虚拟语气练习.docx
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虚拟语气练习
虚拟语气语法讲解附带练习题
虚拟语气表示用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。
虚拟语气的重点是：
虚拟语气的特殊形式，即用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟形式，含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气和表示愿望的虚拟形式等。
（一）虚拟语气的常见句型
（1）由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气：
A用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：
过去式（be动词用were）。
B用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：
would,could,might+动词原形。
Cwish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：
had+动词过去分词或could,would+have+动词过去分词。
（2）hadhoped引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：
would+动词原形，表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。
（3）would（had）rather,wouldassoon,wouldsooner和would
prefer所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，表示希望或婉转的责备。
例如：
I'dratheryoupostedtheletterrightaway.我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。
Iwouldpreferhedidntstaytheretoolong.我倒希望他不要在那儿呆得太久。
Iwouldjustassoonyouhadreturnedthebookyesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。
（4）It's（high,about）timethat句型中that从句中要求用虚拟语气形式，即动词要用过去式。
例如：
It'sverylate.It'stimewehadtogo.天太晚了，我们得走了。
（二）特殊形式的虚拟语气
（1）should（可省略）+动词原形用于如下结构中的that从句中。
A用于表示意愿、建议、命令、提议、请求等动词后的that宾语从句中，例如：
HeorderedthatparkingbeprohibitedonMainstreetduringtherushhour.
他下令在（交通）高峰期间禁止在大街上停车。
TominsistedthathisLeadershipberecognizedbyalltheboys.
汤姆坚持让所有男孩接受他的领导。
这类动词还有：
ask要求advise建议arrange安排beg请求command命令decide决定demand要求desire渴望determine决定insist坚持intend打算
maintain坚持，主张move建议，动员propose提议object反对order命令prefer建议require需要request要求resolve下决心
recommend推荐suggest建议stipulate约定，规定urge强调，促进vote公认，提议decree颁布（法令）pray请求
B用于Itis+形容词或过去分词+主语从句中，例如：
ItisappropriatethatsometimebedevotedtothoroughstudyoftheresultsoftheApollomission.
拿出时间对阿波罗登月计划的结果做详细研究是恰当的。
Thisistheirresolutionthatextracurriculumactivitiesbemadepartoftheirschoollife.
这是他们的决议：
要使得课外活动成为他们学校生活的一部分。
这类形容词或分词有：
advisable合理的decided决定的crucial关键的appropriate恰当的determined决定的commanded命令的arranged安排的essential紧要的，基本的complied遵照anxious焦急的imperative迫切的important重要的desirable合意的better较好的，更好insistent坚持的desired想要asked请求keen渴望的incredible难以置信的adamant坚定不移的natural自然的insisted坚持necessary必要的suggested建议urgent紧迫的ordered命令shocked震惊的vital极其重要的possible可能的strange奇怪的preferable好一点proposed提议requested要求的required要求的recommended推荐resolved决定的probable可能的pity可惜，憾事shame遗憾
C表示建议、要求、命令、请求等含义的名词引导表语从句和同位语从句，例如：
Themotionisthattheremarkofthelastspeakerbeexpungedfromtherecord.
该提议要求把最后一个发言的人的讲话从记录上除掉。
这类名词常见的有：
advice忠告decision决定demand要求desire要求、愿望insistence坚持motion提议necessity必要性order命令preference偏爱，选择proposal提议pray恳求recommendation推荐request要求requirement要求resolution决心suggestion劝告，忠告
（2）虚拟语气用于asif（though）引起的方式状语从句和表语
从句中，其动词形式与wish宾语从句的形式相同。
例如：
Sheoftenlaughsspontaneously,andhergoodhumorbreaksoutasbrightlyasifitwereapartofthesunshineabove.她常常发出发自内心的微笑，而且她那美好
的情绪像天上一道明亮的阳光一样，常常流露出来。
Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.他们交谈着，就好像他们是多年的老朋友一样。
Shelooksasifshewouldcry.她看起来好像要哭了。
（3）由连接词incase,sothat,unless,lost,forfearthat引起的状语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟形式，即should（might,would）+动词原形，
例如：
Sheputablanketoverthebabyforfearthatheshouldcatchcold.她在那个婴儿的身上盖上了毯子以免他着凉。
（三）含蓄虚拟条件句
含蓄虚拟条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。
常用来表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段有：
（1）介词或介词短语，如butfor,butthat,without,incaseof,under,undermorefavourablecondition等。
（2）连词，如：
sothat,unless,incase,supposing,lest,provided（倘若……），forfearthat（惟恐）,insgroupsthat,onconditionthat,ifonly（要是……就好了）等。
（注：
lest,forfearthat和incase引起的从句中谓语动词多用should+动词原形，但可以不用虚拟语气，而用动词的陈述语气形式。
）例如：
Theforeignteacherspokeslowlyincasewemisunderstoodhim.这位外籍教师说得很慢以免我们听不懂。
Caremustbetakeninusingthismethodlestoverflowshouldoccur.
在使用此法时要小心谨慎，以免会发生溢流现象。
练习题，自测一下：
1.It'stimethatyou_____homeandI'dratheryou_______againtomorrow.
A.wouldgo;wouldcome B.went;came
C.go;arecoming D.aregoing;willcome
2.Heinsistedthathe________nohelp.
A.wouldneed B.needed C.need D.needs
3.Ireallywishsuchanoise________soon.
A.hadstopped B.wouldstop C.stopped D.willstop
4.I____youamorevaluablepresentforyourbirthday,butIwasshortofmoneyatthattime.
A.muchhavebought B.hadbought C.wouldhavebought D.wouldbuy
5.Ifshecouldsew,she_______herselfashirt.
A.hadmade B.willmake C.wouldhavemade D.made
6._______hecome,theproblemwouldbesettled.
A.Would B.Should C.Shall D.If
7.I_______tostaythereforonemoreweek,butIchangedmymind.
A.wouldhavehoped B.washoping C.hadhoped D.hoped
8.It'snecessarythateachchild_________therules.
A.mustobey B.stillobey C.obeys D.obey
9.Theofficergavetheorderthatsoldiers______togooutatnight
A.mustn'tbeallowed B.notbeallowed C.benotallowed D.shouldn'tallow
10.Hissilenceatthemeetingsuggestedthathe______toyourplan.
A.shouldn'tagree B.wouldn'tagree C.hadn'tagreed D.didn'tagree
11.You______tothemeetingyesterday.Whatwasthereasonforyourabsence?
A.hadcome B.came C.wouldhavecome D.shouldhavecome
12.He______thejobwell,buthe_________socareless.
A.hadn'tdone;hadbeen B.couldhavedone;was
C.coulddo;was D.haddone;hadbeen
13.Therewasplentyoftime,she_______havehurried.
A.wouldn't B.needn't C.couldn't D.mustn't
14.Hedidn'tcomeyesterday,oryou________him.
A.hadseen B.mighthaveseen C.weretosee D.wouldsee
15.LiNingactedthatwayasthoughhe_________aforeigner.
A.were B.hadbeen C.shouldbe D.is
16."HaveyouvisitedtheScienceMuseum?
""No,butIreallywishI_______."
A.had B.did C.have D.will
17.______hewouldhavesucceededintheexaminations.
A.Ifhehasworkedhard B.Ifheworkshard
C.Ifheworkedhard D.Hadheworkedhard
18.Whatwouldyoudoifthewar____________.
A.wouldbreakout B.weretobreakout C.willbreakout D.isbrokenout
19.Ourformermathsteacherdiedofcancerlastterm,otherwisehe_________now.
A.wouldstillbeworking B.wouldstillhaveworked
C.shouldstillwork D.willstillwork
20.Ifit_______sohard,we'dgototown.
A.isn'tgoingtorain B.doesn't C.weren'training D.isn'training
21.Withoutyourhelp,I_______theexamlastterm.
A.failedin B.wouldhavefailed C.wouldn'tpass D.wouldfail
22.ButfortheParty,he______ofhunger30yearsago.
A.died B.woulddie C.musthavedied D.wouldhavedied
23.Thedoctordideverythinghecouldsothathe_________savethesoldier'slife.
A.might B.must C.hadto D.wasableto
参考答案
1-5BBBCC
6-10BADBD
11-15DBBBA
16-20ADBAC
21-23BDA
高中语法---虚拟语气专项练习
1.Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood,English____mucheasier.
A.willbe B.wouldhavebeen C.couldhavebeen D.wouldbe
2.Ifshehadworkedharder,she____.
A.wouldsucceed B.hadsucceeded C.shouldsucceed D.wouldhavesucceeded
3.—Ifhe____,he____thatfood.
—Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.
A.waswarned;wouldnottake B.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetaken
C.wouldbewarned;hadnottaken D.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken
4.Ifhe____mehistelephonenumberyesterday,I____abletoringhimupnow.
A.told;wouldbe B.hadtold;wouldbe C.hadtold;wouldhavebeen D.told;am
5.IfI____you,I____toAustraliawithMr.Smith.
A.hadbeen;wouldgo B.were;hadgone C.were;wouldhavegone D.am;willgo
6.Withoutelectricityhumanlife____quitedifferenttoday.
A.is B.willbe C.wouldhavebeen D.wouldbe
7.Ourmonitorwasabsent.OtherwiseI____thechair.
A.wouldnottake B.didn'ttake C.hadn'ttaken D.wouldn'thavetaken
8.—Theexperimenthasfailed!
—Isuggestthatyou____again.
A.try B.trying C.willtry D.wouldtry
9.Hissilenceatthemeetingsuggestedthathe____toyourplan.
A.didn'tagree B.hadn'tagreed C.wouldn'tagree D.notagree
10.Thefatherinsistedhisdaughter____arichman.
A.wouldbeengagedto B.beengagedto C.shouldengageto D.mustbeengagedto
11.Sheinsistedthatshe____illofhimbehindhim,buthedidn'tbelieve.
A.hadn'tspoken B.shouldn'tspeak C.wouldn'tspeak D.notspeak
12.—IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.
—Oh,didyou?
You____withBarbara.
A.couldhavestayed B.couldstay C.wouldstay D.musthavestayed
13.Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.You____homewithoutaword.
A.mustn'tleave B.shouldn'thaveleft C.couldn'thaveleft D.needn'tleave
14.Therewasplentyoftime.She____.
A.mustn'thavehurried B.needn'thavehurried C.mustnothurry D.couldn'thavehurried
15.IwishI____youyesterday.
A.seen B.didsee C.hadseen D.weretosee
16.Ifmylawyer____herelastSaturday,he____mefromgoing.
A.hadbeen;wouldhaveprevented B.hadbeen;wouldprevent
C.were;wouldprevent D.were;wouldhaveprevented
17.He____youmorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.
A.mighthavegiven B.mightgive C.mayhavegiven D.maygive
18.Ifit____forthesnow,we____themountainyesterday.
A.werenot;couldhaveclimbed B.werenot;couldclimb
C.hadnotbeen;couldhaveclimbed D.hadnotbeen;couldclimb
19.ItoldSallyhowtogetthere,butperhapsI____forher.
A.hadtowriteitout B.musthavewrittenitout
C.shouldhavewrittenitout D.oughttowriteitout
20.Ididn'tseeyoursistera
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