虚拟语气教案.docx

1、虚拟语气教案虚拟语气1、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中（1）表示与现在事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式（be 动词的过去式用 were）”，而主句中的谓语动词用“ would / should/ could /might + 动词原形”。如：If I were a boy, I would join the army.If the had time, she should go with you.（2）表示与过去的事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句中的谓语动词则用“ would / should / might / could + have +过去分词”。如：I

2、f he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition. （3）表示与将来事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形，而主句中的谓语动词则用 would / should/could might + 动词原形。如；If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.（4）混合虚拟 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。如：

3、If they had worked hard, they would be very tired.(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在)If you had worked hard before,you would be a college student now and youwould graduate from college in four years.以下表格是虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中时，主句和从句谓语动词的形式：条件状语从句 主 句与过去事 实相反had + 过去分词should /would/could/might + have+ 过去分词与现在事 实 would/should/

4、could/might + 动词相反 were)一 般 过 去 时 (be 用原形与将来事 实相反一 般 过 去 时 或should(were to) + 动词原形Would/should/cold/might + 动词原形有时侯在使用时可省略 if,句子则可换成下列形式，即“ were / had / should +主语”。如：Were I a boy, I would join the army.Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded.Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britai

5、n.2、虚拟语气用于名词性从句（1）虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。“wish + 宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是 , 就好了”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望， 从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时； 表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“ would/could + 动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“ had + 过去分词”或“ could(should) + have +过去分词”。如：I wish it were spring all the year round.I wish I had known the answer.I wish I could fly li

6、ke a bird.11 在表示建议、 要求、命令等的动词 suggest 、advise 、propose、recommenddemand、require 、insist. request 、urge advocate intend comman、d order等后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用 should + 动词原形或是动词原形。如：She suggested we (should)leave here at once.The doctor ordered she should be operated.would rather 后的宾语从句 用 would have done 表示过去未曾实

7、现的想法/ 愿望，用would do/be 表示现在/ 将来未曾实现的想法和愿望。 I would ratheryou had come here yesterday.I would rather you would be in Shanghai tomorrow.（2）虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。 作表示建议、要求、命令等的名词 advise 、idea 、order 、demand、plan 、proposal 、suggestion 、recommendation request 等的表语从句和同位语从句，从句中的谓语动词用“ （should ） + 动词原形”。如：His

8、suggestion that we (should)go to Shanghai is wonderful.My idea is that they (should)pay 100 dollars.（3）虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“ should + 动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等。如：It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that we shouldclean the room every day.It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.)

9、that you should be so careless.It will be desired(suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed,etc.)that she should finish her homework this afternoon.注意：这种从句表示的是事实。如果说人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感，就可用虚拟语气。反之，如果不表示惊奇等情感， that 从句也可用陈述句语气。如：It is pity that you can t swim.3、虚拟语气在其他场合的运用（1）虚拟语气在 as if/as though 、e

10、ven if/even though 等引导的表语从句或状语从句中， 如果从句表示的动作发生在过去， 用过去完成时； 指现在状况，则用一般过去时；指将来状况则用过去将来时。如：He did it as if he were an expert.Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem.（2）虚拟语气用于定语从句中。这种从句常用于句型“ It is (high/about )time (that) , ”中，定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时 (be 用 were)或 should + 动词原形， 意思是“( 现在)该, ” 。如：

11、It s time that I picked up mydaughter. / It s high t ime we were going.（3）虚拟语气用在 if only( 要是。就好了 ) 引导的感叹句中。如：If only I were a bird./If only I had taken his advice.(4) 在 would you mind if 句中用过去式Would you mind if you opened the wind?（5）虚拟语气在一些简单句中的运用。情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人谦虚、客气、有礼貌或语11气委婉，常出现在日常会话中。如：I

12、t would be better for you not to stay up too late.Would you be kind enough to close the door?用于一些习惯表达法中。如：Would you like a cup of tea? I would rather not tell you.在表示祝愿的句中用一般现在时 Long live our friendship!选择填空1. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. (NMET95)A.breaks B.has b

13、roken C.were broken D.had been broken解析：答案为 C。本题考查的是 as if 引导的让步状语从句中的语气问题， asif 引导的状语从句如果与事实一致，不用虚拟语气，如果与事实相反，应用虚拟语气。题中“当铅笔的一部分浸在水中，铅笔看上去好像断了” 。而实际上铅笔并未断， 与事实相反， 前半部分陈述是一般现在时， 因而本句是对一般现在时的虚拟，用 were broken。2. I didn t see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would havemet my brother.(NMET 94)A.

14、has come B.did come C.came D.had come 解析：答案为 D。本题考查的是 if 条件句中的虚拟语气。题意是：我在会议上没看到你姐姐，故你姐姐没来。因此如果“她来了”与事实相反，前面一句交代了虚拟语气的时态是一般过去时的虚拟，所以 if 从句中用 had+过去分词。3. If he _, he _that food.Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.(NMET 93)A.was warned; would not take B.had been warned; would not have taken

15、C.would be warned; had not taken D.would have been warned; had not taken 解析：答案为 B。本题考查的是条件状语从句与主句表示与事实相反时虚拟语气的用法。 根据下一句语境可知， 他事先并没有得到警告， 表示过去时间的虚拟语气，故选 B。4.Mr.White at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn t show up.A. should have arrived B. should arriveC. should have had arrived D. should be arriving解

16、析：答案为 A。本题考虚拟语气及责备的用法，全句意为： Mr.white 8:30（原本） 应该到会的， 但他没露面。 全句谈的是过去的事， 故应使用 should havedone 结构，表原本该做而没做的事。5.I ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.You her last week.A. ought to tell B. would have told C. must tell D. should havetold解析：答案为 D。本题考查情态动词用法， should（ought to）have done 表示说话人对发生的事性“责备”故选

17、D。6.Let s go and have a good drink tonight. Have you got the first prize in the competition?A. What for? B. Thanks a lot. C. Yes, I d like to. D. Why not?解析：答案为 A。11虚拟语气专项练习1Were it not for the snowy weather, we _all right.A. would be B. would have been C. were D. may be7. _more careful, his ship wo

18、uld not have sunk.A. If the captain were B. Had the captain beenC. Should the captain be D. If the captain would have been8. If he _ me tomorrow, I would let him know.A. should call B. should not have been ableC. were not able D. are not able9. If you asked your father, you _ permission.A. may get B

19、. might get C. should have called D. maybe get10. _today, he would get there by Friday.A. Would he leave B. was he leavingC. Were he to leave D. If he leaves11. _I you, I would go with him to the party.A. Was B. Had been C. Will be D. Were12. The millions of calculations involved, had they been done

20、 by hand, _allpractical value by the time they were finished.A. could lose B. would have lostC. might lose D. ought to have lost13. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he _ourchairman now.A. must have been B. would have been C. were D. would be14. If you _Jerry Brown until recentl

21、y, youtdhink the photographon the right was strange.A. shouldn t contact B. didn t contactC. weren t to contact D. hadn t contacted15. _he English examination I would have gone to the concert last SundayA. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for16. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If o

22、nly I _your adviceA. follow B. would follow C. had followed D. have followed17. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he _our chairman now.A. must have been B. would have beenC. were D. hadn t contacted18. If the horse won today, it _ thirty races in five years.A. would have won B.

23、won C. must have won D. did have won1119. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, _asudden loud noise.A. being there B. should there beC. there was D. there having been17. I would have gone to visit him in the hospital, had it been at all possible, but I_ fully occupied t

24、he whole of last week.A. were B. had been C. have been D. was18. I apologize if I _ you, but I assure you it was unintentiona无l( 意的 ).A. offend B. had offendedC. should have offended D. might have offended19. If you hadn t taken such a long time to get dressed, we d_ there by nA. be B. circles C. is

25、 circling D. be circling20. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun_round the earth.A. were circling B. circles C. is circling D. be circling21. I wish that I _ with you last night.A. went B. have gone C. could go D. could have gone22. I wish I _ with her.A. would b

26、e B. am C. was D. were23. I wish that I_ the concert last night.A. could B. have attended C. could have attended D. attended24. The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I_ to it.A. had not gone B. have not goneC. did not go D. can not have gone25. “I wish you_ me to put these things away, ”

27、he said.A. will help B. help C. are helping D. would help26. If the Watergate Incident_ Nixon would not have resigned from the presidency.A. did not occur B. had not occurredC. was not occurring D. be circling27. I hadn t expected _James to apologize but I had hoped .A. him calling me B. that he wou

28、ld call meC. him to call me D. that he call me28. George would certainly have attended the meeting, _ .A. if he didn t get a flat tire B. if the flat tire hadn t happenedC. had he not had a flat tire D. had the tire not flattened itself29. The teacher suggested that her students _ experiences with E

29、.S P11A. write a composition on their B. to write composition about theC. wrote some compositions of his or herD. had written any compositions for his20. He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he _a Chinese.A. were B. had been C. is D. has been21. As usual, he put on a show as though his trip_ a great

30、success.A. had been B. has been C. were D. was22. Looking round the town, he felt as though he _ away for ages.A. has been B. was C. is D. had been23. John is so strongly built that he looks as if he _as elephant.A. lifts B. is lifting C. lifted D. could lift24. He described the town as if he_ it himself.A. had seen B. has seen C. saw D. sees25. At that thought he shook himself, as though he _from an evil dream.A. woke B.