考研英语811doc.docx

考研英语811doc.docx

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考研英语811doc

考研英语-811

（总分：

100.00，做题时间：

90分钟）

一、SectionⅠUseofEng（总题数：

1，分数：

10.00）

Mostpeoplewouldbe

（1）bythehighqualityofmedicine

（2）tomostAmericans.Thereisalotofspecialization,agreatdealof（3）totheindividual,a（4）amountofadvancedtechnicalequipment,and（5）effortnottomakemistakesbecauseofthefinancialriskwhichdoctorsandhospitalsmust（6）inthecourtsifthey（7）thingsbadly.

ButtheAmericansareinamess.Theproblemisthewayin（8）healthcareisorganizedand（9）.（10）topubicbeliefitisnotjustafreecompetitionsystem.Theprivatesystemhasbeenjoinedalargepublicsystem,becauseprivatecarewassimplynot（11）thelessfortunateandtheelderly.

Butevenwiththishugepublicpartofthesystem,（12）thisyearwilleatup84.5billiondollars—morethan10percentoftheU.S.Budget—largenumberofAmericansareleft（13）.Theseincludeabouthalfthe11millionunemployedandthosewhofailtomeetthestrictlimits（14）incomefixedbyagovernmenttryingtomakesavingswhereitcan.

Thebasicproblem,however,isthatthereisnocentralcontrol（15）thehealthsystem.Thereisno（16）towhatdoctorsandhospitalschargefortheirservices,otherthanwhatthepublicisabletopay.Thenumberofdoctorshasshotupandpriceshaveclimbed.Whenfacedwithtoothache,asickchild,oraheartattack,alltheunfortunatepersonsconcernedcandois（17）up.Twothirdsofthepopulation（18）coveredbymedicalinsurance.Doctorschargeasmuchastheywant（19）thattheinsurancecompanywillpaythebill.

TherisingcostofmedicineintheU.S.A.isamongthemostworryingproblemsfacingthecountry.In1981thecountry'shealthbillclimbed15.9percent--abouttwiceasfastasprices（20）general.

（分数：

10.00）

 A.compressed

 B.impressed

 C.obsessed

 D.repressed

 A.available

 B.attainable

 C.achievable

 D.amenable

 A.extension

 B.retention

 C.attention

 D.exertion

 A.countless

 B.titanic

 C.broad

 D.vast

 A.intensive

 B.absorbed

 C.intense

 D.concentrated

 A.runinto

 B.encounter

 C.face

 D.defy

 A.treat

 B.deal

 C.maneuver

 D.handle

 A.which

 B.that

 C.what

 D.when

 A.tofinance

 B.financed

 C.thefinance

 D.tobefinanced

 A.Contrary

 B.Opposedto

 C.Averse

 D.Objected

 A.lookingfor

 B.lookinginto

 C.lookingafter

 D.lookingover

 A.which

 B.what

 C.that

 D.it

 A.over

 B.out

 C.off

 D.away

 A.for

 B.in

 C.with

 D.on

 A.over

 B.on

 C.under

 D.behind

 A.boundary

 B.restriction

 C.confinement

 D.limit

 A.topay

 B.paying

 C.pay

 D.tohavepaid

 A.isbeing

 B.are

 C.havebeen

 D.is

 A.knowing

 B.toknow

 C.theyknow

 D.known

 A.in

 B.with

 C.on

 D.for

二、SectionⅡReadingCo（总题数：

0，分数：

0.00）

三、PartA（总题数：

0，分数：

0.00）

四、Text1（总题数：

1，分数：

10.00）

ThehistoryofEnglishisconventionally,ifperhapstooneatly,dividedintothreeperiodsusuallycalledold（orAnglo-Saxon）English,MiddleEnglish,andModernEnglish.TheearliestperiodbeginswiththemigrationofcertainGermanictribesfromthecontinenttoBritaininthefifthcenturyA.D,thoughnorecordsoftheirlanguagesurvivefrombeforetheseventhcentury,anditcontinuesuntiltheendoftheseventhcenturyorabitlater.Bythattime,Latin,OldNorse（thelanguageoftheVikinginvaders）,andespeciallytheAnglo-NormanFrenchofthedominantclassaftertheNormanConquestin1066hadbeguntohaveasubstantialimpactonthevocabulary,andthewell-developedinflectionalsystemthattypifiesthegrammarofOldEnglishhadbeguntobreakdown.

TheperiodofMiddleEnglishextendsroughlyformthetwelfthcenturythroughthefifteenth.TheinfluenceofFrench（andLatin,oftenbywayofFrench）uponthevocabularycontinuedthroughouttheperiod,thelossofsomeinflectionsandthereductionofothersaccelerated,andmanychangestookplacewithinthegrammaticalsystemsofthelanguage.Atypicalprosepassage,speciallyonefromthelaterpartoftheperiod,willnothavesuchaforeignlooktousastheproseofOldEnglish,butitwillnotbemistakenforcontemporarywritingeither.

TheperiodofModernEnglishextendsfromthesixteenthcenturytoourownday.TheearlypartofthisperiodsawthecompletionofarevolutioninvoweldistributionthathadbeguninlateMiddleEnglishandthateffectivelybroughtthelanguagetosomethingresemblingitspresentpattern.OtherimportantearlydevelopmentsincludethestabilizingeffectonspellingoftheprintingpressandthebeginningofthedirectinfluenceofLatin,andtoalesserextent,Greekonthevocabulary.Later,asEnglishcameintocontactwithotherculturesaroundtheworldanddistinctivedialectsofEnglishdevelopedinthemanyareaswhichBritainhadcolonized,numerousotherlanguagesmadesmallbutinterestingcontributionstoourword-stock.

（分数：

10.00）

（1）.TheearliestwrittenrecordofEnglishavailabletousstarted______.（分数：

2.00）

 A.fromtheseventhcentury

 B.fromthefifthcentury

 C.fromthetwelfthcentury

 D.fromtheninthcentury

（2）.WhatisthemainfeatureofthegrammarofOldEnglish?

（分数：

2.00）

 A.TheinfluenceofLatin.

 B.Arevolutioninvoweldistribution.

 C.Awell-developedinflectionalsystem.

 D.Lossofsomeinflections.

（3）.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

（分数：

2.00）

 A.EvenaneducatedpersoncannotreadoldEnglishwithoutspecialtraining.

 B.ApersonwhoknowsFrenchwellcanunderstandoldEnglish.

 C.AneducatedpersoncanunderstandoldEnglishbutcannotpronounceit.

 D.ApersoncanpronounceoldEnglishwordsbutcan'tunderstandthem.

（4）.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentioned?

（分数：

2.00）

 A.French.

 B.Latin.

 C.Greek.

 D.German.

（5）.WhatisthemostremarkablecharacteristicofModernEnglish?

（分数：

2.00）

 A.Numerousadditionstoitsvocabulary.

 B.Completionofarevolutioninvoweldistribution.

 C.Gradualchangesinitsgrammaticalsystem.

 D.ThedirectinfluenceofLatin.

五、Text2（总题数：

1，分数：

10.00）

Whetherworkshouldbeplacedamongthecausesofhappinessoramongthecausesofunhappinessmayperhapsberegardedasadoubtfulquestion.Thereiscertainlymuchworkwhichisexceedinglywearyandanexcessofworkisalwaysverypainful.Ithink,however,that,providedworkisnotexcessiveinamount,eventhedullestworkistomostpeoplelesspainfulthanidleness.Thereareinworkallgrades,frommerereliefoftediumuptotheprofoundestdelights,accordingtothenatureoftheworkandtheabilitiesoftheworker.Mostoftheworkthatmostpeoplehavetodoisnotinitselfinteresting,butevensuchworkhascertaingreatadvantages.Tobeginwith,itfillsagoodmanyhoursofthedaywithouttheneedofdecidingwhatoneshalldo.Mostpeople,whentheyareleftfreetofilltheirowntimeaccordingtotheirownchoice,areatalosstothinkofanythingsufficientlypleasanttobeworthdoing.Andwhatevertheydecide,theyaretroubledbythefeelingthatsomethingelsewouldhavebeenpleasanter.Tobeabletofillleisureintelligentlyisthelastproductofcivilization,andatpresentveryfewpeoplehavereachedthislevel.Moreovertheexerciseofchoiceisinitselftiresome.Excepttopeoplewithunusualinitiativeitispositivelyagreeabletobetoldwhattodoateachhouroftheday,providedtheordersarenottoounpleasant.Mostoftheidlerichsufferunspeakableboredomasthepriceoftheirfreedomfromtoil.AttimestheymayfindreliefbyhuntingbiggameinAfrica,orbyflyingroundtheworld,butthenumberofsuchsensationsislimited,especiallyafteryouthispast,Accordinglythemoreintelligentrichmenworknearlyashardasiftheywerepoor,whilerichwomenforthemostpartkeepthemselvesbusywithinnumerabletriflesofthoseearth-shakingimportancetheyarefirmlypersuaded.

Workthereforeisdesirable,firstandforemost,asapreventiveofboredom,fortheboredomthatamanfeelswhenheisdoingnecessarythoughuninterestingworkisasnothingincomparisonwiththeboredomthathefeelswhenhehasnothingtodowithhisdays.Withthisadvantageofworkanotherisassociated,namelythatitmakesholidaysmuchmoredeliciouswhentheycome.Providedamandoesnothavetoworksohardastoimpairhisvigor,heislikelytofindfarmorezestinhisfreetimethananidlemancouldpossiblyfind.

Thesecondadvantageofmostpaidworkandofsomeunpaidworkisthatitgiveschancesofsuccessandopportunitiesforambition.Inmostworksuccessismeasuredbyincome,andwhileourcapitalisticsocietycontinues,thisisinevitable.Itisonlywherethebestworkisconcernedthatthismeasureceasestobethenaturalonetoapply.Thedesirethanmenfeeltoincreasetheirincomeisquiteasmuchadesireforsuccessasfortheextracomfortsthatahigherincomecanacquire.Howeverdullworkmaybe,itbecomesbearableifitisameansofbuildingupareputation,whetherintheworldatlargeoronlyinone'sowncircle.

（分数：

10.00）

（1）.Whatistheauthor'sopinionaboutwork?

（分数：

2.00）

 A.Workcankeeppeoplebusyasiftheywerepoor.

 B.Workisacauseofthegreatestdelightoflife.

 C.Workisverytiresome,especiallywhentooexcessive.

 D.Workcanatleastgiverelieffromboredom.

（2）.Intheauthor'sopinion,whatisthelastproductofcivilization?

（分数：

2.00）

 A.Tomakewiseuseofleisure.

 B.Tobefreefromhardwork.

 C.Tokeeponeselfbusywithtrifles.

 D.Toworktosomeextent.

（3）.Accordingtothepassage,tobetoldtodosomethingisgenerally______.（分数：

2.00）

 A.respectable

 B.acceptable

 C.insulting

 D.disgusting

（4）.Accordingtothepassage,successcanmostlybemeasuredintermsof______.（分数：

2.00）

 A.relationship

 B.enjoyment

 C.income

 D.promotion

（5）.Asputbytheauthor,mostoftheworkthatmostpeoplehavetodois______.（分数：