医学英语词汇知识整合前后缀词根.docx
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医学英语词汇知识整合前后缀词根
MedicalTerminology
http:
//msjensen.cehd.umn.edu/1135/Worksheets/medterms/default.html
Differentprofessionshavedifferent"languages".Anexampleofthisisautomaintenance:
automobilemechanicsusetermstodescribetheobjectsandsituationstheyencounterwhileworking,suchas"mastercylinder"and"oilfilter".Comparatively,medicalworkersusetermstodescribetheobjectsandsituationsencounteredintheirfields,suchas"hepatitis"and"intravenous".Thewords-orterms-whichmakeupthelanguageofmedicinearereferredtoastheterminologyofthemedicalfield,orMedicalTerminology.
Likeeveryotherlanguage,medicalterminologyhaschangedovertime.Thebasisformedicalterminology;however,remainsthesame.ThemajorityofmedicaltermsarebasedinLatinorGreek.
Roots
WordRoot
Definition
abdomin
abdomen
acanth
thorny,spiny
acetabul
acetabulum（hipsocket）
acou
hearing
acr
extremities;height
actin
ray;radius
adenoid
adenoids
aden
gland
adrenal
adrenalgland
adren
adrenalgland
aer
air;gas
albumin
albumin
algesi
pain
alveol
alveolus
ambly
dull;dim
amni
amnion
amnion
amnion
amyl
starch
andr
male
angi
vessel
anis
unequal;dissimilar
ankyl
crooked;stiff;bent
antr
antrum
an
anus
aort
aorta
aponeur
aponeurosis
appendic
appendix
arche
first;beginning
arteri
artery
arteriol
arteriole（smallartery）
arthr
joint
articul
joint
atel
imperfect;incomplete
ather
yellowish;fattyplaque
atri
atrium
aur
ear
aut
self
axill
armpit
azot
urea;nitrogen
bacteri
bacteria
balan
glanspenis
bi
life
bil
bile
blast
developingcell
blephar
eyelid
brachi
arm
bronch
bronchus
bronchiol
bronchiole
bucc
cheek
burs
bursa（cavity）
calc
calcium
cancer
cancer
carcin
cancer
cardi
heart
carp
carpals（wristbones）
caud
tail;towardthelowerpartofthebody
cec
cecum
celi
abdomen（abdominalcavity）
cephal
head
cerebell
cerebellum
cerebr
cerebrum,brain
cerumin
cerumen（earwax）
cervic
cervix
cheil
lip
chir
hand
cholangi
bileduct
chol
gall;bile
choledoch
commonbileduct
chondr
cartilage
chori
chorion
chrom
color
clavic
clavicle（collarbone）
clavicul
clavicle（collarbone）
col
colon
colp
vagina
coni
dust
conjunctiv
conjunctiva
core
pupil
corne
cornea
coron
heart
cortic
cortex（outerlayerofbodyorgan）
cor
pupil
cost
rib
crani
cranium（skull）
cry
cold
crypt
hidden
culd
culdesac
cutane
skin
cyan
blue
cyes
pregnancy
cyst
bladder;sac
cyt
cell
dacry
tear,tearduct
dactyl
fingersortoes
dent
tooth
dermat
skin
derm
skin
dextr
right
diaphor
sweat
diaphragmat
diaphragm
dipl
two;double
dips
thirst
disk
intervertebraldisk
diverticul
diverticulum
dors
back（ofthebody）
duoden
duodenum
dur
hard;duramater
dynam
powerorstrength
ech
sound
ectop
locatedawayfromusualplace
electr
electricity,electricalactivity
embry
embryo;tobefull
emmetr
anormalmeasues
encephal
brain
endocrin
endocrine
enter
intestines
epididym
epididymis
epiglott
epiglottis
episi
vulva
epitheli
epithelium
erythr
red
esophag
esophagus
esthesi
sensation,sensitivity,feeling
eti
cause（ofdisease）
faci
face
femor
femur（upperlegbone）
fet
fetus;unbornchild
fibr
fibroustissue,fibers
fibul
fibula（lowerleg）
gangli
ganglion
ganglion
ganglion
gastr
stomach
ger
oldage;aged
geront
oldage;aged
gingiv
gum
glomerul
glomerulus
gloss
tongue
gluc
sweetness;sugar
glyc
sugar
glycos
sugar
gnath
jaw
gnos
knowledge
gon
seed
gravid
pregnancy
gynec
woman
gyn
woman
hem
blood
hemat
blood
hepat
liver
herni
hernia
heter
other
hidr
sweat
hist
tissue
hom
same
home
sameness;unchanging
humer
humerus（upperarmbone）
hydr
water
hymen
hymen
hypn
sleep
hyster
uterus
iatr
medicine;physician
ichthy
fish
ile
ileum
ili
ilium
immun
immune
irid
iris
iri
iris
ischi
ischium
isch
deficiency;blockage
is
equal;same
jejun
jejunum
kal
potassium
kary
nucleus
kerat
cornea
kerat
hornytissue;hard
kin
movement
kinesi
movement;motion
kyph
hump
labi
lips
labyrinth
labyrinth
lacrim
tearduct,tear
lact
milk
lamin
lamina（thin;flatplateorlayer）
lapar
abdomen
laryng
larynx
later
side
lei
smooth
leuk
white
lingu
tongue
lip
fat
lith
stone;calculus
lob
lobe
lord
bentforward
lymph
lymph
macr
abnormallargeness
mamm
breast
mandibul
mandible（lowerjawbone）
mast
breast
mastoid
mastoid
maxill
maxilla（upperjawbone）
meat
meatus（opening）
melan
black
mening
meninges
menisc
meniscus（crescent）
men
menstruation
ment
mind
metr
uterus
mon
one
morph
form;shape
muc
mucus
myc
fungus
myel
bonemarrow;spinalcord
myelon
bonemarrow
myos
muscle
myring
eardrum
my
muscle
narc
stupor
nas
nose
nat
birth
necr
death（cells;body）
nephr
kidney
neur
nerve
noct
night
nyct
night
nyctal
night
ocul
eye
olig
scanty;few
omphal
umbilicu;navel
onc
tumor
onych
nail
oo
egg;ovum
oophor
ovary
ophthalm
eye
opt
vision
orchid
testis;testicle
orchi
testis;testicle
orch
testis;testicle
organ
organ
or
mouth
orth
straight
oste
bone
ot
ear
ov
egg
ox
oxygen
pachy
thick
palat
palate
pancreat
pancreas
papill
nipple
parathyroid
parathyroidgland
par
bear;givebirthto;labor
patell
patella（kneecap）
path
disease
part
bear;givebirthto;labor
pector
chest
ped
child;foot
pelv
pelvis;pelvicbone
perine
perineum
peritone
peritoneum
petr
stone
phac
lensoftheeye
phag
eat;swallow
phak
lensoftheeye
phalang
pharynx
phas
speech
phleb
vein
phot
light
phren
mind
physi
nature
plasm
plasma
pleur
pleura
pneumat
lung;air
pneum
lung;air
pneumon
lung;air
pod
foot
poli
graymatter
poikil
varied;irregular
polyp
polyp;smallgrowth
poster
back（ofbody）
prim
first
proct
rectum
prostat
prostategland
pseud
fake;false
psych
mind
pub
pubis
puerper
childbirth
pulmon
lung
pupill
pupil
pyel
renalpelvis
pylor
pylorus（pyloricsphincter）
py
pus
pyr
fever;heat
quadr
four
rachi
vertebra;spinalorvertebralcolumn
radic
nerveroot
radicul
nerveroot
radi
radius（lowerarmbone）
rect
rectum
ren
kidney
retin
retina
rhabd
rodshaped,striated
rhin
nose
rhytid
wrinkles
rhiz
nerveroot
salping
fallopian（uterine）tube
sarc
flesh;connectivetissue
scapul
scapula（shoulderbone）
scler
sclera
scoli
crooked,curved
seb
sebum（oil）
sept
septum
sial
saliva
sigmoid
sigmoid
sinus
sinus
somat
body
somn
sleep
son
sound
spermat
spermatozoan;sperm
sperm
spermatozoan;sperm
sphygm
pulse
spir
breathe;breathing
splen
spleen
spondyl
vertebra;spinalorvertebralcolumn
staped
stapes（middleearbone）
staphyl
grapelikeclusters
stern
sternum（breastbone）
steth
chest
stomat
mouth
strept
twistedchains
synovi
synovia;synovialmembrane
system
system
tars
tarsals（anklebones）
tars
edgeofeyelid;tarsal（instepoffoot）
tendin
tendon
tend
tendon
ten
tendon
test
testis;testicle
therm
heat
thorac
thorax（chest）
thromb
clot
thym
thymusgland
thyroid
thyroidgland
thyr
thyroidgland
tibi
tibia（lowerlegbone）
tom
cut;section
ton
tension,pressure
tonsill
tonsils
top
place
toxic
poison
trachel
neck;necklike
trache
trachea
trich
hair
tympan
eardrum;middleear
uln
ulna（lowerarmbone）
ungu
nail
ureter
ureter
urethr
urethra
urin
urine;urinarytract
ur
urine;urinarytract
uter
uterus
uvul
uvula
vagin
vagina
valv
valve
valvul
valve
vas
vessel;duct
ven
vein
ventricul
ventricle
vertebr
vertebra;spinalorvertebralcolumn
vesic
bladder;sac
vesicul
seminalvesicles
viscer
internalorgans
vulv
vulva
xanth
yellow
xer
dry
Prefixes
Prefix
Definition
a
withoutorabsenceof
ab
from;awayfrom
ad
to;toward
an
withoutorabsenceof
ana
up;again;backward
ante
before
anti
against
apo
upon
bi
two
bin
two
brady
slow
cata
down
con
together
contra
against
de
from;downfrom;lackof
dia
thorough;complete
dis
toundo;freefrom
dys
difficult;labored;painful;abnormal
ecto
outside;outer
endo
within
epi
on;upon;over
eso
inward
eu
normal;good
ex
outside;outward
exo
outside;outward
extra
outsideof;beyond
hemi
half
hyper
above;excessive
hypo
below;incomplete;deficient
in
in;into;not
infra
under;below
inter
between
intra
within
mal
bad
meso
middle
meta
after;beyond;change
micro
small
multi
many
neo
new
nulli
none
pan
all;total
para
beside;beyond;around
per
through
peri
surrounding（outer）
poly
many;much
post
after
pre
before;infrontof
pro
before
re
back
retro
back;behind
semi
half
sub
under;below
super
over;above
supra
above
sym
together;joined
syn
together;joined
tachy
fast;rapid
tetra
four
trans
through;across;beyond
tri
three
ultra
beyond;excess
uni
one
Suffixes
ac
pertainingto
al
pertainingto
ar
pertainingto
ary
pertainingto
eal
pertainingto
ial
pertainingto
ic
pertainingto
ous
pertainingto
agra
excessivepain
algia
pain
apheresis
removal
ase
enzyme
asthenia
weakness
atresia
absenceofanormalbodyopening;occlusion;closure
capnia
carbondioxide
cele
hernia;protrusion
centesis
surgicalpuncturetoaspiratefluid
cidal
killing
clasia
break
clasis
break
clast
break
clysis
irrigating;washing
coccus（pl.cocci）
berryshaped（aformofbacterium）
crine
separate;secrete
crit
toseparate
cyte
cell
desis
surgicalfixation;fusion
drome
run;running
ectasis
stretchingout;dila
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