非谓语动词.docx
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非谓语动词
非谓语动词
一、谓语动词与非谓语动词
谓语动词→在句子中作谓语的动词。
如：
1.Youngpeopleoftenhikeandtheyenjoyhikingverymuch.
2.Rose,whoisanattractivegirl,worksinafactoryandnowsheisworkinganewmachine.
非谓语动词→在句子里不能做谓语的动词。
二、非谓语动词是什么样子呢？
它以三种形式出现：
1.todo
2.-ving
3.–ved
三、非谓语动词是动词吗？
能充当其他成分吗？
1.是动词→所以有时态、语态的区别
如：
1>Hetriedtoworkouttheproblem.
2>Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.
3>Thetowerbeingrepairedwasputupinthe
TangDynasty.
四、n,adj,adv→n（主、表、宾）、adj（定）、adv（状）
Toseeistobelieve.
Sayingiseasierthandoing.
Heloathedgettingupearlyinthemorning.
Heisapromisingyoungman.
Seeingacarcoming,theysteppedaside.
考点透析
to-do（do）
1.作主语或表语
Tohesitatemeansfailure.
Tothinkofyoumakesmeold.
Toknowoneselfisdifficult.
Toerrishuman.
Totalktoheristotalktoawall.
Toloveistobeloved.
Toseeheristoloveher.
Toliveistodosthworthwhile.
Todoitistoruinyourself.
Hewastoperishinacarcrashandtoleaveawifeand6children.
Howtogetridoftheseverminsisabigproblem.
考点一:
真正主语to-do被置于句末，用It放在句首充当形式主语。
Itrequirespatiencetobeagoodnurse.
IttakesSusan2hourstodressherselfupeachday.
（1）Itis/was+adj+of/forsb+todo
Itwasthoughtful__hertocometoseemewhenIwasill.
Itwasnasty__Jimtobehavelikethat.
Itisimportant__ustounderstandthepoint.
Itisfoolish___hertobuythepicture.
（2）Itis+n+todo
N→apity,one’sduty,anhonor,ashame,acrime,etc.
Itisapitytogowithouther.
Itisagloriousdeathtodieforthepeople.
考点二:
To-do与–ving（n）作主语和表语时的区别
Sendingane-mailisquitecommontoday.（）
Tosendane-mailismytaskthisafternoon.（）
MyjobisteachingEnglish.（）
Mytoday’sjobistoteachyouhowtolearnEnglishwell.（）
考点三:
-ving作真正的主语，it为形式主语.
结构为：
Itis+n/adj+doingsth
N→nogood,nouse,nopoint,nosense,noharm,awasteoftimeetc.
Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.
Itisnogoodobjecting.
ItisgoodplayingChinesechessaftersupper.
2.作宾语
常用to-do作宾语的词有afford,attempt,continue,dare,decide,decline,endeavor,hesitate,hope,intend,prepare,pretend,tend,venture,want,volunteer等。
Ican’taffordtoliveinadetachedhouse.
Peterfailedtopassthefinalexam.
考点一:
用it作形式宾语，真正宾语to-do
常用该结构的动词有：
find,feel,believe,make,consider等.
Ifounditinterestingtoplaysnooker.
Doyouconsideritbetternottogo?
考点二:
作but/except的宾语，注意要不要to.
Hehadnoalternativebuttoturnbackhome.
Thereisnochoicebuttowaitandsee.
Shedideverythingexceptcleanthefloor.
HedidnothingbutplayPCgameseveryday.
考点三:
英语中，有的动词或词组后面必须+doing形式，不能接to-do.如:
avoid,admit,advocate,enjoy,feellike,escape,risk,havedifficulty/trouble/problem（in）doing,can’thelpdoingsth等
Thegirlavoidgivingheranypersonalinfo.
Doyoufeellikegoingtothemovie?
Wehaddifficultyincarryingouttheplan.
考点四:
to是不定式？
还是介词？
be/getused/accustomedtodoing,beopposedto,devoteoneselfto,getdownto,lookforwardto,objectto,stickto,taketo等.
Iamlookingforwardtoseeingyouagain.
Myuncletooktosmokingyearsago.
3.作宾补
结构为：
v+sb+todo常见的动词有:
advise,ask,compel,direct,enable,expect,force,tell,want,urge,persuade等。
Tellthekidsnottoplayonthestreet.
Mybosswantsmetogobacksoon.
Helikeshiswifetodresswell.
考点一:
hope/demand/propose/suggestsbtodosth
Hedemandedmetogiveupthechance.
Hehopedmetohaveagoodtime.
HedemandedthatIgiveupthechance.
HehopedthatIwouldhaveagoodtime.
考点二:
使役动词+sb+dosth
感官动词+sb+（to）-do/doing?
Wemusthavesomeonerepairthecomputer.
Shesmellsthburningandsawsmokerising.
Ifshecatchesmereadingherdiary,she’llbefurious.
Isawhimswimintheriveryesterday.
Isawhimswimmingintheriveryesterday.
4.作定语
to-do作定语需要后置。
如:
sthtoeatwatertodrink
Thereisnoneedtowakehimup.
Didyouhaveaproperreasontosayso?
Shewastheonlypersontogetascholarship.
考点一:
如果to-do和它前面的修饰词是动宾关系,不定式是vi,或是工作对象、工具等，这时不定式后需要相应的介词。
如：
Heislookingforaroomtolive__.
Pleasegivemeaknifetocut__.
Sheboughtabookshelftoputherbooks__.
Hehasakidtotakecare__.
Shecanfindnoonetomakefriends__.
Helentmeabooktokilltime__.
5.作状语
（1）表目的.如：
Weeattolive.
Tosavethechild,helaiddownhislife.
Hurryupsoasnottobelatefortheclass.
---Whywastheofficialmeetingcalled?
---___newofficers.
A.SelectB.Selecting
C.ToselectD.Forselecting
（2）表结果（learn,find,see,hearetc.）
Hesurvivedthecrashonlytodieinthedesert.
Hestudiedhardonlytofail.
Theypartednevertoseeeachother.
Shegrewuptobeadiplomat.
（3）表原因/条件
Nicetomeetyou.
Thekidslaughedtoseetwoclowns.
Tolookather,youwouldlikeher.
注意：
to-do的时态
1.一般式（to）do
Theysawhimgoout.
Theydecidedtoplantmoretreesthisspring.
2.进行时（tobedoing）
Theyseemedtobediscussingsthimportant.
3.完成时（tohavedone）
I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaitingforsolong.
HeissaidtohavewrittenabookonIraq.
-ving（adj）/-ved（★★★★★）
一．区别
现在分词表主动；过去分词表被动。
现在分词表进行；过去分词表完成。
atouching/movingstory
atouched/movedaudience
therisingsunacharminggirl
therisensunacharmedgirl
thechangingworlddevelopingcountries
thechangedworlddevelopedcountries
aspeakingbird/thespokenEnglish（主/被）
returnedstudents,vanishedyouth,
gonesummers,fallenangel,agedpainter
drunkenman,datedmap/music（完成）
二．功能
1.作表语
Themusicispleasingtotheear.
Hebecamediscouraged.
Hegotpromoted.
Thenewswasdisappointing.
2.作宾补
Shesmeltsthburning.
He’shappytoseeheroldmothertakengoodcareofathome.
Iwantthiswatchrepairedatonce.
3.作定语
（1）单个分词作定语前置。
如:
Boilingwater,agrown-updaughter,anescapedprisoner,
（2）分词短语作定语要后置
Isawagroupofstudentsreturnfromtheschool.
MostoftheyoungteachersworkinthisuniversityarePh.D.
Doyouknowthegirlemploybythiscompany?
SuddenlyJohnsawalittlegirlrunuptohim.
Thebook,completeinMay,sellswell.
4.作状语
（1）
While_____（cross）thestreet,youmustbecareful.→（Whileyouarecrossingthestreet,…）
___（see）fromthetopofthemountain,thecitylooksmorebeautiful.
2009真题第32题（河南省）
____fromspace,ourearth,withwatercovering70%ofitssurface,appearsasa“blueplanet”.
A.SeenB.Seeing
C.TobeseenD.Havingseen
___（do）allherfamilychores,themotherbegantowatchTV.
注意：
-ving的时态和否定
一般式doing动作同时或者几乎同时
完成式havingdone动作一先一后
否定式notdoing/havingdone
Shesattherereadingthebook.
Goingintotheroom,heshutthedoor.
HavinglivedinHefeiformanyyears,Iknewthecitywell.
Notknowingwheretogo,shewenttothepoliceforhelp.
（2）
Beingblind,howcouldtheyseeanelephant?
→（Becausetheywereblind,…）
Bornintoapoorfamily,hehadonlytwoyearsofschooling.
（3）
___（Stand）onthebuilding,youcanseethewholecity.
___（give）moretime,wearesuretofinishitontime.
（4）
Holdinghisheadhigh,hewalkedpastme.
Hesatathisdeskwriting,pausingtothinkandtolookoutofthewindow.
Theheadmasterwentintothelab,___（follow）bytheforeignguests.
（5）
Janefelloffherbike,cuttingherleg.
Hiswifediedin2,000,leavinghimwith6childrentolookafter.
自己带主语的分词结构→独立主格结构
1.Weatherpermit,we’llhaveanoutingtomorrow.
Lunchfinish,theguestswentouttothelounge.
Wedividedthework,shetocleanthewindowandItosweepthefloor.
Thefloorwetandslippery,wehadtostayoutside.
Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,bookinhand.
Arobberburstintotheroom,knifeinhand.
2.withstructure
With+n+-ving,-ved,adj,adv,to-do,prep.
Witheverythingconsider,weallthinkthisisaverygoodplan.
Hefellasleepwiththelampburn.
Sheenteredthetrainstation,withabaginhand.
3.therebeing/itbeing…
Therebeingnothingelsetodo,wewenthome.
Itbeingimpossibleformoststudentstohandintheirpapers,theteacherdecidedtogivethemanothertwodays.
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