职称英语应试技巧班补全短文技巧和方法讲义.docx

职称英语应试技巧班补全短文技巧和方法讲义.docx

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职称英语应试技巧班补全短文技巧和方法讲义

注意职称英语在记笔记时，一定要准备2种颜色的笔，红笔用来划重点。

（建议记笔记时，分项记录。

）

解题技巧与方法

一、看标题定文体

补全短文解题技巧解题思路：

通过选项特点判断答案。

第一个解题方法：

看标题定文体。

文体：

记叙文、议论文和说明文。

第一篇文章

LudwigVanBeethoven

LudwigvanBeethoven,amajorcomposerofthenineteenthcentury,overcamemanypersonalproblemstoachieveartisticgreatness.

BorninBonn,Germany,in1770,hefirststudiedmusicwiththecourtorganist,GillesvanderEeden.Hisfatherwasexcessivelystrictandgiventoheavydrinking.___

（1）___.AppointeddeputycourtorganisttoChristianGottlobNeefeatasurprisinglyearlyagein1782,Beethovenalsoplayedtheharpsichordandtheviola.In1792hewassenttoViennabyhispatron,CountFerdinandWaldstein,tostudymusicunderHaydn.

Beethovenremainedunmarried.__

（2）___.Continuallyplaguedbyillhealth,hedevelopedanearinfectionwhichledtohistragicdeafnessin1819.

__（3）__.Hecompletedmaturemasterpiecesofgreatmusicaldepth:

threepianosonatas,fourstringquartets,theMissaSolemnis,andthe9thSymphony.Hediedin1827.___（4）___.

NotingthatBeethovenoftenflewintofitsofrage,Goetheoncesaidofhim,“Iamastonishedbyhistalent,butheisunfortunatelyanaltogetheruntamedpersonality.”___（5）___.

A.Inspiteofthishandicap,however,hecontinuedtowritemusic.

B.Becauseofirregularpaymentsfromhispublishersanderraticsupportfromhispatrons,hewastroubledbyfinancialworriesthroughouthisadultlife.

C.Hislifewasmarkedbyapassionatededicationtoindependence.

D.Whenhismotherdied,Beethoven,thenayoungman,wasnamedguardianofhistwoyoungerbrothers.

E.AlthoughBeethoven’spersonalitymayhavebeenuntamed,hismusicshowsgreatdisciplineandcontrol,andthisishowwerememberhimbest.

F.Todayhismusicisstillbeingplayedallovertheworld.

第一篇文章----该篇为记叙文

FinancialRisks（金融风险）

Severaltypesoffinancialriskareencounteredininternationalmarketing;themajorproblemsincludecommercial,political,andforeignexchangerisk.

___

（1）___.Theyincludesolvency,default,orrefusaltopaybills.Themajorrisk,however,iscompetitionwhichcanonlybedealtwiththroughconsistentlyeffectivemanagementandmarketing.___

（2）___.Suchriskisencounteredwhenacontroversyarisesaboutthequalityofgoodsdelivered,adisputeovercontractterms,oranyotherdisagreementoverwhichpaymentiswithheld.Onecompany,forexample,shippedseveralhundredtonsofdehydratedpotatoestoadistributorinGermany.___（3）___.Thealternativesfortheexporterwerereducingtheprice,resellingthepotatoes,orshippingthemhomeagain,eachinvolvingconsiderablecost.

Politicalriskrelatestotheproblemsofwarorrevolution,currencyinconvertibility,expropriationorexpulsion,andrestrictionorcancellationofimportlicenses.___（4）___.Managementinformationsystemsandeffectivedecision-makingprocessesarethebestdefensesagainstpoliticalrisk.Asmanycompanieshavediscovered,sometimesthereisnowaytoavoidpoliticalrisk,somarketersmustbepreparedtoassumethemorgiveupdoingbusinessinparticularmarket.

Exchange-ratefluctuationsinevitablycauseproblems,butformanyyears,mostfirmscouldtakeprotectiveactiontominimizetheirunfavorableeffects.___（5）___.InternationalBusinessMachineCorporation,forexample,reportedthatexchangelossesresultedinadramatic21.6percentdropintheirearningsinthethirdquarterof1981.Beforerateswerepermittedtofloat,devaluationsofmajorcurrencieswereinfrequentandusuallycouldbeanticipated,butexchange-ratefluctuationsinthefloatsystemaredailyaffairs.

A.Politicalriskisanenvironmentalconcernforallbusinesses.

B.Oneuniqueriskencounteredbytheinternationalmarketerinvolvesfinancialadjustments.

C.Commercialrisksarehandledessentiallyasnormalcreditrisksencounteredinday-to-daybusiness.

D.Thedistributortestedtheshipmentanddeclaredittobebelowacceptabletasteandtexturestandards.

E.Floatingexchangeratesoftheworld’smajorcurrencieshaveforcedallmarketerstobeespeciallyawareofexchange-ratefluctuationsandtheneedtocompensateforthemintheirfinancialplanning.

F.Manyinternationalmarketersgobankrupteachyearbecauseofexchange-ratefluctuation.

二、三句顺口溜：

1.抓主干，猜大意，弄清它是啥东西。

比如：

because，but，inshort等。

2.不要放过特征词。

比如：

数字、专有名词、代词等。

3.小词帮你出大力，时态帮你理顺序，标点解决大问题。

标点：

句号，问号，引号句。

（一）引号句--选项中如果有引号句出现，空格所在段落可能会有引号句出现。

请大家把翻到300页，第二篇，爱因斯坦被命名为世纪之人。

EinsteinNamed“PersonofCentury”

“Theworldhaschangedfarmoreinthepast100yearsthaninanyothercenturyinhistory.Thereasonisnotpoliticaloreconomic,buttechnological—technologiesthatfloweddirectlyfromadvancesinbasicscience,”wrotetheoreticalphysicistStephenHawkinginaTimeessayexplainingEinstein’ssignificance.___

（1）____.

“WhatwesawwasFranklinRooseveltembodyingthegreatthemeoffreedom’sfightagainsttotalitarianism,Gandhipersonifyingthegreatthemeofindividualsstrugglingfortheirrights,andEinsteinbeingbothagreatgeniusandagreatsymbolofascientificrevolutionthatbroughtwithitamazingtechnologicaladvancesthathelpedexpandthegrowthoffreedom,”saidTimeMagazineEditorWalterIsaacson.

___（4）___.“Therewaslessfaithinabsolutes,notonlyoftimeandspacebutalsooftruthandmorality.”

A.“Indirectly,relativitypavedthewayforanewrelativisminmorality,artandpolitics,”IsaacsonwroteinanessayexplainingTime’schoices.

B.Howhethoughtoftherelativitytheoryinfluencedthegeneralpublic'sviewaboutAlbertEinstein.

C.“Clearly,noscientistbetterrepresentsthoseadvancesthanAlbertEinstein.”

D.Rooseveltheededtheadviceandformedthe“ManhattanProject”thatsecretlydevelopedthefirstatomicweapon.

E.Inhisearlyyears,Einsteindidnotshowthepromiseofwhathewastobecome.

F.Inhis“SpecialTheoryofRelativity,”Einsteindescribedhowtheonlyconstantintheuniverseisthespeedoflight.

看选项，看标点，找找引号句。

笔记：

引号词只有复现时才有用。

留题：

93页。

请大家把书翻到301页。

ReinventingtheTable

Anearthscientisthasrejiggedtheperiodictabletomakechemistrysimplertoteachtostudents.

“Igottiredofbreakingmyarmstryingtoexplaintheperiodictabletoearthstudents,”hesays,criss-crossinghishandsintheairandpointingtodifferentbitsofatraditionaltable.“Geochemistsjustwantanintuitivesenseofwhat’sgoingonwiththeelements,”saysAlbertGalyfromtheUniversityofCambridge___（3）____

ATherehavebeenmanyattemptstoredesigntheperiodictablesinceDmitriMendeleevdrewitupin1871.

BRailsbackhasstillorderedtheelementsaccordingtothenumberofprotonstheyhave.

C“Iimaginethiswouldbegoodforundergraduates.”

DRaisbackhaslistedsomeelementsmorethanonce.

EAndthesizeofelement’ssymbolreflectshowmuchofitisfoundintheEarth’scrust.

FThetraditionalperiodictablewaswelldrawn.

选项中看引号句，找空格所在段落。

3.

（二）问号句：

（1）一般问句，只有排比句时，才有用。

（2）特殊问句：

①who，选项如果用who来提问时，先不做。

请大家把书翻到297页，第一篇，移动电话。

MobilePhones

A.Hesaysthereisemergingevidencethatchildrenabsorblow-levelradiationataratemorethanthreetimesthatofadults.

B.Bytheyear2000itisestimatedthatAustraliawillhave8millionmobilephones:

.nearlyoneforeverytwopeople

C.“Ifmobilephonesarefoundtobedangerous,theyshouldcarryawarninglabeluntilpropershieldscanbedevised,”hesaid.

D.Thenwhofinancestheresearch?

E.Forexample,Telstra,OptusandVodaphonebuildtheirtowerswhereitisgeographicallysuitabletothemanddisregardtheneedofthecommunity.

F.Theconclusionisthatmobilephonesbringsmoreharmthanbenefit.

②why，选项如果用why来提问时，回答语一般包括以下原因词：

because+句子，becauseof+名词/名词短语，reason，dueto：

由于，owingto（oweto）：

由于。

请大家把书翻到307页，第一篇，为什么人们会变矮

WhyDoPeoplesShrink?

___（3）____Butperhapsthemostcommonreasonwhysomeolderpeopleshrinkisbecauseofosteoporosis.

That’sbecauseasthedaygoeson,waterinthedisksofthespinegetscompressed（squeezed）duetogravity,makingyoujustatinybitshorter.Don’tworry,though.___（5）___

ATheyenduppressingclosertogether,whichmakesapersonlosealittlehighandbecomeshorter.

BOnceyougetagoodnight’srest,yourbodyrecovers,andthenextmorning,you’restandingtallagain!

COvertime,boneissaidtobelostbecauseit’snotbeingreplaced.

DLuckily,therearethingsthatpeoplecandotopreventshrinking.

EThekidsspendtherestofthemovieastinypeoplewhoarebarelyvisiblewhiletryingtogetbacktotheirnormalsize.

FButwhydoesshrinkinghappenatall?

shrinking：

变矮，缩水。

③其它特殊疑问词，不包括who，why。

--抓问句的主语及回答句的主语，即问句的主语如果是名词或名词短语时，回答语的主语必为代词。

四个代词：

he，she，it，they。

请大家把书翻到319页，高空一跃。

SleepingGiant

_____2_____yetithaseruptedthreetimesduringthelastmillionyears.AndoneofthoseeruptionsspewedenoughvolcanicashandotherdebristoblankethalftheUnitedStates.

_____5_____Itisthevolcanicenergythatpowersthegeysersandhotsprings,createsthemountainsandcanyons,andgeneratestheuniqueecosystemsthatsupportYellowstone’sdiversewildlife.

AThreecalderasmakeupmorethanathirdofYellowstoneNationalPark.

BThefirstYellowstoneeruption,2millionyearsago,releasedmorethandoublethatamountofashanddebris.

CThevolcanoissoinconspicuous（不显眼的）thatfewpeopleknowitexists.

DThen,anenormousfountainwillshoothighintotheair.

EWhiletheactivegeologistprocessesatYellowstonedoposesomerisktothepublic,theyalsomakeitauniquetreasure.

FYellowstoneNationalParkattractstheinterestofgeologiststheworldover.

请大家把书翻到297页，第二篇，世界上最长的桥。

TheWorld’sLongestBridge

____

（2）____They’resuspensionbridges,massivestructuresbuilttospanvastwate