《牛津高中英语》模块3 Reading Project课文.docx

《牛津高中英语》模块3 Reading Project课文.docx

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《牛津高中英语》模块3ReadingProject课文

《牛津高中英语》模块3Reading,Project课文

　　《牛津高中英语》模块3Reading,Project课文

　　13.M3U1.Reading—Fog

　　Fogwarning

　　WhenPollylefthomethatmorning,thecitywasalreadycoveredinagreymist.Atlunch,theradioforecastthatthemistwouldbecomeathickfogintheafternoon.Atfouro’clock,Pollyleftworkandsteppedoutintothefog.Shewonderedifthebuseswouldstillberunning.

　　NobusestoKingStreet

　　Onceoutinthestreet,shewalkedquicklytowardsherusualbusstop.

　　‘Howfarareyougoing?

’thebusconductoraskedherbeforehetookherfare.

　　‘KingStreet,’saidPolly.

　　‘Sorry,Miss,’repliedtheman,‘thetruthisthatitistoofoggyforthebustorunthatfar.TaketheUndergroundtoGreenPark.Theweathermightbebetterthereandyoumightbeabletogetataxi.’

　　Atallman

　　AsPollyobservedthepassengersonthetrain,shehadafeelingthatshewasbeingwatchedbyatallmaninadarkovercoat.AtlastthetrainarrivedatGreenParkstation.Whiletherestofthepassengersweregettingout,sheglancedatthefacesaroundher.Thetallmanwasnowheretobeseen.

　　Footsteps

　　WhenPollygottothestationentrance,itwasempty.Outside,wherevershelookedthefoglaylikeathick,greycloud.Therewasnooneinsight.PollysetofftowardsParkStreet.Asshewalkedalongthenarrowstreet,sheheardthesoundoffootstepsapproaching,butbythetimeshereachedthecornerofthestreet,thefootstepsweregone.SuddenlyPollyfeltaroughhandbrushhercheek,andsheheardaman’svoiceinherearsaying‘Sorry.’Themanmovedaway.Shecouldfeelherheartbeatingwithfear.

　　Thehelpfulstranger

　　Thensheheardthesoundagain-softfootstepsbehindher.Aminutebefore,shehadwishedforsomeonetocomealong.Nowshewantedtorun,butfearheldherstill.Thefootstepsseemedclosenow.Thenaman’svoicecameoutofthedarkness.‘Isanybodythere?

’

　　Pollyhesitated.Atlastsheanswered,‘Hello,IthinkI’mlost.’

　　Afewsecondslater,ahandreachedoutandgraspedherarm.Pollyfoundherselfstaringupatthefaceofanoldmanwithabeard.

　　‘MaybeIcanhelpyou.Whichroaddoyouwant?

’Heasked.

　　‘Iliveat86KingStreet,’Polyreplied.

　　‘Justtakemyhand,’saidtheman.‘Comewithme.You’llbeallright.’HetookPolly’shand.‘Watchoutforthestephere.’

　　Inhisotherhandthemancarriedastick.Pollyheardithitthestep.‘Icanremembersometerriblefogs,butmaybethatwasbeforeyourtime.Ican’tseeyourface,butyousoundyoung.Howoldareyou?

’

　　‘Justtwenty,’answeredPolly.

　　‘Ah,twenty!

Aniceagetobe!

Iwasyoungonce.Nowwe’reatthecrossroads.Turnlefthere.’

　　‘I’mquitelostnow.Areyousureyouknowtheway?

’Pollywasbeginningtofeelfrightenedagain.

　　‘Ofcourse.Youreallyshouldn’tfeelanxious.’Heheldherhandmorefirmly.

　　Thegratefulhelper

　　‘Hereweare.KingStreet.’Hestopped.

　　‘Thankyousomuchforcomingtomyaid,’saidPollyinrelief.‘Wouldyouliketocomeinandrestforawhile?

’

　　‘It’sveryniceofyou,’saidtheman,‘butI’llbeoff.Theremaybemorepeoplelosttoday,andI’dliketohelpthem.Yousee,afogthisbadisrare.Itgivesmethechancetopaybackthehelpthatpeoplegivemewhenit’ssunny.Ablindpersonlikemecan’tgetacrosstheroadwithouthelp,exceptinafoglikethis.’

　　14.M3U1.Project

（1）—Sharkattacks

　　Therearenearly400differenttypesofsharks,butonlyabout30typesareknowntohaveattackedhumanbeings.Manypeopleknowthatthemostdangeroussharkisthegreatwhiteshark,mainlybecausetheyhaveseenthemovieJaws.However,twoothersharksarealsoratherdangerous:

thetigersharkandthebullshark.

　　Contrarytowhatmanypeoplemightassume,evidenceshowsthatsharksseldomattackhumans.Therearethreetypesofsharkattacks.Inthemaintype,thesharkattacksyoubecauseitmistakesyouforafish,butwhenittasteshumanfleshitdecidestogiveupandswimaway.Inthesecondtype,thesharkpushesyouwithitsnosetofindoutifyouarefittobeeaten,andthenbitesyouifitthinksyouare.Inthethirdtype,thesharkwaitsforyoutoswimby,andthenattacksyousuddenly.Thelasttwotypesofattackmoreoftenresultinthedeathofhumans.

　　Toreducetheriskofasharkattack,youshouldfollowthesesuggestions.

　　nDonotswiminthedark.Sharkscanstillseeyoubutyoucannotseethem.

　　nDonotgoswimmingintheoceanifyouhaveafreshwound.Sharkscansmellbloodoveralongdistance.

　　nDonotwearbrightclothingorjewellery,becausesharksareattractedtotheflashofcolorsandbrightobjects.

　　nStayingroups,assharksusuallyavoidlargenumbersofpeople.

　　Recently,sharkattackshavebeenincreasingaswatersportsarebecomingmorepopular.Ifasharkattacksyou,followtheadvicebelow.

　　nKeepcalm.Donotpanic.

　　nHitthesharkonthenosewithyourfist.

　　nStickyourfingerintheshark'seye.

　　Don'tbefrightenedbysharks:

youare30timesmorelikelytobehitbylightningthanbeattackedbyashark.

　　15.M3U1.Project

（2）—Thewonderfulworldofpigeons

　　Itisnight.Allisquiet.Thesoldiersareasleepwhileaguardwatchesfortheenemy.Thereisaflash,andthesoundofguns!

Theyarebeingattacked!

Hundredsofenemysoldiersrushtowardsthem.Theyareallgoingtobekilledunlesstheygethelp.Whatshouldtheydo?

　　Anofficerwritesashortmessagequicklyonasmallpieceofpaper:

'Beingattacked!

Hurry!

'

　　Herollsupthepaperandputsitintoasmallcase,andthenreachesintoacageandgetsabird.Attachingthemessagetoitsleg,hesetsthebirdloose.Itimmediatelyfliesintotheairanddisappearsinthedark.

　　Willthebirdarriveintime?

Willtheybesaved?

　　Thoughitmayseemhardtobelieve,thebirdtheofficerusesisthesamebirdoftenseeninpublicparks—thepigeon.Pigeonshaveawonderfulsenseofdirectionandcanfindtheirwayhomeoverlongdistances.Indeed,pigeonshavebeenknowntoflyhomefromasfarawayas1,800kilometres.Thatiswhypigeonshavebeenusedsinceancienttimestocarrythenewsoreventhemail.However,itwasinwarthattheyfoundtheirgreatestuse.DuringbothWorldWarIandII,pigeonswereemployedbyarmiestocarrymessagestoandfromthefrontlines,savingthelivesofmanysoldiersandevenhelpingwinsomeimportantvictories.

　　Howdopigeonsfindtheirway?

Pigeonsappeartohaveacompassinsidethemthattellsthemwhichwayisnorth.Howthiscompassworksremainsamystery.Ofcourse,sinceacompassaloneisnotenoughtofindone'sway,theyalsoappeartousetheirsightandeventheirsenseofsmelltotellthemwhichwaytheyshouldgo.Unlikehumans,theynevergetlostandcanalwaysfindtheirwayhome.

　　16.M3U2.Reading—Englishanditshistory

　　Allthroughhistory,peoplefrommanydifferentcountriesandcultureshavelivedtogetherinBritain.TheEnglishlanguageismadeupofthegrammarandvocabularythesepeoplebroughttoBritain.ThatiswhyEnglishhassomanydifficultrulesthatconfusepeople.

　　OldEnglish

　　OldEnglishisverydifferentfromtheEnglishwespeaknowadays.Infact,wewouldnotbeabletounderstanditifweheardittoday.Beforethemiddleofthe5thcentury,peopleinBritainallspokealanguagecalledCeltic.ThentwoGermanicgroupsfromtheEuropeanmainland—theanglesandtheSaxons—occupiedBritain.OldEnglishconsistedofamixtureoftheirlanguages.（BoththeEnglishlanguageandtheEnglishpeoplearenamedaftertheangles;thewordAnglewasspeltEngleinoldEnglish.）AsidefromplacenamessuchasLondon,veryfewCelticwordsbecamepartofoldEnglish.Attheendofthe9thcentury,theVikings,peoplefromNorthernEuropeancountriessuchasDenmarkandNorway,begantomovetoBritain.Theybroughtwiththemtheirlanguages,whichalsomixedwithOldEnglish.Bythe10thcentury,OldEnglishhadbecometheofficiallanguageofEngland.

　　WhenwespeakEnglishtoday,wesometimesfeelpuzzledaboutwhichwordsorphrasestouse.ThisisbecauseEnglishhasmanywordsandphrasesfromdifferentlanguages,butwithsimilarmeanings.Forexample,thewordsickcamefromawordonceusedbytheAnglesandtheSaxons,whileillcamefromawordonceusedbytheNorwegians.

　　MiddleEnglish

　　MiddleEnglishisthenamegiventotheEnglishusedfromaroundthe12thtothe15thcenturies.ManythingsplayedapartinthedevelopmentofthisnewtypeofEnglish.ThemostimportantcontributionwasfromtheNormans,aFrench-speakingpeoplewhodefeatedEnglandandtookcontrolofthecountryin1066.However,theNormanConquestdidnotaffectEnglishasmuchastheAnglesandtheSaxons’victoryabout600yearsearlier,whichledtooldEnglishreplacingCeltic.EventhoughtheNormansspokeFrenchfortheentire250yearstheyruledEnglish,FrenchdidnotreplaceEnglishasthefirstlanguage.Ontheotherhand,theEnglishlanguagedidborrowmanywordsfromFrench.Thisresultedinevenmorewordswithsimilarmeanings,suchasanswer（fromOldEnglish）andreply（fromOldFrench）.Itisinterestingtolearnhowthewordsforanimalsandmeatdeveloped.AftertheNormanConquest,manyEnglishpeopleworkedasservantswhoraisedanimals.Therefore,thewordsweuseformostanimalsraisedforfoodsuchascow,sheepandpig,camefromOldEnglish.However,thewordsforthemeatoftheseanimals,whichwasservedtotheNormans,camefromOldFrench:

beef,mutton,porkandbacon.

　　OldFrenchmadeothercontributionstoMiddleEnglishaswell.InOldEnglish,theGermanicwayofmakingwordspluralwasused.Forexample,theysaidhouseninsteadofhouses,andshoeninsteadofshoes.AftertheNormanstookcontroltheybeganusingtheFrenchway