供应链管理 第三版 Unit10 习题与答案.docx

供应链管理 第三版 Unit10 习题与答案.docx

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供应链管理第三版Unit10习题与答案

Chapter10

ManagingEconomiesofScaleintheSupplyChain:

CycleInventory

True/False

1.Cycleinventoryexistsbecauseproducingorpurchasinginlargelotsallowsastageofthesupplychaintoexploiteconomiesofscaleandincreasecost.

Answer:

False

Difficulty:

Moderate

2.Alotorbatchsizeisthequantitythatastageofthesupplychaineitherproducesorpurchasesatagiventime.

Answer:

True

Difficulty:

Moderate

3.Cycleinventoryisthephysicalinventoryinthesupplychainduetoeitherproductionorpurchasesdemandedbythecustomer.

Answer:

True

Difficulty:

Moderate

4.Theinventoryprofileisaplotdepictingthelevelofinventoryovertime.

Answer:

True

Difficulty:

Easy

5.Whendemandissteady,cycleinventoryandlotsizearerelatedasfollows:

CycleInventory=LotSizex2=Q*2.

Answer:

False

Difficulty:

Moderate

6.Lotsizesandcycleinventorydonotaffecttheflowtimeofmaterialwithinthesupplychain.

Answer:

False

Difficulty:

Easy

7.Averageflowtimeresultingfromcycleinventory=CycleInventory/Demand=Q/2D.

Answer:

True

Difficulty:

Moderate

8.Cycleinventoryisprimarilyheldtotakeadvantageofeconomiesofscaleandreduceprofitwithinthesupplychain.

Answer:

False

Difficulty:

Easy

9.Increasingthelotsizeorcycleinventoryoftendecreasesthecostincurredbydifferentstagesofasupplychain.

Answer:

True

Difficulty:

Moderate

10.Cycleinventoryexistsinasupplychainbecausedifferentstagesexploiteconomiesofscaletolowertotalcost.

Answer:

True

Difficulty:

Easy

11.Thecostsconsideredinlotsizingdecisionsincludematerialcost,fixedorderingcost,andmanufacturingcost.

Answer:

False

Difficulty:

Moderate

12.Thetotalannualcostisthesumofannualmaterialcost,annualordercost,andannualholdingcost,andisgivenasTC=CD+（D/Q）S+（Q/2）hC.

Answer:

True

Difficulty:

Moderate

13.

Theoptimallotsizeisreferredtoastheeconomicorderquantity（EOQ）.ItisdenotedbyQ*andisgivenbytheequation:

Q*=2DS/hC.

Answer:

True

Difficulty:

Moderate

14.Totalorderingandholdingcostsareunstablearoundtheeconomicorderquantity.

Answer:

False

Difficulty:

Moderate

15.AfirmisoftenbetterservedbyorderingaconvenientlotsizeclosetotheeconomicorderquantityratherthanthepreciseEOQ.

Answer:

True

Difficulty:

Moderate

16.Ifdemandincreasesbyafactorofk,theoptimallotsizedecreasesbyafactorofk.

Answer:

False

Difficulty:

Hard

17.Toreducetheoptimallotsizebyafactorofk,thefixedordercostSmustbereducedbyafactorofk.

Answer:

False

Difficulty:

Moderate

18.Aggregatingacrossproducts,retailers,orsuppliersinasingleorderallowsforareductioninlotsizeforindividualproductsbecausefixedorderingandtransportationcostsarenowspreadacrossmultipleproducts,retailers,orsuppliers.

Answer:

True

Difficulty:

Moderate

19.Akeytoreducingcycleinventoryisthereductionoflotsize.

Answer:

True

Difficulty:

Easy

20.Akeytoreducinglotsizewithoutincreasingcostsistoreducetheholdingcostassociatedwitheachlot.

Answer:

False

Difficulty:

Moderate

21.Reductionoffixedcostmaybeachievedbyaggregatinglotsacrossmultipleproducts,customers,orsuppliers.

Answer:

True

Difficulty:

Easy

22.Adiscountisvolume-basedifthepricingscheduleoffersdiscountsbasedonthequantityorderedinasinglelot.

Answer:

False

Difficulty:

Hard

23.Adiscountisvolume-basedifthediscountisbasedonthetotalquantitypurchasedoveragivenperiod,regardlessofthenumberoflotspurchasedoverthatperiod.

Answer:

True

Difficulty:

Easy

24.Pricingscheduleswithallunitquantitydiscountsencourageretailerstoincreasethesizeoftheirlots,whichreducestheaverageinventoryandflowtimeinasupplychain.

Answer:

False

Difficulty:

Moderate

25.Marginalunitquantitydiscountshavealsobeenreferredtoasmulti-blocktariffs.

Answer:

True

Difficulty:

Moderate

26.Quantitydiscountsleadtoaminorbuildupofcycleinventoryinthesupplychain.

Answer:

False

Difficulty:

Moderate

27.Forcommodityproductswherepriceissetbythemarket,manufacturerscanuselotsizebasedquantitydiscountstoachievecoordinationinthesupplychainanddecreasesupplychaincost.

Answer:

True

Difficulty:

Moderate

28.Thesupplychainprofitishigherifeachstageofthesupplychainindependentlymakesitspricingdecisionswiththeobjectiveofmaximizingitsownprofit.

Answer:

False

Difficulty:

Moderate

29.Forproductswherethefirmhasmarketpower,two-parttariffscanbeusedtoachievecoordinationinthesupplychainandmaximizesupplychainprofits.

Answer:

True

Difficulty:

Moderate

30.Discountsrelatedtopricediscriminationwillbelotsizebased.

Answer:

False

Difficulty:

Hard

31.Pricediscriminationisthepracticewhereafirmchargesdifferentialpricestomaximizeprofits.

Answer:

True

Difficulty:

Easy

32.Thegoaloftradepromotionsistoinfluenceretailerstoactinawaythathelpstheretailerachieveitsobjectives.

Answer:

False

Difficulty:

Easy

33.Althoughaforwardbuyisoftentheretailer’sappropriateresponseandincreasestheirownprofits,itusuallyincreasesdemandvariabilitywitharesultingincreaseininventoryandflowtimeswithinthesupplychain.

Answer:

True

Difficulty:

Moderate

34.Tradepromotionsleadtoasignificantincreaseinlotsizeandcycleinventorybecauseofforwardbuyingbytheretailer.

Answer:

True

Difficulty:

Moderate

MultipleChoice

1.Cycleinventoryexistsbecauseproducingorpurchasinginlargelotsallowsastageofthesupplychainto

a.exploiteconomiesofscaleandraisecost.

b.exploiteconomiesofscaleandlowercost.

c.exploitcustomersandlowercost.

d.exploitcustomersandraisecost.

e.noneoftheabove

Answer:

b

Difficulty:

Easy

2.Thequantityofinventorythatastageofthesupplychaineitherproducesorpurchasesatagiventimeis

a.anorder.

b.ajob.

c.ashipment.

d.alotorbatch.

e.noneoftheabove

Answer:

d

Difficulty:

Easy

3.Theaverageinventoryinthesupplychainduetoeitherproductionorpurchasesinlotsizesthatarelargerthanthosedemandedbythecustomeris

a.annualinventory.

b.distributioninventory.

c.cycleinventory.

d.physicalinventory.

e.bandconly

Answer:

c

Difficulty:

Moderate

4.Agraphicalplotdepictingthelevelofinventoryovertimeis

a.aninventorygraph.

b.adistributioninventory.

c.aninventorydrawing.

d.aninventoryprofile.

e.aninventorypicture.

Answer:

d

Difficulty:

Moderate

5.Whendemandissteady,cycleinventoryandlotsizearerelatedas

a.CycleInventory=LotSizex2.

b.CycleInventory=Q*2.

c.CycleInventory=Q/2.

d.CycleInventory=LotSize=Q.

e.noneoftheabove

Answer:

c

Difficulty:

Moderate

6.Averageflowtimeresultingfromcycleinventoryisequalto

a.CycleInventory/Demand=Q/2.

b.CycleInventory/Demand=Q/2D.

c.CycleInventory=Q/2.

d.CycleInventory=LotSize=Q.

e.noneoftheabove

Answer:

b

Difficulty:

Moderate

7.Cycleinventoryisprimarilyheldto

a.takeadvantageofdiseconomiesofscaleandincreasecostwithinthesupplychain.

b.takeadvantageofdiseconomiesofscaleandreducecostwithinthesupplychain.

c.takeadvantageofeconomiesofscaleandincreasecostwithinthesupplychain.

d.takeadvantageofeconomiesofscaleandreducecostwithinthesupplychain.

e.Noneoftheabovearetrue.

Answer:

d

Difficulty:

Moderate

8.Whichofthefollowingisnotacostthatmustbeconsideredinanylotsizingdecision?

a.Averagepriceperunitpurchased,$C/unit

b.Fixedorderingcostincurredperlot,$S/lot

c.Holdingcostincurredperunitperyear,$H/unit/year=hC

d.Manufacturingcostperunit,$M/unit

e.Alloftheabovearecoststobeconsidered.

Answer:

d

Difficulty:

Moderate

9.Theprimaryroleofcycleinventoryistoallowdifferentstagesinthesupplychainto

a.purchaseproductinlotsizesthatmaximizethesumofthematerial,ordering,andholdingcost.

b.purchaseproductinlotsizesthatminimizethesumofthematerial,ordering,andholdingcost.

c.sellproductinlotsizesthatmaximizethesumofthematerial,ordering,andholdingcost.

d.sellproductinlotsizesthatminimizethesumofthematerial,ordering,andholdingcost.

e.noneoftheabove

Answer:

b

Difficulty:

Moderate

10.Economiesofscaleinpurchasingandorderingmotivateamanagerto

a.increasethelotsizeandcycleinventory.

b.decreasethelotsizeandcycleinventory.

c.eliminateinventory.

d.increasethelotsizeandreducecycleinventory.

e.noneoftheabove

Answer:

a

Difficulty:

Moderate

11.Whichofthefollowingisnotasituationinwhichanystageofthesupplychainexploitseconomiesofscaleinitsreplenishmentdecisions?

a.Afixedcostisincurredeachtimeanorderisplacedorproduced.

b.Aholdingcostisincurredeachperiodforeachunitofinventory.

c.Thesupplierofferspricediscountsbasedonthequantitypurchasedperlot.

d.Thesupplieroffersshort-termdiscountsorholdstradepromotions.

e.alloftheabove

Answer:

b

Difficulty:

Moderate

12.Thepricepaidperunitisreferredtoas

a.thematerialcostandisdenotedbyC.

b.thefixedorderingcostandisdenotedbyS.

c.theholdingcostandisdenotedbyH.

d.thepurchasepriceandisdenotedbyP.

e.noneoftheabove

Answer:

a

Difficulty:

Moderate

13.Allcoststhatdonotvarywiththesizeoftheorderbutareincurredeachtimeanorderisplacedarereferredtoas

a.thematerialcostandisdenotedbyC.

b.thefixedorderingcostandisdenotedbyS.

c.theholdingcostandisdenotedbyH.

d.thepurchasepriceandi