届新高考英语最新模拟汇编专题02 阅读理解之说明文二原卷版.docx

届新高考英语最新模拟汇编专题02 阅读理解之说明文二原卷版.docx

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届新高考英语最新模拟汇编专题02阅读理解之说明文二原卷版

专题02阅读理解之说明文

（二）

一、（湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学2021届高三期中）

“ACAREERBOOKaboutAsians?

Aren’ttheydoingfine…?

”SobeginsBreakingtheBambooCeiling,averylargescholarlybookbyJaneHyunpublishedin2005.BecauseAsian-Americanshadhigherincomesandeducationlevelsandcommittedfewercrimesthantheiraveragecountrymen,theywereseenasamodelminority.Despitethis,theyrarelyrosetothetopofcompanies.Amixofindividual,culturalandorganizationalbarriers—the“bambooceiling”ofthebook’stitle—seemedtoprohibitthemfromrising.

FifteenyearslaterAsiansarestillunder-represented.Inthetechnologysectors,Asiansmakeupover30%oftheworkersbutlessthan15%ofbosses.In2017Asiansmadeuproughly6%ofthecountry’spopulationbutonly3%ofthebossesofS&P500（标准普尔500指数）firms.

SomeprominentAsiansrunbigcompanies.ArvindKrishnaisIBM’snewboss.SatyaNadellarunsMicrosoftandSundarPichaileadsAlphabet.ButfewotherAsianshavejoinedtheirranks—and,revealingly,thesestarsallhaveIndianroots.TherearefewerSouthAsiansinAmericathanEastAsians,buttheystillmadeup13ofall16AsianS&P500CEOs.

WhyaretheresofewAsiansamongAmerica’sbusinesselite?

Andifabambooceilingistoblame,whydoSouthAsiansbreakthroughmoreeasily?

ThesequestionsarethefocusofastudybyJacksonLuofMITSloanSchoolofManagementandcolleagues,whosurveyedhundredsofseniorexecutivesandbusiness-schoolstudents.Theyfoundthatwhilediscriminationexists,itisnotdestiny.SouthAsiansenduregreaterracismthanEastAsiansbutstilloutperformevenwhites（ifsuccessisweighedagainstshareofpopulation）.Theirresearchalsorulesoutlackofambition:

agreatershareofAsiansthanwhitesendeavorforhigh-statusjobs.

Thatleavesculture.TheresearchersconcludethatSouthAsianstendtobemoredeterminedandconfidentthanEastAsiansinhowtheycommunicateatwork,whichfitsWesternconceptsofhowaleadershouldbehave.Thesametendencyforconfidentremarksfeaturedin“TheArgumentativeIndian”,abookbyAmartyaSen,aNobel-prizewinningeconomist.TheresearchersoweEastAsians’silencetoConfucianvaluesofmodestyandrespectforsocialranking.Sometimesbraveryandbombastareneededtobreakbamboo.

12．Whatdoes“bambooceiling”referto?

A．ThetopofanAmericantechnologycompany.

B．AroofmadeofbambootypicalofAsianbuildings.

C．PromotionobstaclesfacingAsianemployeesinAmerica.

D．TheinvisiblediscriminationagainstAsiansintheUSA．

13．Whatdoes“under-represented”inParagraph2mean?

A．Lackingrepresentatives.B．Hardtoshowtheirtalents.

C．Beingunderestimated.D．Unabletolandajob.

14．AccordingtoJacksonLu,whatmainlyaccountsforfewerpromotionsofEastAsiansthanSouthAsians?

A．Asmallpopulation.B．Discrimination.C．Lackofambition.D．Culture.

15．WhydoSouthAsianssucceedinAmericanbusinessmoreeasily?

A．Westernpeopleprefermodestytoconfidenceincommunication.

B．TheconfidencetheydemonstrateconsistswithWesternleadership.

C．Theyenduregreaterracismandbecomemoreambitious.

D．Theirambitionurgesthemtoendeavorforhigh-statusjobs.

二、（湖北省龙泉中学、荆州中学、宜昌一中2021届高三联考）

WorldNoTobaccoDayiscelebratedeach31stofMay.Theaimistobringattentiontothegrowinguseoftobaccoanditsdeadlyeffects.TheWorldHealthAssemblyestablishedtheeventin1987.Thisyear,specialattentionisbeinggiventotheharmfuleffectsoftobaccomarketingtowomenandgirls.

TheWHOsaysthetobaccoindustryhasincreasinglydirecteditsmarketingcampaignsatwomenandgirls.Studyshowsthatwomencurrentlyrepresentabouttwentypercentofsmokerswhiletobaccouseamonggirlsisincreasing.Datacollectedfrom151countriesshowthataboutsevenpercentofyounggirlsnowsmoke.Thatcompareswithtwelvepercentofboys.Insomecountries,however,theratesarealmostequal.

Almost170countrieshavesignedanagreementcalledtheFrameworkConventiononTobaccoControlwhichcallsonthosegovernmentstobantobaccoadvertisingtothefullesttoprotectwomen.Theagreementseekstoreducethedemandandsupplyoftobaccoproducts.Thisyearmarksthefifthanniversarysincethetreatywentintoeffect.Uptonow,eightypercentofthesignershavebannedthesaleoftobaccoproductstoyoungpeople.Seventypercenthaverequiredhealthwarningsontobaccoproducts.

EventsareplannedinanumberofcountriestomarkWorldNoTobaccoDay.Manyoftheeventsareaimedatpersuadingpeople,especiallytheyoung,nottostartsmoking.Othersaimtoeducatepeopleaboutthemanyhealthbenefitsofgivingupsmoking.

TheWorldHealthOrganizationsaystobaccokillsnearlyfiveandahalfmillionpeopleayearandhasbecomeatopcauseofdeathworldwide.Itisestimatedthatsofarintheworldonebillionpeoplesmoke.Morethaneightypercentoftobaccousersliveinlowandmiddleincomecountries.TheWHOestimatesthattobaccousecausedonehundredmilliondeathsinthetwentiethcentury.Ifcurrentratescontinue,thatnumbercouldreachonebillioninthiscentury.

28．ThefollowingaboutWorldNoTobaccoDayistrueexcept.

A．itwasstartedbytheWorldHealthAssemblyB．itiscelebratedinMayeveryotheryear

C．itwarnspeopleofthedangersofsmokingD．itismeanttoprotectwomenandgirlsthisyear

29．AccordingtoWHO,tobaccoindustryistoblamebecause.

A．ithasmanagedtoincreasesalesoftobaccoamongwomenandgirls

B．ithashiredmorewomenandgirlstohelpwiththeadvertisement

C．itsellsitstobaccoatalowerpricetowomenandgirls

D．itonlycollectsdatafrommorethan151countries

30．FrameworkConventionismadeto.

A．increasetobaccoproductionB．improvethewayoftobaccoadvertising

C．protectwomenfromthedangersofsmokingD．estimatethedemandoftobaccoproducts

31．Whathashappenedfiveyearsaftertheagreementcameintobeing?

A．Thesaleoftobaccototheyoungisbannedinmostofthesigners.

B．Eightypercentofthesignershaveprintedwarningsontobaccoproducts.

C．Seventypercentofthesignersarepersuadingoldpeoplenottostartsmoking.

D．Fewsignershavetoldpeopletheadvantageofgivingupsmoking.

三、（湖北省龙泉中学、荆州中学、宜昌一中2021届高三联考）

Machinesmightonedayreplacehumanlaborersinanumberofprofessions,butsurelytheywon’teverreplacehumanartists.Right?

Thinkagain.Notevenourartistswillbesafefromtheinevitablemachinetakeover,ifanewdevelopmentinartificialintelligence（AI）byateamofresearchersfromRutgersUniversityandFacebook’sAIlaboffersaclueofwhat’stocome.TheyhavedesignedanAIcapableofnotonlyproducingart,butactuallyinventingwholenewaesthetic（美学的）stylessimilartomovementslikeimpressionismorabstractexpressionism.Theidea,accordingtoresearcherMarianMazzone,wastomakeartthatis“novel,butnottoonovel”.

Themodelusedinthisprojectinvolvesageneratornetwork,whichproducestheimages,andadiscriminatornetwork,which“judges”whetherit’sart.Oncethegeneratorlearnshowtoproduceworkthatthedistributorrecognizesasart,it’sgivenanadditionalinstruction:

toproduceartthatdoesn’tmatchanyknownaestheticstyles.

“Youwanttohavesomethingreallycreativeandstriking—butatthesametimenottogotoofarandmakesomethingthatisn’taestheticallypleasing,”explainedAhmedElgammal.

Theartthatwasgeneratedbythesystemwasthenpresentedtohumanjudgesalongsidehuman-producedartwithoutshowingwhichwaswhich.Totheresearchers’surprise,themachine-madeartscoredslightlyhigheroverallthanthehuman-producedart.

Ofcourse,machinescan’tyetreplacethemeaningconveyedinworksbyhumanartists,butthisprojectshowsthatartistskillsetscertainlyseemreproduciblebymachines.

Whatwillittakeformachinestoproducecontentwithmeaning?

ThatmightbethelastAIfrontier.Humanartistscanatleasthangtheirhatsinthatfieldfornow.

“Imaginehavingpeopleoverforadinnerpartyandtheyask,‘Whoisthatby?

’Andyousay,‘Well,it’samachineactually.’Thatwouldbeaninterestingconversationstarter,”saidKevinWalker.

32．Whatisimpliedinthesecondparagraph?

A．Artistswon’tbereplacedbyAI.B．AIcanproducenewstylesofart.

C．AIistotallyatalossaboutimpressionism.D．AIfailstoreflectabstractexpressionism.

33．WhatdidMarianfindinhisstudy?

A．AIcanpleasehumanjudgeswithitsart.B．AIcancombinecontentwithmeaning.

C．AIcanmakeartaestheticallyunpleasant.D．AIcancreatehighqualityarts.

34．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“hangtheirhats”mean?

A．Discover.B．Hold.C．Struggle.D．Appear.

35．WhatKevinsaidinthelastparagraphtellsusthat.

A．sheusesmachinestocookforapartyB．shelikestojoininadinnerparty

C．sheexpectsthearrivalofAID．shecaresaboutthestarterofachat

四、（湖北省龙泉中学、荆州中学、宜昌一中2021届高三联考）

Ifyouarecrazyaboutpaintings,youshouldn’tmissthefollowingfourfamousmasterpieceswhichhavestoodthetestoftime.

TheArnolfiniPortrait

JanvanEyck’sArnolfiniPortrait,anoilpaintingonwoodproducedin1434,inwhichamanandawomanholdhandswithawindowbehindhimandabedbehindher,isundoubtedlyoneofthemasterpiecesintheNationalGallery,London.Thispaintingisasvisuallyinterestingasitisfamed.Itisalsoaninformativedocumentonfifteenth-centurysociety,throughJanvanEyck’sheavyuseofsymbolism—whilehusbandswentouttoengageinbusiness,wivesconcernedthemselveswithdomesticduties.

TheStarryNight

VincentvanGoghpaintedTheStarryNight,oiloncanvas（帆布）,amoderatelyabstractlandscapepaintingofanexpressivenightskyoverasmallhillsidevillage,duringhis12-monthstayatthe