossibilitythattheseanimalscouldbefrightened,_______a
suddenloudnoise.
A.beingthereB.shouldtherebe
C.therewasD.therehavingbeen
17.Iwouldhavegonetovisithiminthehospital,haditbeenatallpossible,butI
______fullyoccupiedthewholeoflastweek.
A.wereB.hadbeenC.havebeenD.was
18.IapologizeifI__________you,butIassureyouitwasunintentiona无l(意的).
A.offendB.hadoffended
C.shouldhaveoffendedD.mighthaveoffended
19.Ifyouhadn’ttakensuchalongtimetogetdressed,we’d_________therebyn
A.beB.circlesC.iscirclingD.becircling
20.Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest,soitseemsasifthesun
________roundtheearth.
A.werecirclingB.circlesC.iscirclingD.becircling
21.IwishthatI_______________withyoulastnight.
A.wentB.havegoneC.couldgoD.couldhavegone
22.IwishI___________withher.
A.wouldbeB.amC.wasD.were
23.IwishthatI_____________theconcertlastnight.
A.couldB.haveattendedC.couldhaveattendedD.attended
24.Thepictureexhibitionboredmetodeath.IwishI_______________toit.
A.hadnotgoneB.havenotgone
C.didnotgoD.cannothavegone
25.“Iwishyou___________metoputthesethingsaway,”hesaid.
A.willhelpB.helpC.arehelpingD.wouldhelp
26.IftheWatergateIncident___Nixonwouldnothaveresignedfromthepresidency.
A.didnotoccurB.hadnotoccurred
C.wasnotoccurringD.becircling
27.Ihadn’texpected________JamestoapologizebutIhadhoped.
A.himcallingmeB.thathewouldcallme
C.himtocallmeD.thathecallme
28.Georgewouldcertainlyhaveattendedthemeeting,____________________.
A.ifhedidn’tgetaflattireB.iftheflattirehadn’thappened
C.hadhenothadaflattireD.hadthetirenotflatteneditself
29.Theteachersuggestedthatherstudents_____________experienceswithE.SP
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A.writeacompositionontheirB.towritecompositionaboutthe
C.wrotesomecompositionsofhisorherD.hadwrittenanycompositionsforhis
20.HespeaksChineseasfluentlyasifhe______________aChinese.
A.wereB.hadbeenC.isD.hasbeen
21.Asusual,heputonashowasthoughhistrip____agreatsuccess.
A.hadbeenB.hasbeenC.wereD.was
22.Lookingroundthetown,hefeltasthoughhe______________awayforages.
A.hasbeenB.wasC.isD.hadbeen
23.Johnissostronglybuiltthathelooksasifhe______aselephant.
A.liftsB.isliftingC.liftedD.couldlift
24.Hedescribedthetownasifhe_____________ithimself.
A.hadseenB.hasseenC.sawD.sees
25.Atthatthoughtheshookhimself,asthoughhe_________fromanevildream.
A.wokeB.