08年大学英语四级真题.docx

08年大学英语四级真题.docx

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08年大学英语四级真题

PartI                  Writing             （30minutes）

Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledLimitingtheUseofDisposablePlasticBag.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.

1.一次性塑料袋的使用

2.使用一次性塑料袋带来的问题

3.限制一次性塑料袋的意义

 LimitingtheUseofDisposablePlasticBag

PartIIReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）  （15minutes）

Directions:

Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.

Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].

Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

That’senough,kids

 ItwasalovelydayattheparkandStellaBianchiwasenjoyingthesunshinewithhertwochildrenwhenayoungboy,agedaboutfour,approachedhertwo-year-oldsonandpushedhimtotheground.

 “I’dwatchedhimforalittlewhileandmysonwasthefourthorfifthchildhe’dshoved,”shesays.”Iwentovertothem,pickedupmyson,turnedtotheboyandsaid,firmly,’No,wedon’tpush,”Whathappenednextwasunexpected.

 “Theboy’smotherrantowardmefromacrossthepark,”Stellasays,”Ithoughtshewascomingovertoapologize,butinsteadshestartedshoutingatmefordiscipliningherchild,AllIdidwaslethimknowhisbehaviorwasunacceptable.WasIsupposedtositbackwhileherkiddidwhateverhewanted,hurtingotherchildrenintheprocess?

”

 Gettingyourownchildrentoplayniceisdifficultenough.Dealingwithotherpeople’schildrenhasbecomeaminefield.

 Inmyhouse,jumpingonthesofaisnotallowed.Inmysister’shouseit’sencouraged.Forher,it’saboutkidsbeingkids:

“Ifyoucan’tdoitatthree,whencanyoudoit?

”

 Eachofthesephilosophiesisvalidand,ithastobesaid,mysonlovesvisitinghisaunt’shouse.ButIfindmyselfsaying“no”alotwhenherkidsareoveratmine.That’sOKbetweensistersbutbecomesdangerousterritorywhenyou’retalkingtothechildrenoffriendsoracquaintances.

 “Kidsaren’tallraisedthesame,”agreesProfessorNaomiWhiteofMonashUniversity.”Butthereisstillanideathatthey’rethepropertyoftheparent.Weseeourchildrenasanextensionofourselves,soifyou’resayingthatmychildisbehavinginappropriately,thenthat’ssomehowacriticismofme.”

 Inthosecircumstances,it’sdifficulttoknowwhethertoapproachthechilddirectlyortheparentfirst.Therearetwoschoolsofthought.

 “I’dgotothechildfirst,”saysAndrewFuller,authorofTrickyKids.Usuallyaquietreminderthat’wedon’tdothathere’isenough.Kidsnavefinelytunedantennae（直觉）forhowtobehaveindifferentsettings.”

 Hepointsoutbringingitupwiththeparentfirstmaymakethemfeelneglectful,whichcouldcauseproblems.Ofcourse,approachingthechildfirstcanbringitsownheadaches,too.

 ThisiswhyWhiterecommendsthatyouapproachtheparentsfirst.Raiseyourconcernswiththeparentsifthey’rethereandaskthemtodealwithit,”shesays.   

 Askedhowtoapproachaparentinthissituation,psychologistMeredithFulleranswers:

“Explainyourneedsaswellasstressingtheimportanceofthefriendship.Prefaceyourremarkswithsomethinglike:

’Iknowyou’llthinkI’msillybutinmyhouseIdon’twant…’”

 Whenitcomestosituationswhereyou’recaringforanotherchild,whiteisstraightforward:

“commonsensemustprevail.Ifthingsdon’tgowell,thenhaveachat.”

 There’reacoupleofnewgreyareas.Physicalpunishment,onceacceptedfromanyadult,isnolongerappropriate.“Anewsetofconsiderationshascometotheforeaspartofthedebateabouthowwehandlechildren.”

 ForAndrewFuller,thechild-centricnatureofoursocietyhasaffectedeveryone:

”Therulesaredifferentnowfromwhentoday’sparentsweregrowingup,”hesays,“Adultsarescaredofsaying:

’don’tswear’,oraskingachildtostanduponabus.They’reworriedthattherewillbeconflictiftheypointthesethingsout–eitherfromolderchildren,ortheirparents.”

 Heseesitasalossofthesenseofcommonpublicgoodandpubliccourtesy（礼貌）,andsaysthatadultssufferformitasmuchaschild.

 MeredithFulleragrees:

“Acodeofconductishardtocreatewhenyou’relivinginaworldinwhicheveryoneisexhaustedfromoverworkandlackofsleep,andaworldinwhichnicepeopleareperceivedtofinishlast.”

 “It’saboutwhatI’mdoingandwhatIneed,”AndrewFullersays.”thedayswhenakidcamehomefromschoolandsaid,“Igotintotrouble”.Anddadsaid,‘youprobablydeservedit’.Areover.Nowtheparentsarecharginguptotheschooltohaveagoatteachers.”

Thisjumpingtoourchildren’sdefenseispartofwhatfuelsthe“walkingoneggshells”feelingthatsurroundsourdealingswithotherpeople’schildren.Youknowthatifyouremonstrate（劝诫）withthechild,you’regoingtohavetodealwiththeparent.It’sadmirabletobeprotectiveofourkids,butisitgood?

 “Childrenhavetolearntonegotiatetheworldontheirown,withinreasonableboundaries,”Whitesays.“Isuspectthatit’sonlycertainsectorsofthepopulationdoingtherunningtotheschool–better–educatedparentsareprobablymorelikelytobetooinvolved.”

 Whitebelievesournotionsofamorechild-centered,it’awayoftalkingabouttreatingourchildrenlikecommodities（商品）.We’recenteredonthembutinwaysthatreflectpositivelyonus.Wetreatthemasobjectswhoseappearanceandachievementsaresomethingwecanbeproudof,ratherthanservethebestinterestsofthechildren.”

 Onewayover-worked,under-resourcedparentsshowcommitmenttotheirchildrenistoleaptotheirdefence.Backatthepark,Bianchi’intervention（干预）onherson’behalfendedinanundignifiedexchangeofinsultingwordswiththeotherboy’mother.

 AsBianchiapproachedtheparkbenchwhereshe’dbeensitting,othermumscameuptoherandcongratulatedherontakingastand.“Apparentlytheboyhadalongstandingreputationforbadbehaviourandhismumforevenworsebehaviourifhewaschallenged.”

 AndrewFullerdoesn’tbelievethatweshouldbeafraidofdealingwithotherpeople’skids.“lookatkidsthataren’tyourownasapotentialminefield,”hesays.Herecommendsthatwedon’tstaysilentoverinappropriatebehaviour,particularlywithregularvisitors.

1.WhatdidStellaBianchiexpecttheyoungboy’smothertodowhenshetalkedtohim?

A）makeanapology

B）comeovertointervene

C）disciplineherownboy

D）takeherownboyaway

2.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutdealingwithotherpeople’schildren?

A）it’simportantnottohurttheminanyway

B）it’snousetryingtostoptheirwrongdoing

C）it’sadvisabletotreatthemasone’sownkids

D）it’spossibleforonetogetintolotsoftrouble

3.AccordingtoprofessorNaomiwhiteofMonashuniversity,whenone’skidsarecriticized,theirparentswillprobablyfeel___________________________

A）discouraged

B）hurt

C）puzzled

D）overwhelmed

4.Whatshouldonedowhenseeingotherpeople’skidsmisbehaveaccordingtoAndrewfuller?

A）talktothemdirectlyinamildway

B）complaintotheirparentspolitely

C）simplyleavethemalone

D）punishthemlightly

5.Duetothechild-centricnatureofoursociety,______________________

A）parentsareworriedwhentheirkidsswearatthem

B）peoplethinkitimpropertocriticizekidsinpublic

C）peoplearereluctanttopointourkids’wrongdoings

D）manyconflictsarisebetweenparentsandtheirkids

6.Inaworldwhereeveryoneisexhaustedfromoverworkandlackofsleep,____________________________

A）it’seasyforpeopletobecomeimpatient

B）it’sdifficulttocreateacodeofconduct

C）it’simportanttobefriendlytoeverybody

D）it’shardforpeopletoadmireeachother

7.Howdidpeopleusetorespondwhentheirkidsgotintotroubleatschool?

A）they’dquestiontheteachers

B）they’dchargeuptotheschool

C）they’dtellthekidstoclamdown

D）They’dputtheblameontheirkids

8.Professorwhitebelievesthatthenotionsofamorechild-centredsocietyshouldbe____________________

9.Accordingtoprofessorwhite,today’sparentstreattheirchildrenassomethingthey___________________

10.Andrewfullersuggeststhat,whenkidsbehaveinappropriately,peopleshouldnot______________________

PartIII       ListeningComprehension       （35minutes）

SectionA

Directions:

Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D],anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

11.A）Onlytruefriendshipcanlastlong.

 B）Letterwritingisgoingoutofstyle.

 C）Shekeepsinregulartouchwithherclassmates.

 D）Shehaslostcontactwithmostofheroldfriends.

12.A）Apainter.      C）Aporter.

  B）Amechanic.    D）Acarpenter.

13.A）Lookforaplacenearheroffice.   C）Makeinquirieselsewhere.

  B）Findanewjobdownthestreet.    D）Rentthe$600apartment.

14.A）Hepreferstowearjeanswithalargerwaist.

  B）Hehasbeenextremelybusyrecently.

  C）Hehasgainedsomeweightlately.

  D）HeenjoyedgoingshoppingwithJaneyesterday.

15.A）Thewomanpossessesanaturalforart.

  B）Womenhaveabetterartistictastethanmen.

  C）Heisn’tgoodatabstractthinking.

  D）Hedoesn’tlikeabstractpaintings.

16.A）Shecouldn’thavelefthernotebookinthelibrary.

  B）shemayhaveput