The 13th FiveYear Plan PeriodA Decisive Stage.docx
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The13thFiveYearPlanPeriodADecisiveStage
The13thFive-YearPlanPeriodADecisiveStage
WHATisChina’sblueprintforachievingthegoalofbuildingamoderatelyprosperoussocietyinallrespectsby2020,andhowtoimplementit?
DuringtheFourthSessionofthe12thNationalPeople’sCongresslastMarch,PremierLiKeqiangofferedathoroughexplanationwhendeliveringthe2015reportongovernmentwork.
Takingintoconsiderationvariousscenariosoverthenextfiveyears,bothathomeandabroad,the13thFiveYearPlanadvancesthemainobjectivesandindicatorsforChina’seconomicandsocialdevelopmentintheyearsleadingupto2020.Thecomprehensiveblueprintwasformulatedinlightoftheneedsofhumanbeings,aimingtopromotethepeople’sroundeddevelopment,andtheircomprehensivedevelopment.
Theblueprint’smaingoalsincludefourcategories,namely:
economicdevelopment(fourgoals,16percentoftotal),innovation(four,16percent),people’swell-being(seven,28percent),andresourcesandenvironment(10,33percent).
Thesegoalsalsodemonstratetheresolutionofalllevelsofgovernmentstoallocatepublicresources(includingpublicfinance,publicinvestment,publicfacilities,andpublicpolicymeasures)inarationalway,toprovidepublicservices,andactivelycultivateamarketpresentingacongenialenvironmentforinvestmentandbusinessundertheruleoflaw,andtherebytoreduceextrinsicrisksandcosts.
TheFirstTime:
aTargetZone
Theaverageannualeconomicgrowthinthetimeframeofthenewfive-yearplanissetatabove6.5percent.Itisacoregoaloftheplan,aswellasactingasaweathervaneforthecountry’seconomicdevelopment.Thenewblueprintforthefirsttimechangesthecustomaryfixedgrowthrategoaltoatargetzone.Itindicatesthegovernment’sscientificandrationalthinking,andalsoallowsleewayforfluctuations.
China’seconomyhassurpassedUS$10trillioninscale,anditsintegrationintotheworldeconomyisnowextensiveanddeeply-rooted.Thesefactorsinjectevenmorecomplexitiesanduncertaintiesintothecountry,bothathomeandfromabroad.Adoptingatargetzoneitselfisaninnovationinthemeansofmacroeconomiccontrol.The“above6.5percent”targetwillensurethedoublingofGDPandincomepercapitaofurbanandruralresidentsin2020asagainstthe2010level.Thisclear“bottomline”signalsanaccuratemessagetothemarketandinternationalsociety,aswellastheresolveto“racetothetop”andattainsevenpercentgrowth. Toaccelerateoptimizingandupgradingoftheindustrialstructureisakeyfeatureofthe“newnormal”phaseChina’seconomyiscurrentlyundergoing.Asregardsthethreemajorindustries,the13thFive-YearPlanaimstoexpandtheshareoftheserviceindustryinGDPandemploymentinthissectorbysomesixpercentagepointscomparedwiththe2015level,orupto56percentand46.6percentrespectively.Atthesametime,agriculturalemploymentisestimatedtodeclinetoaround23percent.Agriculturalmodernizationwillbegreatlyboosted,however,inordertoconstructamodernagriculturalmanagementsystem.Thestatusofmodernmanufacturingandstrategicemergingindustrieswilllikewiserise.Accordingtotheplan,thefuturewillseerapiddevelopmentofneweconomies,newtypesofbusinessandfrontierareas,aswellasexpansionofthecyber-economy.Theplanalsopledgestofacilitategreenindustries,andopenupthemaritimeeconomy.
ThemaintaskofthenewplanistoimprovelaborproductivitypercapitafromRMB87,000toRMB120,000,andregisteranaverageannualgrowthofover6.6percent.Thefive-yearplanincludesthiselementforthefirsttime,inresponsetothecontinuousdeclineoftheworkingagepopulationthatwillrenderlaborproductivityofkeycompetitivenessinthefuture.
PivotalFunctionofSci-TechInnovation
Theblueprintsetsasagoalthatscientificandtechno-logicalprogresswillcontributeasmuchas60percenttoeconomicgrowthby2020.Tothisend,totalR&Dexpenditures,asapercentageofGDP,willincreasefrom2.1percentin2015to2.5percent.ThisindicatesthatfundswillaccumulatetoRMB11.22trillion,roughlydoublingthatofthe12thFive-YearPlanperiod.
The13thFive-YearPlanperiodwillseethelaunchofsixmajorscientificandtechnologicalinnovativeprojects:
aviationenginesandgasturbines,deepseastations,quantumcommunicationsandquantumcomputers,brainscienceandbrain-inspiredintelligencetechnologyresearch,nationalcyberspacesecurity,deepspaceexploration,andin-orbitserviceandmaintenanceofspacevehicles.Anotherninemajorprojectsarealsointheoffing,namelyindependentinnovationintheseedindustry,cleanandefficientuseofcoal,smartgrid,integratedspaceandterrestrialcommunicationsystems,bigdata,smartmanufacturingandrobotics,developmentandapplicationsofnewmaterials,comprehensiveremediationoftheenvironmentoftheBeijing-Tianjin-Hebeiconurbation,andhealthsecurity. Agroupofhigh-levelnationalsciencecentersandtechnologicalinnovationcenterswillbebuilt,andBeijingandShanghaiwillhopefullyformthecentersofgravityforgloballyinfluentialinnovation.
Chinaisstrivingtoachievemajorbreakthroughsinbasicresearch,appliedresearchandstrategicfrontiersby2020.Itexpectstocontributesignificantlytobasicresearchforworldscientificdevelopment,andconsummatemajorinnovationsthatareabletosupportandleadeconomicandsocialdevelopment.ThecountryalsoexpressesitsfullsupporttoaidtheChineseAcademyofSciencesinbecomingatopinstitutionleadingtheworldinscientificresearch.
Thefive-yearplanaccordsprioritytotalentdevelopmentstrategies,aimingtoestablishnationalcomparativeadvantagesintalentcompetitivenessandbecomeatalent-richcountryby2020.Thepooloftalentisestimatedatmorethan200million,withtheproportionintheworkforcehikingto17.6percent.Thenumberofpeopleengagedinscientificandtechnologicaldevelopmentwilltotal80million.
By2020,Chinaisexpectedtowelcomeninemillionperson-timesofreturnedoverseasChinesestudents,foreignexpertsinvariousfields,andforeignstudents,allmanifestingthatChinaisanattractivedestinationfortalents.Tostudy,work,innovateandcreatebusinessinChinawillbecomeanewtrend.
NarrowingtheUrban-RuralGap
The13thFive-YearPlanproposesthecoretargetofnarrowingtheregionalgapbetweenurbanandruralareasforthefirsttimeinhistory.
Tothisend,akeymeasureistoadvanceanewhuman-centeredtypeofurbanization.Chinaisspeedingupitsurbanizationinordertoreach60percentby2020.Theprimarytaskistoimprovetheoverallcaliberoftheurbanpopulationandtheirlivingstandards,aswellastograntpermanenturbanresidencyinanorderlymannertothosecapableofholdingstablejobsandlivingincitiesandtowns.Newurbanizationalsomeansanintensiveandefficientproductionspace,alivablelivingspace,andacleanecologicalenvironment.
Theregionalgapindevelopmenthasbeennarrowingsince2004,buttheChinesegovernmentissettoslashtherelativedifferenceinGDPperpersonamongregionstobelow40percent,whileliftingtheequalizationofbasicpublicservices.Thestatusquoshowsthatthecurrentpolicypackageinthisregardisdoingverywell?
Cincludinggivingfullplaytothebellwetherfunctionsofcoastalareas,Westerndevelopment,revitalizationofoldindustrialbasesinNortheastChina,andtheriseofCentralChina?
Cinwhichthemarketalsoplaysamuchmoreactivepartinfacilitatingthemobilityofthepopulationandlaborforce.Jointeffortsbygovernmentandthemarkethaveledtocontinuousshrinkageoftheregionalgap.Asoftoday,thegovernmenthaslaunchedthreemoreinitiativesinadditiontotheaforementionedfourstrategies,styled“4+3,”namely,theBeltandRoadInitiative,theBeijing-Tianjin-Hebeicoordinateddevelopmentproject,andtheYangtzeRivereconomicbelt.Thenewpackagesketchesoutalargerpicturethatencompassesnotonlydomesticregions,butalsoneighboringcountries.Thiswillconsequentlypromoteintegrationoftheregionalandeventheworldeconomy,andsignificantlyreconfiguretheeconomicgeographyof21st-centuryChinaandtheworldatlarge. Inthenextfiveyears,Chinawillcontinuetoconstructmajorinfrastructureprojects.Theseinclude:
extendingthelengthofhigh-speedrailwaysinserviceto30,000kilometerssoastolinkmorethan80percentofbigcitiesinChina,buildingorupgrading150,000kilometersofexpressways,formingfour“economiccorridors”alongthecoastline,theYangtzeRiver,theborderlinesandtheBeltandRoad,buildingworld-classairportclustersintheBeijing-Tianjin-Hebeiregion,theYangtzeRiverDelta,andthePearlRiverDelta,boostingtheconstructionofinternationalshippingcentersinShanghai,Tianjin,DalianandXiamen,building3,000-kmofnewurbanrailwaylines,elevatingtheruralelectricreliabilityrateto99.8percent,andinstallingoptic-fiberaccessinabout98percentofadministrativevillagessoastorealizeafullcoverageofbroadbandnetworksinbothurbanandruralareas.
GreenProductionandLifestyle
The13thFive-YearPlanpromotesgreenproductionandliving,andacceleratesameliorateionoftheecologicalenvironment.ThegoalistobuildabeautifulChinawheretheskyisblue,thelandisgreen,andthewaterrunsclear.
Theplanfurtherreiteratestheimportanceoffarmlandprotection.Theamountofcultivatedlandmustremainessentiallyunchanged,andthelanddesignatedfornewconstructionprojectscontrolledatunder32.56millionmu(22mill