英语四级考试真题及答案第2套.docx

英语四级考试真题及答案第2套.docx

《英语四级考试真题及答案第2套.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语四级考试真题及答案第2套.docx（15页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

英语四级考试真题及答案第2套

2012年12月英语四级考试真题及答案（第2套）

PartIWriting（30minutes）

Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessay.Youshouldstartyouressaywithabriefaccountoftheincreasinguseofthemobilephoneinpeople'slifeandthenexplaintheconsequencesofoverusingit.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.

PartIIReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）（15minutes）

Directions:

Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

ShouldSugarBeRegulatedlikeAlcoholandTobacco?

Sugarposesenoughhealthrisksthatitshouldbeconsideredacontrolledsubstancejustlikealcoholandtobacco,argueateamofresearchersfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco（UCSF）.

Inanopinionpiececalled"TheToxic（毒性的）TruthAboutSugar"publishedFeb.1inNature,RobertLustig,LauraSchmidtandClaireBrindisarguethatit'swrongtoconsidersugarjust"emptycalories."Theywrite:

"Thereisnothingemptyaboutthesecalories.Agrowingbodyofscientificevidenceisshowingthatfructose（果糖）cantriggerprocessesthatleadtolivertoxicityandahostofotherchronicdiseases.Alittleisnotaproblem,butalotkills-slowly."

Almosteveryone'sheardof-orpersonallyexperienced-thewell-knownsugarhigh,soperhapsthecomparisonbetweensugarandalcoholortobaccoshouldn'tcomeasasurprise.Butit'sdoubtfulthatAmericanswilllookfavorablyuponregulatingtheirfavoritevice.We'reanationthat'ssweetonsugar:

theaverageUSadultdowns22teaspoonsofsugaraday,accordingtotheAmericanHeartAssociation,andsurveyshavefoundthatteensswallow34teaspoons.

Tocounterourconsumption,theauthorsadvocatetaxingsugaryfoodsandcontrollingsalestokidsunder17.Already,17%ofUSchildrenandteensareobese（肥胖的）,andacrosstheworldthesugarintake（摄入）hasincreasedthreetimesinthepast50years.Theincreasehashelpedcreateaglobalobesityplaguethatcontributesto35millionannualdeathsworldwidefromnoninfectiousdiseasesincludingcancer,heartdiseaseanddiabetes.LindaMatzigkeit,aseniorvicepresidentatChildren'sHealthcare,said"Wehavetodosomethingaboutthisorourcountryisindanger.It'snotgoodifyourstatehasthesecond-highestobesityrate.Obesechildrenturnintoobeseadults."

"Therearegoodcaloriesandbadcalories,justastherearegoodfatsandbadfats,goodaminoacids（氨基酸）andbadaminoacids,"Lustig,directoroftheWeightAssessmentforTeenandChildHealthprogramatUCSF,saidinastatement."Butsugaristoxicbeyonditscalories."

Thefoodindustrytriestoimplythat"acalorieisacalorie,"saysKellyBrownell,directoroftheRuddCenterforFoodPolicyandObesityatYaleUniversity."Butthisandotherresearchsuggeststhereissomethingdifferentaboutsugar,"saysBrownell.

TheUCSFreportemphasizesthemetabolic（新陈代谢的）effectsofsugar.Excesssugarcanaltermetabolism,raisebloodpressure,affectthesignalingofhormonesanddamagetheliver-outcomesthatsoundsuspiciouslysimilartowhatcanhappenafterapersondrinkstoomuchalcohol.Schmidt,co-chairofUCSF'sCommunityEngagementandHealthPolicyprogram,notedonCNN:

"Whenyouthinkaboutit,thisactuallymakesalotofsense.Alcohol,afterall,issimplymadefromsugar.Wheredoesvodkacomefrom?

Sugar."

Buttherearealsootherareasofimpactthatresearchershaveinvestigated:

theeffectofsugaronthebrainandhowliquidcaloriesareinterpreteddifferentlybythebodythansolids.Researchhassuggestedthatsugaractivatesthesamerewardpathwaysinthebrainastraditionaldrugsofabuselikemorphineorheroin.Nooneisclaimingtheeffectofsugarisquitethatstrong,but,saysBrownell,"ithelpsconfirmwhatpeopletellyousometimes,thattheyhungerforsugarandhavewithdrawalsymptomswhentheystopeatingit."

There'salsosomethingparticularlytrickyaboutsugarydrinks."Whencaloriescomeinliquids,thebodydoesn'tfeelasfull,"saysBrownell."Peoplearegettingmoreoftheircaloriesthaneverbeforefromsugareddrinks."

Othercountries,includingFrance,GreeceandDenmark,imposesodataxes,andtheconceptisbeingconsideredinatleast20UScitiesandstates.Lastsummer,Philadelphiacameclosetopassinga2-cents-per-ouncesodatax.TheRuddCenterhasbeenastrongadvocateofamoremodest1-cent-per-ouncetax.Butatleastonestudy,from2010,hasraiseddoubtsthatsodataxeswouldresultinsignificantweightloss:

apparentlypeoplewhoaredeterminedtoeat-anddrink-unhealthilywillfindwaystodoit.Teens-nosurprise-aregoodatfindingwaystogetthethingstheycan'thave,sostatepoliciesbanningallsugar-sweeteneddrinksfrompublicschoolsandprovidingonlywater,milkor100%fruitjuiceshaven'thadtheintendedeffectofsteeringkidsawayfromdrinkingsugareddrinks:

theaverageteenconsumesabout300caloriesperday-that'snearly15%ofhisdailycalories-insweeteneddrinks,andthefoodanddrinkindustryisonlytoohappytofeedthisneed.

Ultimately,regulatingsugarwillproveparticularlytrickybecauseitgoesbeyondhealthconcerns;sugar,forsomanypeople,islove.Aplateofcut-upvegetablesjustdoesn'tpackthesameemotionalpunchasatinofhome-madechocolatechipcookies（饼干）,whichiswhyItookmydaughteroutforacupcakeandnotanappleasanafter-schooltreattoday.Wedon'tdothatregularly-it'sthefirsttimethisschoolyear,actually-andthat'swhatmadeitspecial.Asasociety,couldweeverreachthepointwherewe'dthinkapples-notacupcake-aresomethingtogetexcitedover?

SaysBrindis,oneofthereport'sauthorsanddirectorofUCSF'sPhilipR.LeeInstituteforHealthPolicyStudies:

"Werecognizethatthereareculturalandcelebratoryaspectsofsugar.Changingthesepatternsisverycomplicated."

Forinroads（进展）tobemade,saytheauthorsintheirstatement,peoplehavetobebettereducatedaboutthehazardsofsugarandagreethatsomething'sgottochange:

Manyoftheinterventions（干预）thathavereducedalcoholandtobaccoconsumptioncanbemodelsforaddressingthesugarproblem,suchasimposingspecialsalestaxes,controllingaccess,andtighteninglicensingrequirementsonvendingmachine（自动售货机）andsnack-barsthatsellhighsugarproductsinschoolsandworkplaces.

"We'renottalkingprohibition,"Schmidtsaid."We'renotadvocatingamajorimpositionofthegovernmentintopeople'slives.We'retalkingaboutgentlewaystomakesugarconsumptionslightlylessconvenient,therebymovingpeopleawayfromtheconcentrateddose.Whatwewantistoactuallyincreasepeople'schoicesbymakingfoodsthataren'tloadedwithsugarcomparativelyeasierandcheapertoget."

注意：

此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

1.Whydosomeresearchersthinksugarshouldbeconsidered"acontrolledsubstance"?

A）Itcontainsnothingbutemptycalories.

B）Itisasharmfulasmorphineandheroin.

C）Itworksthesamewayasalcoholandtobaccointhehumanbody.

D）Excessiveintakeofsugarresultsinlivertoxicityandvariousdiseases.

2.WhatmightbeAmericans'attitudetowardsgovernmentregulationofsugarconsumption?

A）Enthusiastic.B）Indifferent.C）Disapproving.D）Supportive.

3.Whatisaconsequenceofexcessivesugarintakeworldwide?

A）Itcontributesto35millionnoninfectiousdisease-relateddeathsayear.

B）Ithasincreasedthedeathtollnearlythreetimesinthepast50years.

C）Itcontributestotheriseofpricesofsugarandsugaryfoods.

D）Ithasincreasedtheglobalobesityratetosome17percent.

4.Thefoodindustrytriestorelievethepublicworryaboutsugarintakebysuggestingthat_____________.

A）sugarisnomorethanasourceofenergy

B）sugarisnotharmfullikealcoholortobacco

C）thehazardofsugartothebodyisexaggerated

D）theconsumptionofsugariseasilycontrollable

5.AccordingtoBrownell,liquidsugar_____________.

A）isespeciallyattractivetoyoungchildren

B）ismucheasierandquickertoabsorbthansolidsugar

C）effectivelystimulatespeople'sappetite

D）increasesyourcalorieintakewithoutyourknowingit

6.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthepracticeofimposingsugartaxes?

A）Itwillharmthefoodanddrinkindustry.

B）Itisunlikelytoyieldtheintendedeffect.

C）Itislikelytoalterpeople'seatinghabits.

D）Itcansteerkidsawayfromsugaryfoods.

7.Regulatingsugarwillprovetrickybecause_____________.

A）peopleconsumesugarinlargequantities

B）nothinghasbeenfoundtoreplacesugar

C）sugarmayconveyasenseoflove

D）manyfoodswillbecometasteless

8.Inordertoreducesugarconsumption,educationshouldbeconductedtoraisepeople'sawarenessofits_____________.

9.Toaddressthesugarproblem,theauthorsuggeststhatthelicensingrequirementsonvendingmachineandsnack-barssellinghighsugarproductsbe_____________.

10.Agentlewaytosteerpeopleawayfromsugaristomakeinexpensive,low-sugarfoods_____________.

PartIIIListeningComprehension（35minutes）

SectionA

Directions:

Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

注意：

此部分试题请在答题卡2上作