人文英语阅读教程3单元AB语言点.docx
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人文英语阅读教程3单元AB语言点
Unit3BiographiesofCelebrities
TextAWinstonChurchill
Lead-inActivitiesChurchill’sLife
1.Politics
A.1900…ConservativeMP（MembersofParliament）forOldham奥尔汉姆保守党下院议员
1906…Under-SecretaryofState副国务卿（或国务次卿）
1908…PresidentoftheBoardofTrade.贸易大臣（贸易委员会主席）
1910...HomeSecretary内政大臣
1911…FirstLordoftheAdmiralty英国海军大臣
1912…RoyalNavalAirService&AirDepartment英国海军航空队（RNAS）
1915…ChancelloroftheDuchyofLancaster兰卡斯特公爵郡大臣
1919...MinisterofWarandAir战争与航空大臣
1921…ColonialSecretary殖民地大臣
B.DefeatedbyE.D.MorelatDundee（敦提，英国苏格兰东部港市）in1922GeneralElection
SuccessfullyelectedtorepresentEppinginthe1924GeneralElection
StanleyBaldwin,theleaderofthenewConservativeadministration,appointedChurchillasChancelloroftheExchequer
In1929,Churchilllostoffice
COntheoutbreakoftheSecondWorldWar，ChurchillwasappointedFirstLordoftheAdmiraltyandon4thApril1940becamechairmanoftheMilitaryCoordinatingCommittee军事协调委员会.
InMay,1940,hebecamePrimeMinisterandMinisterofDefenseandremainedinofficeuntil1945.
AfterPearlHarborChurchillworkedcloselywithFranklinD.RoosevelttoensurevictoryoverGermanyandJapan.HewasalsoaloyalallyoftheSovietUnionafterAdolfHitlerlaunchedOperationBarbarossa巴巴罗萨行动inJune,1941.
ChurchillheldimportantmeetingswithFranklinD.RooseveltandJosephStalinatTeheran德黑兰（November,1943）andYalta雅尔塔（February,1945）.
DHetookoverthepremiershipagainintheConservativevictoryof1951andresignedin1955.
HeremainedaMemberofParliamentuntilthegeneralelectionof1964,whenhedidnotseekre-election.
2.Literature
Churchill'sliterarycareerbeganwithcampaignreports:
TheStoryoftheMalakandFieldForce（1898）andTheRiverWar（1899）
1900,hepublishedhisonlynovel,Savrola
1906,hisfirstmajorwork,thebiographyofhisfather,LordRandolphChurchill
1933-1938,hisotherfamousbiography,thelifeofhisgreatancestor,TheDukeofMarlborough
1923-1929,Churchill'shistoryoftheFirstWorldWarTheWorldCrisis
1930,anautobiographicalaccountofhisyouth,MyEarlyLife
1948-1953/54,hismemoirsoftheSecondWorldWar
1956-1958,HistoryoftheEnglish-speakingPeoples
Hismagnificentoratory:
TheUnrelentingStruggle（1942）,TheDawnofLiberation（1945）,andVictory（1946）.
3.Art
Churchill,agiftedamateurpainter,wrotePaintingasaPastime（1948）.
Beforereadingthetextclosely,scantofindtheanswerstothefollowingquestions.
WhatdidChurchilldoinIndiaandtheSudanbetween1895and1898?
A:
Hewaspresentbothasawarcorrespondentandasaservingofficerthere.
WhathelpedChurchillwinaNobelPrizeforLiterature?
A:
TheHistoryoftheSecondWorldWar.
HowoldwasChurchillwhenheenteredParliament?
A:
Hewas26.
WhateventcausedAmerica’sentryintotheSecondWorldWar?
A:
JapaneseattackofPearlHarboronDec.7，1941.
WhodominatedtheallianceaftertheD-dayinvasion?
A:
TheRusso-Americannexus.
Notesandinformationrelatedtothetext
1.Asayoungmanofundistinguishedacademicaccomplishment—hewasadmittedtoSandhurstaftertwofailedattempts-—heenteredthearmyasacavalryofficer.（Para.1）
Meaning:
Havingachievednothingsignificantinhisstudy,youngChurchillwasfinallyenrolledinSandhurstRoyalMilitaryAcademyaftertwofailuresasacavalryofficer.
Sandhurst:
atownwhichliessome30miles（48km）west-southwestofLondon,bestknownforthenearbyRoyalMilitaryAcademy.Mostofthe
potentialregularofficersfortheBritisharmyundergoacourseofgeneralandmilitaryeducationasofficercadetsattheacademy,commonlycalledSandhurst.
2.Hetookenthusiasticallytosoldieringandbetween1895and1898managedtoseethreecampaigns…（Para.1）
taketo:
1）becomefondoforattachedto;begintolike
E.G.Twokeenmindsthattheyare,theytooktoeachother.
2）starttodosomethingoften;developasahabitorasteadypractice
E.G.Hegaveupengineeringandtooktomedicine.
3）takerefugein,useasameansofescape,runaway
E.G.Theescapedprisonertooktothemountain.
此句意为:
他对军事显出了极大热情,在1895到1898年间，他设法见识到了三场战役。
3.Thusherevealedtwootheraspectsofhischaracter:
aliterarybentandaninterestinpublicaffairs.（Para.1）
bent:
n.atendency,disposition,orinclination
E.G.Thenaturalbentofhismindwastoscience.
v.
1）formacurve,changedirection
E.G.Thebranchesbendinthewind.
2）makeaconcession;yield
E.G.Isitpossibletobendnaturetohumanwill?
3）applyoneselfclosely;concentrate
E.G.Hebent（hismind）totheresearchproject.
此句意为:
因此他显示出了性格中的另外两个方面:
文学倾向和政治兴趣。
4.Writing,however,neverfullyengagedhisenergies.Politicsconsumedhim.（Para.2）
consume:
v.
1）expend;useup
E.G.Theprojectconsumedmostofmytimeandenergy.
2）destroytotally
E.G.Theflamesconsumedthehouse.
3）purchasegoodsandservices
E.G.TheMongoliansliveinasocietythatconsumesasfastasitproduces
4）takeinasfood;eatordrinkup
E.G.EachyearAmericansconsumehugeamountsofpotatoes.
此句意为:
然而写作从来没有占据他的全部精力。
政治却耗尽了他的一生。
5.Hisdisapprovalsurelystung,butChurchillreactedbyveneratinghisfather’smemory.（Para.2）
sting:
v.
1）causeasharppainordiscomfort,causetosufferkeenlyinthemindorfeelings
E.G.Heringratitudestunghim.
Thoseharshwordsstungmebitterly.
2）pierceorwoundpainfullywithorasifwithasharp-pointedstructureororgan
E.G.Iwasstungbythebee.
此句意为:
父亲的不以为然确实很让他感到剌痛，但是丘吉尔却对父亲的忆力推崇备至。
6.Winstonfoughttorestorehisfather’shonorinParliament（whereithadbeendentedbytheConservativeParty）.（Para.2）
Parliament:
legislativeassemblyoftheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.ItisthesovereignpowerofGreatBritain,whereasthemonarchremainssovereigninnameonly.Parliamentconsists,technically,ofthemonarch,theHouseofCommons,andtheHouseofLords,butthewordincommonusagereferstothemembersofthetwohousesortoCommonsalone.ThegreatpoweroftheHouseofCommonslies,historically,initscontrolofgovernmentfinances.ParliamentishousedinWestminsterPalace.
theConservativeParty:
Britishpoliticalparty,formallytheConservativeandUnionistpartyandacontinuationofthehistoricToryparty.
7.ThusitwasaspoliticalheadoftheRoyalNavyattheoutbreakoftheFirstWorldWarin1914thathesteppedontotheworldstage.（Para.3）
Note：
Thisisanemphaticsentencepatternandthecommonsentenceordershouldbe:
ThushesteppedontotheworldstageaspoliticalheadoftheRoyalNavyattheoutbreakoftheFirstWorldWarin1914.
E.G.ItwasfromSusanthatheheardofthenews.
ItwasOxfordUniversitythatheenteredfiveyearsago.
8.Apassionatebelieverinthenavy，shistoricstrategicrole,heimmediatelycommittedtheRoyalNavalDivisiontoaninterventionintheFlanderscampaignin1914.（Para.4）
committo:
1）entrust
E.G.Hecommittedustothecareofhisdrawings.
2）giveup,handoverto
E.G.Theycommitthepatienttoa.mentalhospital.
3）pledge,bind（oneself）
E.G.Iwon’tcommitmyselftothatcourseofaction.
9.Churchillwastrulyaromantic,butalsotrulyademocrat.Hehadreturnedtothegoldstandard,forinstance,becausehecherished,forromanticreasons,Britain’sstatusasagreatfinancialpower.（Para.5）
goldstandard:
monetarysysteminwhichthestandardunitofcurrencyisafixedquantityofgoldoriskeptatthevalueofafixedquantityofgold.Thecurrencyisfreelyconvertibleathomeorabroadintoafixedamountofgoldperunitofcurrency.
10.In1935hewarnedtheHouseofCommonsoftheimportancenotonlyof“self-preservationbutalsoofthehumanandtheworldcauseofthepreservationoffreegovernmentsandofWesterncivilizationagainsttheeveradvancingsourcesofauthorityanddespotism”.（Para.5）
Meaning：
In1935，hewarnedtheHouseofCommonsthatitwasimportanttoprotectEnglandfrominvasion,anditwasalsoimportant,forthehumanandworldcause,tomaintainfreeandindependentgovernmentsandtheWesterncivilizationtofightagainsttheforwardmovingtyranny.
此句意为：
1935年他警告下议院，不仅自我保护很重要，而且为了人类和世界的事业，保卫自由政府和西方文明免遭曾一度强盛的独裁主义的践踏也尤为重要。
11.HeneverthelessrefusedHitler’soffersofpeace,organizedasuccessfulairdefensethatledtothevictoryoftheBattleofBritainandmeanwhilesentmostofwhatremainedoftheBritisharmy,afteritsescapefromthehumiliationofDunkirk,totheMiddleEasttoopposeHitlerVItalianally,Mussolini.（Para.6）
此句意为：
然而，他拒绝了希特勒提出的“和平”，组织了成功的空中防御，臝得了不列颠之战的胜利；同时，在敦刻尔克大溃退后,他把大部分英军的剩余兵力派往中东，与希特勒的意大利同盟者墨索里尼作战。
12.ItsvictoriesagainstMussoliniduring1940〜1941bothhumiliatedandinfuriatedHitler,whileitsinterventioninGreece,toopposeHitler’sinvasionoftheBalkans,disruptedtheNazidictator’splanstoconcludeGermanconquestsinEuropebydefeatingRussia.（Para.7）
此句意为：
1940〜1941$间，英军对墨索里尼的胜利使希特細恼羞成怒。
为反对希特勒入侵巴尔干，英军对希腊进行军事干涉,瓦解了纳粹独裁者通过打垮俄国实现德国征服欧洲的计划。
13.Defeatsin1940hadweakeneditfurther,ashadtheliquidationofitsinternationalinvestmentstofunditsearlywarefforts.（Para.9）
Meaning：
Toprovidefundingforitsearlywar,Britainhadsettleditsinternationalinvestment,whichhadweakeneditspositionintheworld;andthedefeatsin1940hadweakeneditspopulation,industry,andfinance.
14.During1942，theprestigeBritainhadwonasHitler’sonlyenemyallowedChurchilltosustainparityofleadershipintheanti-NazialliancewithRooseveltandStalin.（Para.9）
sustain:
v.maintain
E.G.Thefoundationswerenotstrongenoughtosustaintheweightofthehouse.
Thecourtsustainedherclaimthatthecontractwasillegal.
此句意为:
在l942年期间,英国被桃为希牿勒唯一
升级会员 