高考英语复习阅读理解汇编74.docx

高考英语复习阅读理解汇编74.docx

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高考英语复习阅读理解汇编74

2017高考英语阅读理解汇编（74）

阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Riversmaybeasignificantsourceofthegreenhousegasnitrousoxide（一氧化二氮）,scientistsnowfind.

TheircalculationsuggeststhatacrosstheglobethewaterwayscontributethreetimestheamountofnitrousoxidetotheatmosphereashadbeenestimatedbytheInternationalPanelonClimateChange（IPCC）,theUnitedNationsscientificbodychargedwithreviewingclimatechangeresearch.Theyfoundthattheamountofnitrousoxideproducedinstreamsisrelatedtohumanactivitiesthatreleasenitrogen（氮）intotheenvironment,suchasfertilizeruseandsewagedischarges.

“Humanactivities,includingfossilfuelcombustionandintensiveagriculture,haveincreasedtheavailabilityofnitrogenintheenvironment,”saidJakeBeaulieuoftheUniversityofNotreDameandtheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyinCincinnati,Ohio,andleadauthorofthepaperpublishedthisweekinthejournalProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.

“Muchofthisnitrogenistransportedintoriverandstreamnetworks,”Beaulieusaid.There,microbes（微生物）convertthenitrogenintonitrousoxide（alsocalledlaughinggas）andaninertgascalleddinitrogen（二氮）.

Thefindingisimportant,theresearcherssay,becausenitrousoxideisapowerfulgreenhousegasthatcontributestoclimatechangeanddestructionofthestratosphere’sozonelayer,whichprotectsusfromthesun’sharmfulultraviolet（紫外线）radiation.Comparedwithcarbondioxide,nitrousoxideis300-foldmorepowerfulintermsofitswarmingpotential,thoughcarbondioxideisafarmorecommongreenhousegas.Scientistsestimatenitrousoxideaccountsforabout6percentofhuman-inducedclimatechange.

Beaulieuandcolleaguesmeasurednitrousoxideproductionratesin72streams.Whensummedacrosstheglobe,theresultsshowedriversandstreamsarethesourceofatleast10percentofhuman-causednitrousoxideemissionstotheatmosphere.

“Changesinagriculturalandland-usepracticesthatresultinlessnitrogenbeingdeliveredtostreamswouldreducenitrousoxideemissionsfromrivernetworks,”Beaulieusaid.

1.Fromthesecondparagraphwecanlearn　　　.

A.actuallyriversgiveoffmuchmorenitrousoxidethanexpected

B.scientists’calculationistotallywrong

C.humanactivitiesreleasenitrousoxideintotherivers

D.thereisnonitrogeninfertilizer

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthesourceofnitrogen?

A.Fertilizeruse.B.Sewagedischarges.

C.Fossilfuelcombustion.D.Climatechange.

3.Nitrousoxideisapowerfulgreenhousegasbecause　　　.

A.itcanprotectusfromthesun’sharmfulultravioletradiation

B.itistoblameformostofhuman-inducedclimatechange

C.itisafarmorecommongreenhousegas

D.ithasmuchmorewarmingpotentialthancarbondioxide

4.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellsus?

A.Riversmaybeasourceofthegreenhousegasnitrousoxide.

B.It’shumanactivitiesthatreleasenitrogenintotheenvironment.

C.Howtoreducenitrousoxideemissionsfromrivernetworks

DWhattodowiththeclimatechangecausedbynitrousoxide.

【参考答案】1—4、ADDA　　

较难题目特训：

节能环保类

阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

TheMaldivesfacesthethreatofextinctionfromrisingsealevels,butthegovernmentsaidonThursdayitwaslookingtothefuturewithplanstobuild

homesandagolfcoursethatfloat.

Anincreaseinsealevelsofjust18to59centimeterswouldmaketheMaldives—anationoftinycoralislandsintheIndianOcean—virtuallyuninhabitableby2100,theUN’sclimatechangepanelhaswarned.

PresidentMohamedNasheedhasvowedafightforsurvival,andlastmonthhesignedadealwithaDutchcompanytostudyproposalsforafloatingstructurethatcouldsupportaconferencecentre,homesandan18-holegolfcourse.

“Itisstillearlystagesandweareawaitingareportonthepracticality,”agovernmentofficialwhodeclinedtobenamedsaid.

Thecompany,DutchDocklands,iscurrentlybuildingfloatingdevelopmentsintheNetherlandsandDubai.Therewasnoimmediatecommentfromthefirmbutitswebsitesaiditundertookprojectsthatmake“landfromwaterbyprovidinglarge-scalefloatingconstructionstocreatesimilarconditionsasonland”.

TheMaldivesbegantoworkonanartificialislandknownastheHulhumalenearthecrowdedcapitalislandofMalein1997andmorethan30,000peoplehavebeensettledtheretoeasecongestion.Thecity,whichhasapopulationof100,000,isalreadyprotectedfromrisingsealevelsbya30-million-dollarseawall,andthegovernmentisconsideringincreasinglyimaginativewaystocombatclimatechange.

Nasheed,whostagedtheworld’sfirstunderwatercabinetmeetinginOctobertohighlighthispeople’sseriousanddifficultsituation,hasevenspokenofbuyinglandelsewhereintheworldtoenableMaldivianstorelocateiftheirhomesarecompletedcovered.

Hehasalsopromisedtoturnhisnationintoa

modelfortherestoftheworldbybecoming“carbonneutral”by2020.Hisplaninvolvesendingfossilfueluseandpoweringallvehiclesandbuildingsfrom“green”sourcessuchasburningcoconuthusks.

1.WhydoyouthinkMohamedNasheedchoseDutchDocklands?

A.Becauseithasexperienceinbuildingfloatingstructure.

B.Becauseithasagoodfamethroughouttheworld.

C.Becauseitchargedmuchlessthanothercompanies.

D.Becauseitsupportsbuildingfloatingstructuresintheworld.

2.TheHulhumalewasbuiltwiththepurposeof　　　.

A.attractingmorevisitorsB.makingitanewcapital

C.makingthecapitallesscrowdedD.fightingagainstclimatechange

3.Accordingtothelasttwoparagraphs,Nasheedisapersonwho　　　.

A.

hassucceededinbuyinglandabroadB.ismorethanwell-known

C.hasthoughtmoreforhisnationD.hasstoppedusingfossilfuel

4.Theunderlinedword“vowed”inparagraph3canbereplacedby　　　.

A.ended　　　　B.promised　　　　C.failed　　　　D.weighed

【参考答案】1—4、ACCB　

较难题目特训：

节能环保类

阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

PLAYAGRANDE,COSTARICA?

ThisresorttownwaslongknownforLeatherbackSeaTurtle（棱皮龟）nationalPark,nightlyturtlebeachtoursandevenaseaturtlemuseum.However,onabeachwheredozensofturtlesusedtonestonagivennight,scientistsspiedonly32leatherbacksalloflastyear.

Withleatherbacksthreatenedwithextinction（灭绝）,PlayaGrande’sturtlemuseumwasabandonedthreeyearsagoandnowsitsamongaseaofweeds.AndthebeachsideticketofficeforturtletourswaswashedawaybyahightideinSeptember.“Wedonotpromotethatasaturtletourismdestinationanymorebecausewerealizetherearefartoofewturtlestoplease,”saidAlvaroFonseca,aparkranger（管理员）.

Evenbeforescientistsfoundtemperaturesgoingupoverthepastdecade,seaturtleswerethreatenedbybeachdevelopment,driftnetfishingandCostaRicansinterestineatingturtleeggs.ButclimatechangemaycausethemostseriousharmtoananimalthathaslivedinthePacificfor150millionyears.

Seaturtlesaresensitivetonumerouseffectsofwarming.Theyfeedonreefs,whicharedyinginhotterseas.Theylayeggsonbeachesthatarebeingcoveredbyrisingseasandmoreviolentwaves.

Moreuniquelytheirgender（性别）isdetermined,notbygenesbutbytheegg’stemperatureduringdevelopment.Smallrisesinbeachtemperaturescanresultinail-femalepopulations,obviouslyproblematicforsurvival.Ifthesandaroundtheeggshits30degreesCelsius,thegenderbalanceshitstofemales:

atabout32degreestheyareallfemale.Above34,yougetboiledeggs.

Onsomenestingbeaches,scientistsareartificiallycoolingnestswithshadeorirrigationandtryingtoprotectbroaderareasofcoastalpropertyfromdevelopmenttoensurethatturtleshaveaplacetonestastheseasrise.

1.Whydoestheresorttownstoppromotingit’sturtletourism?

A.Itdecidesnottodisturbtheturtles’normallife.

B.Touristshavelostinterestinwatchingturtles.

C.Thereareonlyveryfewturtlesnow.

D.Theturtlemuseumwasdestroyedbyahightide.

2.Whichofthefollowingisthemajorfactorintheturtlesendangerment?

A.Thelocalseatinghabit.　　　　B.Driftnetfishing.

C.Beachdevelopment.　　　　D.Globalwarming.

3.Welearnfromthelastparagraphthatscientists　　　.

A.aredoingresearchontheseariseB.aremovingturtlestonewhomes

C.areprotectingturtles’nestsD.aregettingridofseaweeds

4.Thepassageintendsto　　　.

A.introduceaspecialkindofseaturtle

B.explainthemysteryofturtles’eggs

C.showthedangersacertainkindofturtleisfacing

D.attractmorevisitorstoaseaturtlemuseum

【参考答案】1—4、CDCC　　

较难题目特训：

节能环保类

阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Sometimes,thesimplestideasarethebest.Forexample,toabsorbheatfromthesuntoheatwater,youneedlarge,flat,blacksurfaces.Onewaytodothatistobuildthosesurfacesspecially,ontheroofsofbuildings.Butwhygotoallthattroublewhencitiesarefullofblacksurfacesalready,intheformofasphalt（柏油）roads?

Tenyearsago,thisthoughtcameintothemindofAriandeBondt,aDutchengineer.Hefinallypersuadedhisbosstofollowitup.Theresultisthattheirbuildingisnowheatedinwinterandcooledinsummerbyasystemthatreliesonthesurfaceoftheroadoutside.

Theheat-collectorisasystemofconnectedwaterpipes.Mostofthemrunfromonesideofthestreettotheother,justundertheasphaltroad.Some,however,divedeepintotheground.

Whenthestreetsurfacegetshotinsummer,waterpumpedthroughthepipespicksupthisheatandtakesitundergroundthroughoneofthedivingpipes.Atadepthof100metresliesanaturalaquifer（蓄水层）intowhichseveralheatexchangers（交换器）havebeenbuilt.Theh