Analysis of different attitudes towards love reflected in Wuthering Heights英语论文.docx

Analysis of different attitudes towards love reflected in Wuthering Heights英语论文.docx

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AnalysisofdifferentattitudestowardslovereflectedinWutheringHeights英语论文

AnalysisofdifferentattitudestowardslovereflectedinWutheringHeights

.Introduction

A.IntroductiontoCatherineEarnshawandHeathcliff

TheheroandtheheroineofthenovelWutheringHeightsareHeathcliffandCatherine.ThemainpointofmythesisistoanalysistherelationshipbetweenHeathcliffandCatherine,thefateofCatherinewhosebetrayalofHeathcliffjustbroughtherendlesslypainandlovetragedy.Firsttheirestablishedrelationsarefoundbytherelationshipduringthedarkness.Theymeetbyfateandareendedbytheirdifferentchoiceoflove.

HeathcliffwasbroughttotheheightsbyoldEarnshawforhewasanabandonedchild.Afterhisdeath,hisson,HindlydeprivesHeathcliffofallthehumanrightsandtreatshimcruelly.Duringtheyearsofoppression,onlyCatherineoffershimwarmthandfriendship.Littlebylittle,theyfightagainstHindly’styranny,andsupporteachotherandtheirfriendshipbecomesstronger.Theirsameinterestandlifeconceptmakeabondofthetwo.Whentheyarebothindilemma,theytakeeachotherasspiritandthesunshineoflife,justasCatherinesays:

“HeismoremyselfthanIam.Whateveroursoulsaremadeof,hisandminearethesame.”“IamHeathcliff.Heisalwaysinmyheart;notaspleasure,butasmyownbeing.”（EmilyBronte,1999:

32）Heathcliffismoreofthevalueofherlife.InchoosingEdgar,sheischeatingtoherself,justaswhatHeathcliffcomments.Aloveoakisplantedinaflower-pot.SowhenHeathcliffreturnssheiseagertoseehimloveherallthesameandmaybemore.ShetriestocompromiseherfeelingswithwhatLintonclaims,butthatcanneverbedoneatall.Shecannotbearsuchsuffering,fallsillandneverrecovers.

B.IntroductiontoWutheringHeights

WutheringHeightsistheonlynovelofEmilyBrontewhodiedoftuberculosisin1884attheageofthirty.Thestoryofherlife,justlikethatofherbrothersandsisters,haslongsincetakenplaceamongthegreatliterarylegendsofBritainandpossessesanalmostmythicquality.Theuniquenessandbrillianceofherimagination,whichleadshertoproducingnoveluniqueinEnglishliterature,provideafascinatingsubjectforcriticalinquiry.Itisnotwithoutevidenceofconsiderablepower.Onthecontrary,itisastrangebookwhichiswild,confused,disjointedandimprobable.

Thenarrationtellsthetaleofthecolorfulandpassionate,yetfrustratedlovebetweenHeathcliffandCatherineEarnshaw,andhowtheirdifferentattitudestowardslovehasfinallydestroyedboththemselvesandmanyaroundthem.Itisalovetragedy.Emilypresentsalifeofadeformedsocietyanddrawstheoutlineofhumanitythatwaswarpedbytheabnormalsociety,andaseriesofterribleeventscausedbyit.Fromthisanglewecanlearnthatitsromanticingredientisrareespecially.

.AnalysisofdifferentattitudestowardslovereflectedinWutheringHeights

A.CatherineandHeathcliff’sattitudestowardlove

1.TheattitudeofCatherine

Inthenovel,Catherine'sloveofherlifeisnotpresenteddirectly,butthroughherbodylanguageandhersoulstrugglingpainfully,theexpressionloveisperformed.

Ononehand,CatherinemarriesLintonforsocialstatus.Inordertorealizethevalueofherself,andinthefaceofstatus,shechoosestomarryLinton.BymarryinghandsomeandrichLinton,shecanbecomealady,liveahappylifeintheThrushcrossGrange.Everypersoncandothemath.

Ontheotherhand,CatherinemarriesLintonasasacrificeforthehappinessofhertruelove.ShelovesHeathcliffsodeeplythatshewouldliketodoeverythingforhim,includingsacrificingherownhappylife.Soafterthedecisionismadetomarrythewrongperson,hersoulisstrugglingtomoan“IknowclearlyIwaswrong,ifinheavenIwillbepainfuldesperately,mymarryingEdgarLintonislikeinparadiseinthatkindofill-match.”（Bronte418）.IfshemarriesHeathcliff,HeathcliffwillalwaysbeundertheoppressionandtorturefromherbrotherHindlyandcannevergetrealliberty.ItwillbethebiggestpaininHeathcliff'slife,assheknowsdeeplyinherheartthatheisanambitiousman.ToCatherine,themeaningofthewholeworldisherlovetoHeathcliff,andtoproveherdeeplove,helpHeathclifftoraisehisheadagainandavoidtheinsultfromherbrother,shemarriedLintoninpain,withhermindbreakingthespiritofsoul.

2.TheattitudeofHeathcliff

Heathcliffadoptstheattitudetowardslove,whichismovingandpitiful,thatis,devotion.HedeeplylovesCatherine,andwhenheknowstheincentiveforCatherine’smarriagewithLinton,heshowshisdevotiontolove.

HeathcliffisanabandonedchildwhohasseldomgotwarmthandhelpfromtheworldexceptCatherine.HedoesnotunderstandwhatCatherinehasdoneforhim,andheisawayfromhomeuntilhegetsthemessagethatCatherinewillbemarried.Heathcliff’slovetoCatherineisbothdeepandcrazy.HethinksthatLinton's8-yearlovetoCatherinecannotbecomparedwiththedevotionthathemakestoCatherineandthechildhoodtheyhavespenttogether.WhenhehearsthenewsthatCathydies,theworldforhimturnshell.Hemoansandroars,hitshisheadonthetrunkfullofblood,almostcryingoutofhimselfuntiloutofsense.Hesuffersfromthepainsomuchthathecannotholdhisbreathnottodothings.OnthesnowynightwhenCathy'sbodyisburied,inordertoglanceathislover’sfaceforthelasttime,hedigsthegrave.ThehearttoCathywithpassionandimpulsionmakeshimshakethecoffinfirmly,creaky.ThelovebetweenHeathcliffandCatherinemakeshimfeelillusioninanguishandeagerness,soheendlesslytormentshimself,noeatinganddrinkingandfinallydies.AfterCatherinedies,herghosthasbeeninthedesertandunwillingtoleave,waitingforHeathcliff.Theheroandheroine'sloveisfullandtheirsoulsareborntogether.Theirloveandlongingforeachotherisstrongandthrillingwithgreatartisticappeal.

B.Factorscontributingtothedifferencesinattitudetowardslove

ThefateofthemajorcharactersinWutheringHeightsistragicandpitiful.Manyfactorscontributetothedifferencesinattitudetowardslove,whichcontainexternalfactorsandinternalfactors.

1.Externalfactors

Oneofthemainfactorsleadingtothedifferencesinattitudetowardloveisfromtheexternalperspective.Thebackgroundfunctionsgreatlyinthisaspect.Thestoryhappenedintheearly19century,whenUKwasaclassicpatriarchysociety.Atthattimepeoplelivedwithastrongsenseofsocialstatus,andweredividedintoseverallevels.Theworkingpeoplewerenotonlyexploitedandoppressedbytheupper-classofsociety,butalsoruledbytheemergingmiddle-classnobles.Meanwhile,womenandproletariatshadalowstatus,whosepersonalrightshadbeendeprivedof.

“Atlawwomenwereequaltomalecriminals,madmanandminors,inwhicheverclasstheywere”.（Bronte27）Themiddleclasswereinworsecondition,becausetheirwivesanddaughterswerenotregardedasthesymboloforstatus,theyhadtoclingtoman—father,husband,brotherorsonforlifeandbecameothers’dolls.Asfarastheywereconcerned,marriagewasthebesttheyturnedto,onwhichtheirallsuccessorfailuredepended.But“womenwereequivalentofjettonthatwasusedforconsolidatingtheirrankoffamiliesandpromotingtheirfamilieswealth.Itwastheone'swealthandstatusthatdecidedthesuccessorfailureofone’smarriage,whichshouldbewell-matchedratherthanallowedbyfamilies.”（Bronte449）

Ifthemarriagewasagainstbyfamilies,itwasmorelikelytobefailure.Toelopewithhisorherloverwasthelastchoiceforyouthwholovedeachothersomuchandwouldnotabandoneachotherforever.Whileelopementmeanslosingeverything.Theynotonlyhadtobreakwiththeirownfamiliesandgiveuptherightofinheritingtherankoffamiliesandwealth,butalsotheyhadtobearheavysocialpressure.

InVictoriantimes,elopementandadulterywereregardedasashame,whichwouldbespatonbysociety.Asaresult,theywouldliveanunhappylife,strugglingtothemselvesagainsttherudeandwildlife.Familyownedsomanyrightsonmarriagethatmanyhateditbuthadnoideatosolveit.Atthattime,thoughmarriagewasnotarrangedorforce,itwasstillfarfrombeingfree,whichiswellillustratedbythelovebetweenCatherineandHeathcliffinthenovel.

2.Internalfactors

Theinternalfactorsalsoplayasignificanceroleinthedifferencesinattitudetowardsloveinthenovel,whichundoubtedlyinvolvebothHeathcliffandCatherine.

Heathcliff’sinnerworldchangedwiththeunfairlife,miseryexperienceandlossofherbelovedCatherine.Heathcliff’sidentityofbeinganadoptedsonandGypsiesmadehimsufferlotsofattackfromhislivingenvironmentduringhisgrowth.AfterthedeathofoldEarnshaw,helostshelterforever.TheeldestsonofEarnshawHindlytreatedhimcruellywithdeephatred.Inthemeantime,Catherinelovedhimheartilyandextremely.Allthesefactorsgavebirthtohisextremelystrongself-protectingandrevengingconsciousness.Totakeitgood,hehasaclearcutstandonwhattoloveandwhattohate;totakeitbad,hehasasplitpersonality.ThennowonderthatwhenHindly’swifediedofdystopia,Catherinewasresentfultohissmile,andHeathcliffrepliedthateverythingthatmadeHindlyfeelsorrowfulmakeshimhappy.Indeed,thisisterrible,anditisanimportantfactorinbringingaboutthetragedy.

However,itismorenoticeablethatwhatreallyleadstosomanyevilthoughtsinpeopleistheinequalityintheprevailingcircumstances,aswellaspeople’shypocrisyandcruelty.ButHeathcliffisnotto