最新使役动词的用法及练习.docx

最新使役动词的用法及练习.docx

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最新使役动词的用法及练习

使役动词的用法及练习

英语中具有使役意义的动词较多,跟人们常常说的使役动词不是一个概念.通常我们说使役动词,指的是make,have,let这三个动词,它们在后接不定式作宾语补足语时要省去不定式符号to的特定用法.但具有使役意义的动词数量上远不止这些,用法也较灵活,现将其分类叙述如下,以饷读者.（注：

英语动词意义丰富,在此仅限于“使役”意义.）1使役动词have,let,make（常用于复合结构）

1.1have的用法

1）.have+宾语+省to不定式：

表示主语“要”“使”“让”宾语干某事,宾语和宾补之间是一种主动关系.而且还可以与情态动词will,would连用,不用于被动结构.

Therichladyhadthesingereatwithhisservants.

Iwillhavehimcomeandhelpyou.

2）.have+宾语+现在分词：

表示让某人或物连续进行某动作或处于某状态中,宾语和宾补是一种主动关系.亦可转化为“劝说,鼓励”宾语干某事.

Thetwocheatshadthelightsburningallnightlong.

Hehaduswaitingforhimthreehoursyesterday.

IhavethemalltalkingtoeachotherinEnglish我.鼓励他们用英语交谈.

3）.have+宾语+过去分词：

表示主语的主观意志,即主语让别人为自己完成某事,宾语和宾补是动宾关系.还可以表示主语遭受到来利或不测的事.

TomsaidhehadhadhisTVsetrepaired.

Tomhadhiswalletstolenonthebusyesterday.

“别人”在句中一般不出现,这是它与结构1）的区别所在.试比较：

Haveyouwashedyourclothes?

你洗了衣服了吗?

（自己洗）

Haveyouhadyourclotheswashed你?

叫人洗了衣服了吗?

（别人洗）

4）.have+宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语作宾补

Pleasehaveyourticketsready.

TheEmperorhadnothingon.

IamsureI'llhavehimintheargument.

1.2let的用法

1）.let+宾语+省to不定式：

表示主语“要”“使”“让”宾语干某事,宾语和宾补之间是一种主动关系,罕用于被动语态.有时也可指一种假设.let后不能接现在分词,过去分词作宾补.

Letthemstayintheclassroomanddotheirexercisesthemselves.

LetABbeequaltoCD.假设AB等于CD.

2）.let+宾语+副词/介词短语作宾补

Letmeinandletthemout.

Wholetyouintothebuilding?

3．make的用法

1）.make+宾语+省to不定式：

表示主语“要”“使”“让”宾语干某事,宾语和宾补之间是一种主动关系.此结构常用被动结构.make后不接现在分词作宾补.

Theteachermadethenaughtyboystandthereforanhour.

Thenaughtyboywasmadetostandthereforanhour.

2）.make+宾语+过去分词,此结构中的宾语指人时常用到反身代词.

Heraisedhisvoicetomakehimselfheard.

CanyoueasilymakeyourselfunderstoodinEnglish?

Theywillmakeanimportantplanknowntothepublicsoon.

3）.make+宾语+形容词,宾语亦可是从句.

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Thenewsmadeherhappy.

Hemadeitclearthatheobjectedtotheproposal.

2“半使役动词”amaze,astonish等“半使役动词”在英语语法上还是一个没有被认同的概念或术语,而只是认可了其v-ing

形式和v-ed形式作为形容词使用.但这类词汇数量较大,使用频率高,业已成为学习和考查中的重点,难点,易混易错点,而且在教学一线已经广泛地被教师和学生所接受.半使役动词之所以得名,一则它们的意义都有“使某人感到⋯⋯”,再则是为了与具有特殊用法的使役动词let,have,make等区别开来.

2.4常见的半使役动词amaze（使某人感到惊呀）,astonish（使某人感到惊奇）bore（使某人感到厌倦）,complicate（使某人感到复杂）confuse（使某人感到迷惑）,disappoint（使某人感到失望）delight（使某人感到高兴）,discourage（使某人感到气馁）

distinguish（使某人感到显著）,excite（使某人感到兴奋）encourage（使某人感到鼓舞）,exhaust（使某人感到疲倦）

tire（使某人感到疲惫）,upset（使某人感到迷惑不解）,等等.

2.2半使役动词的主动式用法：

something+Vt.+somebody

如：

Whatsurprisedhimmostwasherbravery.HisbravedeedsmovedChina.Theexamresultsatisfiedhisparents.Theb'oysbehaviorupseteverybodyaround.

2.3半使役动词有两个或三个派生形容词,一个加-ing,一个加-ed,有时还有一个加其他后缀构成

如：

interestinteresting,interested;astonishastonishing,astonished;

pleasepleasing,pleased,pleasant;satisfysatisfying,satisfied,satisfactory.

2.4半使役动词的v-ing和v-ed两个分词形容词的用法也有规律

一般而言,作定语时,v-ing分词形容词修饰事物,v-ed分词形容词修饰人或者人的心理活动,表情等；作表语或宾语补足语时,v-ing分词形容词指事；v-ed分词形容词指人或拟人用法.而且作表语的v-ed分词后接事时常有一个介词.如：

Thefilmwesawlastnightwasveryinteresting.

Wewereallinterestedinthefilm.

Thefrighteninghurricanemadethegirlveryfrightened.

Theteacherwassatisfiedwiththeanswerofhisstudents.

3使役意义状态动词get,leave,set,send,keep,drive,e常tc用.于复合结构中

3.1get使成为/变得某种状态或结果（get的用法跟have很接近）

Ican'tgettheoldradiotowork.我无法让那旧收音机工作起来.（接带to不定式作宾补）

Canyoureallygetthatoldcargoingagain你?

真能让那旧车运转起来吗?

Thefarmergothisplantingdonebeforetheraincame那.农民在雨季前完成了种植.

Hegothiswristbroken.他折断了手腕.（主语发生了不幸的事）

Shesoongotthechildrenreadyforschoo她l.迅速使孩子们做好了上学准备.

3.2leave使保持/处于某种状态

Leaveyourhatandcoatinthehall把.帽子和外套放在大厅里.

Didyouleavethedoorsandwindowsfirmlyfastened你?

把门窗紧紧锁上了吗?

Alwaysleavethingswhereyoucanfindthemagai总n.应把东西放在能再次找到的地方.Wholeftthatwindowopen?

谁让窗户开着?

Don'tleavehimwaitingoutsideintherain别.让他在外面雨中等待.

Leavesomebody/somethingalone不.要干涉某人或某事.

Leavewellalone.事情已经够好了,不要再去管它了.//不要画蛇添足.

3.3set使某人或某物处于或达到某种特殊的状态或关系

setsomebodyathiseas使e某人安逸/舒适/心情放松

setsomethinginorder使某物井然有序

setsomebodyfree/atliberty使某人获得自由,释放（犯人等）

It'stimewesetthemachinegoing是.我们发动机器的时候了.

Thenewssetmethinking.这消息使我陷入了沉思.

Hesetthefarmlaborertochopwood.他让农场工人去砍伐木材.

IhavesetmyselftofinishthejobbytheendofMa我y.决心于五月底前完成那工作.setathieftocatchathief.以毒攻毒；令贼捉贼

3.4send使某人或某物急剧地移动

Theearthquakesentthecrockeryandcutlerycrashingtothegroun地d.震将杯盘刀叉震落在地上.

Mindhowyougoyounearlysentmeflying小.心点,你差点将我撞飞了.

Sendthatfellowabouthisbusiness/packing叫.那家伙滚蛋.Thegoodharvestsentthepricesdown丰.收使物价下跌.3.5drive使某人处于某状态,迫使某人做某事

Failuredrovehimtodespair/desperation失.败使他绝望.

You'lldrivememad/tomywits'end.你会把我气疯的./你会使我穷尽应付的.精品文档

Hungerdrovehimtosteal.=Hewasdrivenbyhungertostea他l.为饥饿所迫而偷窃.3.6keep使某人或某物保持某种状态

Youshouldkeepthechildrenquiet.你要使孩子们静下来.

Thecoldweatherkeptusindoors寒.冷的天气使我们待在家里.

Ifyourhandsarecold,keeptheminyourpockets如.果你手冷,把它们放在口袋里.

Willtheykeepmeinprison/custody.他们会监禁/拘留我吗?

I'msorryI'vekeptyouwaiting.很报歉让你久等了.

Thedoctorsmanagedtokeepmegoing医.生们设法让我活下去.

4使役意义动态动词

4.1cause致使,导致（能接直接宾语,双宾语,复合宾语）

Whatcausedhisdeath?

什么导致了他的死亡?

Thishascausedusmuchanxiety这.给我们带来了极大的忧虑.

Whatcausedtheplantstodi（e.=whatmadethemdie）.什么使得这些植物枯死.

Hecausedtheprisonertobeputtodeath.（=hehadthemputtodeath他.）使得这些犯人被处死.

4.2force迫使,强迫（宾语后常接介词短语、副词及不定式等）forceone'swaythroughacrowd从人群中挤出一条路来.

forceawayin/out/through冲入/出/过

forceanentryintoabuilding强行进入一建筑

forcethewaruponhim强迫某人作战

forcesomeoneintodoingsomething强迫某人做某事

forcesb./oneselftoworkhard迫使某人/自己努力工作

英语中使役动词的用法较复杂,上面仅就常见常用类作一小结,以供大家参考,还有一些类型可能未被总结出来,初中部分一haveletmake为重

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使役动词练习

一、单项选择

1．Ihaveheardbothteachersandstudentswellofhim.

AtospeakBspokenCtohavespokenDspeak2．Theyaregoingtohavetheservicemananelectricfan.

AinstallBtoinstallCtobeinstalledDinstalled

3．They'lhlaveyouifyoudon'ptayyourtaxes.

AtobearrestedBarrestCarrestedDbeingarrested

4．Theyknowherverywell.Theyhadseenher___up

AgrowBgrewCwasgrowingDtogrow

5．Isthisfridgeyouwishtohave?

Atheone,itrepairedBthat,repairedit

Ctheone,repairedDwhich,repaired

6．Whenvisitingaforeigncountry,Isometimesfounditdifficult.

AmakingunderstandmeBtomakemyselfunderstood

Ctomakemyselfunderstand

7．---Goodmorning,CanIhelpyou?

---I'ldiketohavethispackage，madam

AbeweighedBtobeweighedCtoweighDweighed

8．Thespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldnotmakehimself

AhearBhavingheardChearingDheard

9．Janewasmadetothetruckforaweekasapunishment.

AtowashBwashingCtobewashingDwash

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10．Themissingboyswerelastseenneartheriver.

AplayingBtobeplayingCplayDplaying11．Thepoliceweretoldthatsomeboyswereseen___onthestreet.

AplayingBtobeplayingCplayDtoplaying

12．Pauldoesn'htavetobemade.Healwaysworkshard.

AtolearnBlearnClearnedDlearning

13.Ellenwasabsentthismorning,shehadherteeth.

AfillingBfilledCtofillDfill

14．Themanagerdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee___thenextdoor.

AcarryoutBcarryingoutCcarriedoutDtocarryout

15．Ifyouwanttobuyanexpensivecamera,wehaveseveralmodels___.

AtobechosenBtochoosefrom

CtochooseDforchoosing

16．Theexaminermadeusouridentificationinordertobeadmittedtothetextcenter.

AshowingBshowCshowedDtoshow

17．Weweretoldtohaveourreadingroomafterschool.

AcleanBtocleanCcleaningDcleaned

18．Theymadeafire___uptheroom,assoonastheirleadercameback.

AwarmBwarmedCtowarmDwarming

19．Ioftennoticedtheboy___schoolaloneverysoon.

AleaveBleftCleavingDtonotice

20.Thepeople'gsovernmentdoesitbesttohavingthelivingstandardofthepeople.

ArisenBraiseCriseDraised

21．Yourbrotherlookstired,What'swrongwithhim?

Well,that'bescausehisbosshadhimallday.

AworksBtoworkCworkingDworked

22.JennyhopesthatMr.SmithwillsuggestagoodwaytohaveherwrittenEnglishinashortperiod.

AimprovedBimprovingCtoimproveDimprove

23．Didyounoticethelittleboyaway?

AtookthecandyandrunBtakingthecandyandrun

CtakethecandyandrunDwhentakingandrunning

24．Ismellsomething___inthekitchen,canIcallyoubackinaminute?

AburningBburntCbeingburntDtobeburnt

1Hedidn'ptasstheexam..Ifoundhim（frustrate）

2IlikemyChineseteacher.Healwaysmakeshisclasses（interest）

3.Jimnoticedapurse（lie）onthegroundonhiswaytoschool.

4.Theboysawabasket（hang）inthetree.

5.Myfatherusuallygetsme（water）theplant.

6.Theteacherwasangry.Hekepttheboy（stand）there.

7.Letthelittlegirl（sit）down.

8.WhentheteachercameinInoticedhim（smile）.

9.Isawthelight（亮着）andthedoor.关（着）.

10.Hismother'bsikeisbroken.Shewillhaveit（repair）.

11.Thestudentsareoftenmade（take）differentextraclassesafterschool.

12.Hewasoftenheard（sing）Englishsongs.

三、将下列句子变成动语态

1.Isawhimlisteningtotheradiojustnow.

2.Hismothermadehimcleantheroomyesterday.

3.Ourteacheroftenmakesmelaughinclass.

4.Inoticedadogcomein.