GMATOG13语法真题 内附自己笔记.docx

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GMATOG13语法真题 内附自己笔记.docx

GMATOG13语法真题内附自己笔记

1.Inareviewof2,000studiesofhumanbehaviorthatdatebacktothe1940s,twoSwisspsychologists,declaringthatsincemostofthestudieshadfailedtocontrolforsuchvariablesassocialclassandfamilysize,nonecouldbetakenseriously.

(A)psychologists,declaringthatsincemostofthestudieshadfailedtocontrolforsuchvariablesassocialclassandfamilysize,

(B)psychologists,declaringthatmostofthestudiesfailedinnotcontrollingforsuchvariableslikesocialclassandfamilysize,and

(C)psychologistsdeclaredthatsincemostofthestudies,havingfailedtocontrolforsuchvariablesassocialclassandfamilysize,

(D)psychologistsdeclaredthatsincemostofthestudiesfailincontrollingforsuchvariableslikesocialclassandfamilysize,

(E)psychologistsdeclaredthatsincemostofthestudieshadfailedtocontrolforvariablessuchassocialclassandfamilysize,

1.分词的不正确使用导致句子碎片

2.时态不一致

3.suchlike搭配错误

4.failtodo为正确搭配,failindoing好像没见过,在目前看到过的fail搭配中,只有failtodo和sthfail两种搭配

5.表示举例用suchas

2.Manufacturersratebatteriesinwatt-hours;iftheyratethewatt-hourhigher,thelongerthebatterycanbeexpectedtolast.

(A)iftheyratethewatt-hourhigher,thelonger

(B)ratingthewatt-hourhigher,itisthatmuchlonger

(C)thehigherthewatt-hourrating,thelonger

(D)thehigherthewatt-hourrating,itisthatmuchlongerthat

(E)whenthewatt-hourratingishigher,thelongeritis

3.Althoughasurgeinretailsaleshaveraisedhopesthatthereisarecoveryfinallyunderway,manyeconomistssaythatwithoutalargeamountofspendingtherecoverymightnotlast.

(A)haveraisedhopesthatthereisarecoveryfinally

(B)raisedhopesfortherebeingarecoveryfinally

(C)hadraisedhopesforarecoveryfinallybeing

(D)hasraisedhopesthatarecoveryisfinally

(E)raisedhopesforarecoveryfinally

1.主谓单复数(杀伤力最强),注意倒装形式中的主谓搭配(fromwhichderivesbothAandB,错误,因为AandB,谓语用复数)

2.therebe是一种冗余的结构

3.being出现基本不正确,但有例外

4.raised的过去时用法是正确的,但用现在完成时更好,表示持续到现在

5.过去完成时的用法就不对了,没有过去的时间点。

6.hopeforsthorhopethat……原文更想表达的是“复苏已经开始”的希望,所以不是单单对某种事物的希望。

用后一种比较好。

这个原理好像就是“事物”“事物的变化”这两个概念的区别,很多时候我们要的是“事物在变化”,而不仅仅是“事物”。

这个逻辑考察点在GMAT中也比较常考到。

4.Attheendofthe1930s,DukeEllingtonwaslookingforacomposertoassisthim—someonenotonlywhocouldarrangemusicforhissuccessfulbigband,butmirroringhiseccentricwritingstyleaswellinordertofinishthemanypieceshehadstartedbutnevercompleted.

(A)someonenotonlywhocouldarrangemusicforhissuccessfulbigband,butmirroringhiseccentricwritingstyleaswellinordertofinish

(B)someonewhocouldnotonlyarrangemusicforhissuccessfulbigband,butalsomirrorhiseccentricwritingstyleinordertofinish

(C)someonewhonotonlycouldarrangemusicforhissuccessfulbigband,butalsotomirrorhiseccentricwritingstyleinfinishing

(D)thatbeingsomeonewhocouldnotonlyarrangemusicforhissuccessfulbigband,butmirroringhiseccentricwritingstyleforfinishing

(E)beingsomeonenotonlywhocouldarrangemusicforhissuccessfulbigband,butmirrorhiseccentricwritingstyleaswell,finishing

1.notonly….Butalso….固定搭配,而且是平行的标志词,但要注意题目中究竟是不是需要这个递进关系的连词,还是仅仅需要转折,如果是后者,那么仅仅是not…..but……就可以了。

2.todo>fordoing/ofdoing,(杀伤力弱)

3.破折号,一个的时候当逗号;两个的时候当可以把破折号成对的去掉。

5.Ofallthevasttidesofmigrationthathavesweptthroughhistory,maybenoneismoreconcentratedasthewavethatbrought12millionimmigrantsontoAmericanshoresinlittlemorethanthreedecades.

(A)maybenoneismoreconcentratedas

(B)itmaybethatnoneismoreconcentratedas

(C)perhapsitisnonethatismoreconcentratedthan

(D)maybeitisnonethatwasmoreconcentratedthan

(E)perhapsnonewasmoreconcentratedthan

1.maybe不对(但注意OG上说maybe和perhaps是可以互换的)

2.比较级比用than,as用错

3.时态

4.it的代词指代that从句:

1.that从句在句中作主语2.that从句在句中作宾语。

这里it如果是强调句,明显改变了原句的含义。

6.Diabetes,togetherwithitsseriouscomplications,ranksasthenation'sthirdleadingcauseofdeath,surpassedonlybyheartdiseaseandcancer.

(A)ranksasthenation'sthirdleadingcauseofdeath,surpassedonly

(B)rankasthenation'sthirdleadingcauseofdeath,onlysurpassed

(C)hastherankofthenation'sthirdleadingcauseofdeath,onlysurpassed

(D)arethenation'sthirdleadingcausesofdeath,surpassedonly

(E)havebeenrankedasthenation'sthirdleadingcausesofdeath,onlysurpassed

1.diabetes,是单数;而且awithb结构,谓语看a。

本句中两个逗号之间的内容如果全部去掉的话也可以得出用Ranks的单数形式。

2.only的用法,放在被限定的词语之前。

如果放在surpass之前,意思就变成了“仅仅被超过,没有被其他怎么样。

”放在heartdisease之前,则说明仅仅只是被heartdisease和cancer超过,没有被其他的超过,因此only的位置不能变。

3.这里的surpassed修饰的是cause,在任何情况下,V-ed都会作为形容词,修饰紧邻名词,作定语。

修饰名词,touch-rule,这个和没有逗号的v-ing相似,还记得prep08里compare的那题么,compare可以不修饰前面的名词,

7.Theintricatestructureofthecompoundinsecteye,havinghundredsofminiatureevescalledommatidia,helpexplainwhyscientistshaveassumedthatitevolvedindependentlyofthevertebrateeye.

(A)havinghundredsofminiatureeyescalledommatidia,helpexplainwhyscientistshaveassumedthatit

(B)havinghundredsofminiatureeyesthatarecalledommatidia,helpsexplainwhyscientistshaveassumedthatthey

(C)withitshundredsofminiatureeyesthatarecalledommatidia,helpsexplainscientists'assumingthatthey

(D)withitshundredsofminiatureeyescalledommatidia,helpexplainscientists'assumingthatit

(E)withitshundredsofminiatureeyescalledommatidia,helpsexplainwhyscientistshaveassumedthatit

1.主谓单复数,常常会在主语之后加很多的修饰语然后来考这个。

目的是隔开主谓,放松警惕。

2.n+that+be。

冗余但是直接用N+that+be就把选项给排除了是有风险的。

除非时间来不及,还是应该要努力把其余的选项都过一下。

3.they指代insecteye不合理

8.Inlate1997,thechambersinsidethepyramidofthePharaohMenkaureatGizawereclosedtovisitorsforcleaningandrepairduetomoistureexhaledbytourists,whichraiseditshumiditytosuchlevelssothatsaltfromthestonewascrystallizingandfunguswasgrowingonthewalls.

(A)duetomoistureexhaledbytourists,whichraiseditshumiditytosuchlevelssothatsaltfromthestonewascrystallizing

(B)duetomoisturethattouristshadexhaled,therebyraisingitshumiditytosuchlevelsthatsaltfromthestonewouldcrystallize

(C)becausetouristswereexhalingmoisture,whichhadraisedthehumiditywithinthemtolevelssuchthatsaltfromthestonewouldcrystallize

(D)becauseofmoisturethatwasexhaledbytouristsraisingthehumiditywithinthemtolevelssohighastomakethesaltfromthestonecrystallize

(E)becausemoistureexhaledbytouristshadraisedthehumiditywithinthemtosuchlevelsthatsaltfromthestonewascrystallizing

1.A,B,D同样犯了一个“事物”和“事物变化”的错误,用了介词(dueto,becauseof),那就是表示“事物”,但是文章所要表达的是“事物变化”,即湿气提高了湿度,使得XXX关闭,而不是湿气使XX关闭。

这是经常考的逻辑问题。

联系

2.its不能指代chambers,看到句子的主语,就要留意单复数的问题。

3.such….sothat…..搭配错误

4.最后不平行

5.这里的so….asto是正确的搭配,表示的是“以至于”的意思,与soasto不同(表示的是inorderto)的意思,而且soasto出现即错。

6.Ron关于介词指代歧义的说法:

1.应该到最后才用这个规律排除,一般不要考虑,比如这里的them会不会指代tourists2.如果有名词取代代词,那是正确答案出现的标志。

9.In1979lackofrainreducedIndia'sriceproductiontoabout41milliontons,nearly25percentlessthanthoseofthe1978harvest.

(A)lessthanthoseofthe1978harvest

(B)lessthanthe1978harvest

(C)lessthan1978

(D)fewerthan1978

(E)fewerthanthatofIndia's1978harvest

1.在几乎所有的those/thatof引导的比较问题,OG的选项前面都会有个与that/thoseof对称的结构来认为that/those是指代noun/nounsof中的noun/nouns

2.fewer修饰可数名词,less修饰不可数名词。

Those表示的是可数,that表示的是不可数,所以A,E就自我矛盾了。

3.从语义上,应该比的是production,所以用less,production和harvest的比较

10.Thewidelyacceptedbigbangtheoryholdsthattheuniversebeganinanexplosiveinstanttentotwentybillionyearsagoandhasbeenexpandingeversince.

(A)thattheuniversebeganinanexplosiveinstanttentotwentybillionyearsagoandhasbeenexpanding

(B)thattheuniversehadbeguninanexplosiveinstanttentotwentybillionyearsagoandhadbeenexpanding

(C)thatthebeginningoftheuniversewasanexplosiveinstanttentotwentybillionyearsagothathasexpanded

(D)thebeginningoftheuniversetohavebeenanexplosiveinstanttentotwentybillionyearsagothatisexpanding

(E)theuniversetohavebeguninanexplosiveinstanttentotwentybillionyearsagoandhasbeenexpanding

1.宾语从句必要加that

2.时态问题---过去完成时没有相应的时间点

3.动词>形容词>抽象名词》动名词》从句

4.GMAT中常见的另一种逻辑错误是:

什么是什么?

比如C中说的beginning是instant,就是不符合逻辑的说法

5.C中把原来平行的句子变成了从属的关系,必错。

11.LiketheidolizationaccordedtheBrontesandBrownjngs,JamesJoyceandVirginiaWoolfareoftensubjectedtothekindofvenerationthatblursthedistinctionbetweentheartistandthehumanbeing.

(A)LiketheidolizationaccordedtheBrontesandBrownings,

(B)AstheBrontes'andBrownings'idolization,

(C)LikethataccordedtotheBrontesandBrownings,

(D)AsitisoftheBrontesandBrownings,

(E)LiketheBrontesandBrownings,

Like放句首,比较对象一致。

Like后面只跟名词

12.Carnivorousmammalscanendurewhatwouldotherwisebelethallevelsofbodyheatbecausetheyhaveaheat-exchangenetworkwhichkeptthebrainfromgettingtoohot.

(A)whichkept

(B)thatkeeps

(C)whichhaskept

(D)thathasbeenkeeping

(E)havingkept(havingdone不能做名词的后置定语)

1.时态

2."Having+pastparticiple"willonlybeanounmodifierwhenthatnounisthesubjectofaclause(不确定,25神经科学家)

3.havingdone和havingbeendone都不是动名词结构,不能充当名词成分,所以不能做主语或宾语等名词可以充当的成分,也不能做后置定语

4.havingdone短语中所表达的内容发生在主句动作之前(就像neuroscientist那题)

13.Thereareseveralwaystobuildsolidwallsusingjustmudorclay,butthemostextensivelyusedmethodhasbeentheformingofbricksoutofmudorclay,and,aftersomepreliminaryairdryingorsundrying,theyarelaidinthewallinmudmortar.

(A)theformingofbricksoutofmudorclay,and,aftersomepreliminaryairdryingorsundrying,theyarelaid

(B)formingthemudorclayintobricks,and,afters

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