野性的呼唤论文.docx

野性的呼唤论文.docx

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野性的呼唤论文

AnalysisoftheComplicatedNatureofBuck

姓名：

周雪

班级：

师范英语2班

学号：

20110411147

指导老师:

公丽艳

AnalysisoftheComplicatedNatureofBuckin

TheCalloftheWild

Abstract

TheCalloftheWildisthemasterpieceofJackLondonwhoisoneofthemostrenownedAmericanwriters.ThecomplexcharacterofthedogBuckisthemainfactortocausethenovelperpetual.ThearduouspathsBuckwentthroughwereareflectionofAmericansocialrealityinthe20thcentury.It’sakeypointtostudythewriter’sviewpointsandthesocialbackgroundbyanalyzingBuck’scharacter.AtthebeginningthisthesisintroducesDarwin’sLawofNature—survivalofthefittest.ThenitdescribesBuck’saspirationfornewlife.GentledogBuckwenttothewastelandwhichwasfarawayfromhumancivilizationbutheadaptedtothechallengingenvironmentverysoon.Inresponsetothecallofthewild,BuckgotbacktotheforestfullofmysteryandventurewithouttheslightesthesitationafterTomThornton’sdeath.ThethirdchapterexpoundsthatBuckbearsthenatureofferociousnessandatthesametimehasapassionforsacrifice.WeareconvincedthatitisincumbentupontheFiendBucktoshowresponsibility,loveandloyaltyafterobtaininghumanbeingsequalrespect.ThisgivesexpressiontoMenciusethicalviewthathumansareborngood.

KeyWords:

Wildness;call;freedom;survivalofthefittest

Chapter1ABriefIntroductiontoTheCalloftheWild

andtheNatureofBuck

TheCallofthewildisthemasterpieceofJackLondon.Itwaspublishedin1903.ThecomplexcharacteroftheprotagonistdogBuckhasdrawnmanyscholars’attention.It’sakeypointtostudythewriter’sviewpointsandthesocialbackgroundbyanalyzingthenatureofBuck.BeforeanalyzingBuck’scharacter,itisnecessaryforustoknowthegeneralideaaboutthework.

1.1ABriefIntroductiontoTheCalloftheWild

TheprotagonistsleddogBuckoriginallylivedinSantaClaraValley,anunkissedhouse,enjoyingaluxuriouslife.Atthesametime,theGoldenRushmadethousandsofmenrushintotheNorthlandbutBuckhadnosenseofthat.Unfortunately,hewassoldbyManuelwhobetrayedhistrustandwastransitedtodohardworkforthegolddiggers.Therehesawhisfirstsnow;helearntthelawofclub;hewasbeatenbutwasnotbroken.Hebegantosetfootinaworldwithoutcivilization.Hewasclearaboutthatoncedownhewoulddiesoheshouldstruggle.Inthedaytimehewasforcedtofollowtheinstructiontodragtheshed,andinthedarkhestruggledalongonthevergeofstarvation.Toallayhunger,helearnttostealfoodandleavetheawkwardoneasthescapegoat.Tokeepwarm,helearnttodigholesinthesnowfield.Themoralnatureinhimwasdisappearing,insteadhebecamefullofguile.Thatwaswhathehadtochoosetosurviveinthewasteland.Withtheancientsongsurgingthroughhim,hebegantoretrogradeandthedominantdesirewascalledfromhisbody.Butheadjustedhimselfsowelltothenewlifeandhehadthedown-to-earthspirit.Unfortunately,therewasanotherturnforBuckafterheandhisteammatesbrokeahunky-doryrecord.TheteamwastakenoverbyahalfbreedScotchanditseemedmoreseriousthattheywereforcedtodocoolietocarrywordforthepeoplewhosoughtgoldeveryday.Thistimehesufferedevenmorethanbefore;histeammateslefthimonebyone,however,thegreedygolddiggerswerediscontentwiththem.Atlast,Buckcouldn’tgetupanymore.HemanagedtoriseunderHal’swhipbutfailed.Hecouldsensetheimpendingdoombuthismasterinsistedon.Whenhewasbeatentodie,Thorntonsavedhislife.HeforthefirsttimefeltgenuinelovewhichwasarousedbyJohnThornton.Inreturn,BuckgaveThorntonendlessloveandfirmloyalty.AfterThornton’sdeath,hereturnedtothewildinanswertothecallingwithouttheslightesthesitation.

1.2NatureofBuckinDifferentEnvironments

ThenatureofBuckchangedwiththeenvironmentwherehelived.Thatgoesthesametoourhumanbeingsintoday’ssociety.

1.2.1LivingintheLapofLuxury

Buck,thechildofahugeST.BernardandaScotchshepherddogwasborninJudgeMiller’sbighouseandenjoyedahappylife.Itseemedthatheruledthewholehouse.ItwasrightBuck.HewasanappleoftheJudge’seye,proud,intelligent,white-headedandwithatamednature.

1.2.2FacingRisksfortheFirstTime

WhenherealizedthathewasbetrayedbyManuelformoney,hebecameangryanditwasaturnofhisFortune'swheel.Hebegantoattackthestrangerswhopulledhimevenhiswasingreatpain.Whenhefoundthathiseffortswereinvain,heconfusedanddidnotknowwhatwouldhappentohim.Hisheartwasbroken.HewishedhecouldseetheJudgeortheboys.

ItwasthefirsttimeBuckhadeverfacedsuchawfulcondition.Hecouldfindnowayoutbutwasindignantatallthestrangers.Hecouldnotdistinguishfairorfoul.

1.2.3WorkingasaSledDog

Moneyexchange,again.BuckwastransitedtothecoldNorthlandandwassettoworkashorses.Hisdignitywassorelyhurtbutheunderstoodthatitwasnouserebelling.Heshouldobey.Ifherevoltedhewouldbewhipped.Theoverwhelmingforcemadehimquicklylearnhowtodragthesledtopleasehismasters.Inthecoldwasteland,Buckhadtolearnaseriesofmethodstokeephislife.Tostruggleforexistence,Bucklearnthowtostealfoodfromotherssecretlytomeethisownneeds.Heknewthatifherobbedopenly,hewouldbebeatenbytheclubs.Hismoralnaturewasdisappearing,however,hehadnochoice.

1.2.4StayingwithThornton

Fortunately,BuckwassavedbyThornton.What’smore,Thorntonwasaperfectmasterinhismind.Hewastakengoodcareofandaspecialloveinhisbodywasawaken.

Whenheenjoyedthewell-beinglife,hewasafraidthathisThorntonwouldleavehimoneday.Therefore,healwayskeptThorntonathiselbow.HeshowedhisloveandloyaltytoThorntonincisivelyandvividly.

ItseemedthatBuckwentbacktoacivilizedsociety.However,lifeisalwaysfullofvariables.Buck,asacommoncreaturecannotforeseethefutureworld.ThelifewithThorntonwaswonderfulandhecherisheditcarefullyuntilhewascalledbyamysteriouscalling.

ChapterTwoTheSummaryof“TheCalloftheWild”

JackLondonbegan“TheCalloftheWild”withacalmsettingbutdescribeditwiththewordsthatmadethereaderimaginetheywerethere.Hepaintedasceneforeverysituationsowellthatasifamoviewereplaying.ThisisastoryaboutadognamesBuck.ThroughoutthenovelwefollowBuckthroughhisjourneythroughtheKlondike.Inreality,thejourneywasadangerousandexpensiveundertaking.WhenwefirstmetupwithBuck,helivedintheSantaClaraValley,onJudgeMiller’sproperty.Hewastherulerofhisdomain,uncontestedbyanyotherlocaldogs.HewasamixbetweenaSt.BernardandScotchShepherddog.Heweighedonehundredandfortypounds,andhecarriedeveryonewithutmostpride.Butonenight,thegardener,Manuel,tookBuckawayhishome.Buckwasthensold,andthrowninabaggagecar.NomatterhowmanytimesBucktriedtolunge,hewouldjustbechokedintosubmissionattheend.WhenBuckarrivedathisdestination,therewassnoweverywhere,nottomentionthemassesofHuskyandwolfdogs.Buckwasthrownintoapenwithamanwhohadaclub.Thelawofclubisquitesimple,iftherewasamanwithaclub,adogworldbebetteroffnottochallengethatman.Bucklearnedthislawafterhewasbeatenhalftodeathbythemanwhohadtheclub.

Buckwassoldofftoamanwhoputhiminaharnessconnectedtomanyotherdogs.Buckwasbadatfirst,buteventually,helearnedthewayoftraceandtrail.Buckhadtolearntosleepunderthesnow,andtoeathisfoodasfastaspossiblesoasnottohaveitstolen.AndthereisalawofFang:

whentwodogsfightandoneisknockedtotheground.Therestofthespectatorswillinstantlypounceonthedowneddogandmakequickworkofit.

AlloftheseunspokenruleshadturnedBuckintotheBestdogtoeverroamtheKlondike.BuckdideventuallyfightSpitzandsendhimtohisdeath.Hewasbeingstarvedtodeathbyagoldseekinggroupwhohadnotbroughtenoughfoodforthedogs.WhenBuckcouldfinallynotmoveanotherstep,amanfromthegroupstartedtobeatBuck.WhileBuckwasbeingbeaten,amannamedJohnThorntoncameforthandtookBuckfromhisattacker.ThemannursedBuckbacktohealth,andfromthatdayforward,Bucklivedforthatman.Bucklovedhimwithallhisbeing.

Afterbeingwiththismanforsometime,Buckstartedtohearacallfromfaraway.Hewasacceptedbyapackofwolvesthattreatedhimlikeawolfhimself.Andsothetransformationwascomplete.Buckhadchangedfromadog,toabeastofnature.

Chapter3EmbodimentofHumanNatureintheFiendBuck

Buckwasaferociousdogwithcomplicatednature.Theloveandloyaltyinhimdeservesourstudymost.BeforeBuckwasobligedtotheprimitivehelivedacare-freelifeandhemanagedtoprotecthishosts.IholdthatthenatureofBuckisgood.

3.1TheNatureofBuckasaFierceAnimal

AsaFierceAnimal,Buckisduplicityandcunning.

3.1.1DuplicityandCunning

AfterBuckexperiencedmaltreathelearntthelawofclubandfang.Inordertosurviveinthewastelandwithouthumancivilization,Buckhadtoadjusthimselftotheharshenvironment.Thushewasforcedtolearntobeduplicityandcunning.

3.1.2Dominions

ThedominantinBuckwasstrong,especiallyunderthefierceconditionsoftraillife.Thedominanceinhimwasstimulatedbytheparticularenvironment.Justasthehumansunderthefiercecompetitiontoday.Ifyoudon’twanttobedominatedjustdominateothers.

3.2TheLoveandLoyaltytoThornton

WhenBuckwa