英语四级听力原文Word版.docx

英语四级听力原文Word版.docx

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英语四级听力原文Word版

2016年6月

Newsreport1

TheInternationalLaborOrganizationsaysthenumberofpeoplewithoutjobsisincreasing.Initslatestupdateonglobalemploymenttrends,theagencysaysprojectionsofthenumberofunemployedpeoplethisyearrangefrom210milliontonearly240millionpeople.Thereportwarnsthat200millionpoorworkersareatriskofjoiningtheranksofpeoplelivingonlessthan2dollarsperdayinthepastthreeyears.ThedirectorgeneraloftheInternationalLaborOrganizationJuanSomavianotesthatsomecountrieshavetakenmeasurestoaddresstheeffectsoftheglobalcrisis.

However,hepointsoutthatmanycountrieshavenotdoneso.Andbasedonpastexperiences,ittakesfourtofiveyearsaftereconomicrecoveryforunemploymenttoreturntopre-crisislevels.Mr.SomaviasaystheInternationalLaborOrganizationisproposingaglobaljobs'agreementtodealwithunemployment.'It'skeyobjectiveistoplaysothecenterofrecoveryefforts,measuresthatwouldgeneratehighlevelsofemploymentandprovidebasicsocialprotectionforthemostvulnerable.'

Q1.Whatisthenewsreportmainlyabout?

Q2.Whatdoes,JuanSomavia,thedirectorgeneraloftheInternationalLaborOrganizationsay?

Newsreport2

BigfastfoodchainsinNewYorkCityhavestartedtoobeyafirstofitskindrule,requiringthemtopostcaloriecountsrightonthemenu.CathyNursesiswiththeNewYorkCitydepartmentofhealth,'Wewantedtogivepeopleanopportunitytoactuallyseethecaloriesbeforetheypurchasedthefoodandmakeadecisionandinformdecision.Thatiftheywanttomaketheirhealthierchoice,iftheywanttoeatfewercaloriestheycan.Andweexpectthiswillhaveahugeimpactonobesity.Andofcourse,ifithasanimpactonobesity,itwillhaveanimpactondiabetesandheartdiseaseandhighbloodpressure.'Thenewruleswillintroduceasapartofanti-obesitycampaign.Thatalsoincludesarecentcitywidebanandartificialtrans-fatsinrestaurantfood.Themenurollonlyappliestorestaurantsthatservestandardizedpotionsizesandhavefiftymorelocationsnationwide.StartinglastSaturday,chainsbigenoughtofallundertherulewillfacepenaltiesabout2000dollarsfornotshowingcalorieinformationinaprominentspotontheirmenuspreferablynexttotheprice.

Q3.WhatarebigfastfoodchainsinNewYorkCityrequiretodoaccordingtothenewrule?

Q4.Whatwouldhappentobigrestaurantchainsthatviolatethenewrule?

NewsReports

NewsReportThree

Almostallcompaniesrecognizetheimportanceofinnovationtoday.Butnotmanyareabletointegrateinnovationintotheirbusiness.

AcommentaryintheShanghaiDailypointsoutthatinnovationdoesn'tmeanpilesofdocuments.Itissomethingmorepractical.Thearticlesaysmanypeopletendtoassumethatinnovationjustmeanscreatingsomethingnew,butactuallyit'smorethanthat.It'sanattitudeofdoingthings.Acompanyshouldfindwaystoinnovatenotjustinproductsbutalsoinfunctions,businessmodelsandprocesses.

ThearticlecitestheglobalgiantProcter&Gambleasanexample,sayingarealinnovativecompanyshoulddevelopaninnovationcultureanduseitasaprimarytoolforsuccess.Procter&Gamblehasa“CorporateInnovationFund”whichoffersbigrewardsforhigh-riskideasthatsucceed.Italsohasaspecialinnovationfacilityforitsemployees.Sometimesitsemployeesarereleasedfromtheirdailyjobsforweeksandspendtheirtimeinteractingintheinnovationfacilityinstead.Inconclusion,thearticlesaysinnovativeideasalonedonotensuresuccess.It'spointlessunlessthereisarepeatableprocessinplacetoturninspirationintofinancialperformance.

Q5.Whatistheproblemwithmanycompaniesaccordingtothenewsreport?

Q6.Whatdomanypeopletendtothinkofinnovation?

Q7.WhatdoesthecompanyProcter&Gambleoweitssuccessto?

ConversationOne

M:

So,Linzy,doyouliketotextmessageonyourcellphone?

W:

Yeah,Itextmessagealot.

M:

Idon'tdoitsomuch.IprefertomakeacallifI'minahurry.

W:

Yeah,Igobothways.SometimesIdon’treallywanttotalktotheperson.Ijustwanttoaskthemonequestion,soit'smucheasierformejusttotextmessage.IfIcallthem,I'llhavetohavealongconversation.

M:

Yeah,Icanseewhatyoumean.ButIgetoffthephoneprettyquicklywhenIcall.I'mnotabigtalker.

W:

Yeah,that'strue.Youdon'ttalkalot.

M:

Soareyoufastatwritingthemessageswithyourthumb?

W:

Well,whenIfirstgotacellphone,Iwassoslow.IthoughtIwouldnevertextmessage.Butthenpeoplekepttextmessagingme,soIfeltobligedtolearnhowtotextmessage.SonowI'mprettyfast.Whataboutyou?

M:

ActuallyIhavetheoppositeproblem.WhenIfirstgotmycellphone,Ithoughtitwassocooltotextmessageallmyfriendswhohaveone,andIwasprettyfastwithmythumbthen.ButitseemslikenowIdon'tuseitsomuch,I'vegotsloweractually.

W:

Yeah,Ithinktextmessagingactuallyiswhatyouhavetodowithyourage.Forexample,peopleinhighschool,theytextmessagealot.ButIaskmyfatherifhetextedmessages,andguesswhathesaid?

M:

What?

W:

Hesaidhe'dnevertextmessage.Hethinksit'sverychildishandunprofessionaltotextmessage.

M:

Yeah,Icanseewhathemeans.It'sconsideredprettyinformaltotextmessagetosomeone.

Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyou'vejustheard.

Q8:

Whatdoesthemansayabouthimself?

Q9:

Whatdoesthewomantendtodowhilesheisonthephone?

Q10:

Whydidthemantextmessageallhisfriendswhenhefirstgothiscellphone?

Q11:

Whatdoesthewoman'sfatherthinkoftextmessaging?

ConversationTwo

W:

Goodmorning,Mr.Johnson.HowcanIhelpyou?

M:

Well,I'dliketotalktoyouaboutTimBond,thedepartmentmanager.

W:

Whatseemstobetheproblem?

M:

Well,eversinceSandraleftthedepartment,IfeellikeI'vebeentargetedtodoallherworkaswellasmine.I'mexpectedtoattendtoomanymeetingsandIseemtobespendingalotofmytimedoingunnecessarypaperwork.

W:

I'msorrytohearthat.

M:

And,ontopofthat,I'dspecificallyaskedifIcouldleaveearlylastFridayasIdonealotofovertimeduringtheweek.Butthatafternoon,eventhoughI'dfinishedmyassignedwork,Iwastoldtohelpothercolleaguesfinishtheirwork,too.

W:

Butsurelythat'sapositivesignshowingthatMr.Bondhasalotoftrustinyou.

M:

Yes,butothercolleaguesgettoleaveearly,andtheydon'thavesuchalotofworktodo.

W:

Soyoufeelhe'sreallymakingunrealisticdemandsonyou?

M:

Yes,absolutely.

W:

HaveyouapproachedMr.Bondaboutthisparticularproblem?

M:

I'vetried,butitseemslikehejusthasnotimeforme.

W:

Well,atthisstage,itwouldbebetterifyouapproachedhimdirectly.Ifnothingelseshowingthatyou'vetriedtosolvetheproblemyourselfbeforeyoutakeitfurther.Makesitclearthatyou'rejustnotacomplainer.Whydon'tyousendanemailrequestingameetingwithhiminprivate?

M:

Hmm,I'vebeenabitworriedabouthisreaction.ButanywayI'llsendhimanemailtorequestameeting,andI'llseewhathappensfromthere.Thanksforyouradvice.

W:

Goodluck.Andletusknowtheoutcome.

Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyou'vejustheard.

Q12.Whatdowelearnaboutthemanfromtheconversation?

Q13.Whatistheman'schiefcomplaint?

Q14.Howdoesthewomaninterpretthefactthatthemanwasaskedtohelphiscolleagueswiththeirwork?

Q15.Whatdidthewomanadvisethemantodo?

Passages

PassageOne

Themassivedeclineinsleephappenedsoslowlyandquietlythatfewseemedtonoticethetrend.WasitbecauseofthegrowingattractionoftheInternet,videogamesandendlessTVchannels?

Neverdisconnectingfromwork?

Nomatterhowithappened,millionsofAmericansareputtingtheirhealth,qualityoflifeandevenlengthoflifeindanger.

Newevidenceshowswhygettingenoughsleepisatoppriority.Some40%ofAmericansgetlessthan7hoursofshut-eyeonweeknights."Thelinkbetweensleepandhealth,andbadsleepanddiseaseisbecomingclearerandclearer."saysLawrenceAlberstaine,asleepexpertatHarvardUniversity.Forexample,sleepdurationhasdeclinedfromsome8hoursinthe1950sto7inrecentyears.Atthesametime,highbloodpressurehasbecomeanincreasingproblem.Bloodpressureandheartratearetypicallyattheirlowestlevelsduringsleep.Peoplewhosleeplesstendtohavehigherbloodpressure,heartattack,diabetes,weightgainandotherproblems.

Sleepingbettermayhelpfightoffillness."Whenpeoplearesleep-derived,therearehigherlevelsofstresshormonesintheirbodieswhichcandecreaseimmunefunction."saysDoctorFelice,ofNorthwesternUniversityinChicago.AuniversityofChicagostudyshowspeoplewhosleepwelllivelonger.Sosaygoodnightsooneranditmayhelpyoustayactiveandvitaltoaripeoldage.

Q16.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?

Q17.Whatdowelearnfromthetalkabouttoday'sAmericans?

Q18.Whatdoesthespeakersaywillhappentopeoplewholacksleep?

PassageTwo

Parentsandteacherswilltellyounottoworrywhenapplyingforaplaceatauniversity.Butinthesamebreathwillremindyouthatitisthemostimportantdecisionofyourlife.

Thefirstdecisionisyourchoiceofcourse.Itwilldependonwhatyouwanttogetoutofuniversity,whatyouaregoodatandwhatyouenjoy.Thenextdecisioniswheretoapply.Aimhighbutwithinreason.Doyouhavetherightcombinationofsubjectsandareyourexpectedgradeslikelytomeetentryrequirements?

ThedeadlineisJanuary15th.Butitisbesttosubmityourapplicationearlybecauseuniversitiesbeginworkassoonasformsstartrollingin.