跨文化交际 英语专业论文.docx
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跨文化交际英语专业论文
致谢
我要把我的谢意献给我的指导老师,李庆庆老师。
他在我的论文写作过程中给我极大的支持和鼓励,并且认真的审阅批改我的稿件,并给我提供了很多宝贵的建议。
同时感谢在大学四年里教授我知识的老师们,感谢他们的教导和帮助。
感谢我曾翻阅的辅导书以及论文的作者们,没有这些书中的知识,我将很难完成我的论文。
最后感谢给我各方面支持并陪伴了我四年的同学好友们,感谢一直爱我,支持我的人们,没有他们我不会有今天的成就。
Acknowledgements
Ifeelmuchgratefultomyteacher,MrLiQingqing,whohasreadmydraftscarefully,offeredmesomevaluableadviceandgivenmesupportandencouragementthroughoutthedevelopmentofthepaper.
Iwouldliketoshowmyappreciationtoallteachers,whotaughtmetheundergraduatecourses,fortheirearnestassistanceofallkinds.
HereIwanttoexpressmythankstotheauthorsofthebooksandpapersIhavereferredto.IfIhavenotherelevantinformationfromtheirbooks,itishardformetofinishmypaper.
Thanksareduetoallmyclassmatesandfriends,whohelpedmewiththepreparationofmythesisinonewayoranother.Thankstoallthepeoplewhoalwayslovemeandsupportme.Withoutthem,Iwouldnothaveachievedsomuch.
摘要
随着全球化的不断发展,中美文化交流日益频繁。
本论文通过对中美餐桌礼仪的不同的深入研究,更好的了解中西文化差异,促进保护中国传统礼仪的进程,有利于中国礼仪与西方礼仪的有效融合,有利于我国与西方各国的跨文化交流。
通过对餐桌上中西文化差异的研究,该研究成果可以有效地运用在中西贸易谈判中。
贸易谈判现在已经延伸到餐桌领域,餐桌的礼仪直接关系到中西贸易谈判的成败。
本文首先给出了中西文化的一些理论基础,然后分析了中西文化差异的原因,比如经济结构,思维方式等等。
然后重点介绍了中西餐桌上的礼仪差异,主要包括餐前、餐中、和用餐后的礼仪。
最后总结了该研究论文的意义。
关键词:
跨文化交际,文化差异,餐桌礼仪
Abstract
Withthedevelopmentoftheglobalization,theculturecommunicationbetweenChinaandWesterncountriesaremorefrequent.ThispaperisfavorofthemeltingandcommunicatingoftheChineseandWesternculturebystudyingthedifferencesbetweenChineseandWesterntablemanners.Thisstudyingcanbeusedintheinternationaltrade,andthetablemannershavebeenanimportantfactorinfluencingthesuccessorfailureofthebusiness.Thispaperintroducessometheoreticalbasisfirstly.Thenitanalyzesthereasonsofgeneratingculturaldifferences,suchastheeconomicstructure,thewayofthinkingandsoon.ThepaperputstheemphasisonthedifferencesoftheChineseandwesterntablemanners,whichmainlyincludethemealpreparation,theetiquettesduringthemealandafterthemeal.Intheend,thispapermakesaconclusionaboutthemeaningofstudyingthedifferencesbetweenChineseandWesterncountries.
Keywords:
interculturalcommunication,culturedifferences,tablemanners
Contents
Introduction
Thetablemannersarethereflectionofacountry’sculture.TheChinese’stablemannersareoflongstanding.Withthedevelopmentofpolicyoftherevolutionandopentotheoutsideworld,thepeopleshouldlearnsomeWesterncountries’tablemanners,whichwillhelptheChinesetoknowtheirlocalconditionsandcustomstopromotethecommunicationbetweenChinaandWesterncountries.
Thispaperhasfourpartstotally:
Thefirstpartisthetheoreticalbasisoftheintercultural,includingthecross-culturalcommunication,somedifferentcourtesycriteriabetweenChinaandWesterncountries,andsometablemanners’historyinChinaandWesterncountries.Thesecondpartisthereasonsofgeneratingtheculturaldifferences.Therearemanyreasonsfortheculturaldifferences,andthispaperjustanalyzesitfromeconomy,thinking,values,andcharacteristics.Followedbyisthethirdpart,anditisthemainpartofthewholepaper.ThispartintroducesthetableculturaldifferencesbetweenChineseandWesterncountries.Becauseitisthetableculturaldifferences,sotheauthorintroducesitfromthemealpreparation,theetiquettesduringthemealandtheetiquettesleavingthetable.Themealpreparationincludesthedressing,seatingarrangements,seatingetiquettesandnapkins.Theetiquettesmainlyconsistoftheservingorder,tablewaresandtheatmosphere.Theforthpartexplainsthesignificanceofstudyingthetableculturedifferences.
Inaword,thetradevolumeincreasesrapidlyrecentyears,nomatterasatraderoraforeignlanguagelearner,thispaperwillplayanimportantpartintheroadtosuccess.Theauthorhopesthispapercanoffersomehelptoeveryone.
1.Theoreticalbasis
Inthe21stcentury,interculturalcommunicationhasbecomeanindispensablepartinthelife.Thedifferentareas,differentnationalities,differentcountriesleadtothedifferentculture.Tablecultureisanimportantfactorininterculturalcommunication.Toforeignlanguagelearners,itcanincreasetheunderstandingofthelanguageandincreasethesuccesspercentininterculturalcommunicationbylearningthedifferencesbetweenChineseandWesterntablecultureandhistory.
1.1TheUnderstandingofcross-culturalcommunication
Interculturalcommunicationisaninterdisciplinaryresearchareadevelopedinthemid-20thcentury.Interculturalcommunicativecompetenceisthecommunicativecompetenceincross-culturalenvironments,withastrongcross-culturalawarenesstocommunicatebetweenpeoplefromdifferentculturalbackgrounds.Theyaregoodatidentifyingculturaldifferences,excludingculturalinterference,andhavingthecommunicativecapacity.Interculturalcommunicativecompetenceincludesthelanguagecommunicativecompetenceandmakesthelanguagecommunicativecompetenceasthemaincontentandbasicofit.Interculturalcommunicativecompetenceisthecross-culturalcommunicativecompetenceanditcan’tsolvetherequirementsofcontextdifferences,butithastheappropriateandeffectiveresponsecapacityforculturaldifferencesandculturalconflicts.
1.2ThedifferentcourtesycriteriabetweenChineseandWesternculture
ChinesecultureputstheemphasisonmodestywhileWesternculturepaystheattentiontodecent.Modestyrequirespeopletominimizethepraiseforthemselves,andtrytobelittlethemselves.Westernpeoplearegladtoembracepraisefromeachothersoavoidtodamagingtotheotherpeople’sprestige,embracingothers’praiseispoliteintheireyes.Therefore,Westernersareverygladtoreceiveotherpeople’scomplimentstoshowthattheyarenotinconsistentwiththepeople.Sotheycatertothecomplimentbutnotrefuseit.MostChinesepeopleaccustomtodenythecomplimentandadvocatethe“modest”,becausetheythinkthatitshowstherespectforotherpeopletobelittlethemselves,butitisembarrassmentforthewesterners.“Polite”inChinesecultureisrootedinthetraditionoftheConfucian’s“ceremony”,whichstress“belittlethemselvestoshowtherespectforotherpeople”and“moderation”encouragesthepeopletobemoderated;Westerncultureisinfluencedbythetraditionoffreedomandequality,anditputstheemphasisontheindividualandtheirpersonalvalues,whichpromotestheindividual’sself-confidenceandrealisticattitudes.Forexample,differentculturalpsychologyandpolitemanneraffectthecross-culturalcommunicationbetweenEnglandandChina.IfsomeextremelypolitewordsareusedinChinese-Englishconversation,suchas:
“Pleasevisitmypoorhouse”,sotheEnglishwillfeelconfusedandtheydon’tunderstandtheChinese’smeaning.Absolutely,theChineseobeythemodest,butitaffectstheconversationbetweeneachother.
InChina,it’snotpolitetocallothers’names,especiallyinofficialoccasionsortheconversionoccursbetweentwostrangers.ButtheAmericansliketocallothers’namesdirectlytoshowthegoodfriendshipbetweenthem.TheChinesealwaysliketoaskotherpeople’sprivatequestionstoshowtheircareforothers,butinAmerica,theydon’taskpeople’sage,maritalstatus,salaryandreligionandsoon.Theythinkthattheprivacyisveryimportant.SowhentheChinesehaveatradewiththeAmericans,theyshouldavoidtoaskingthemtheprivatequestions.InChina,it’snotpolitetostareatothers,maybetheyarelisteningtoyoueventheyarenotseeingyou.ButinAmerica,it’sveryimportanttohavetheeyecontactwhentheyaretalkingwitheachother.
1.3TheChinesetablemanners’history
Accordingtotherecordoftheliterature,intheZhoudynasty,theeatingetiquettehadbecomeanearlyperfectsystem.SuchastheHannationality’sorderingofthebanquet:
thehostsentouttheinvitationandthenwaitedfortheguestsinthegateinthearrangedtime.Ofcoursetheguestswouldsayhellotoeachotherwhentheywerereadytositintheparlor,thentheyatesomedessertsbeforethebanquet.Whenalltheguestshavecome,theywouldsitdownonebyone.Theleftwastheseatofhonor,followedbyisthesecondseat;thelastisthethirdseat.Thehostwouldtoastwiththeguests,ofcoursewiththeelderfirstly.NowadaysthetraditionalbanquetetiquetteispopularinmanyareasinChina.
1.4TheWesterntablemanners’history
Thewesternersalwayslikeeducatingtheirchildreninthetable.Fromthefirstdayinthetable,thechildrenwillreceivetheeducationfromparentsaboutthetablemanners.Thechildrenwilllearnallthetablemannersbefore4-year-old.The5-year-oldchildlikestodosomehousework,suchasputtingthetableware,tidyingthetableware.Otherwise,mostoftheparentspayattentiontotheeducationoftheenvironmentalprotection,andletthechildrenknowthatwhichtablewarehasthecirculatedutilization,andwhichhasnotthecirculatedutilization.Theyeducatethechildrenthatrarelyusingornotusingtheready-madefoodsuchasthe,KFC,zip-topcanandsonon,whichwillsavethewaterandelectricity.
2.Thereasonsofgeneratingculturaldifferences
Withmorefrequentcontactbetweenchinaandwesterncountries,moreandmorepeoplepayattentiontotheetiquettes,especiallythetablemanners.TheauthortriestounderstandthereasonsofgeneratingculturaldifferencesinChineseandWesterntablemanners.Allthepeoplecanseethatthedifferenteconomicstructure,differentwaysofthinking,differentvalues,anddifferentcharacteristicsarethemainreasonstoresultinculturedifferences.
2.1Dif