直接引语和间接引语用法讲解.docx
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直接引语和间接引语用法讲解
直接引语和间接引语用法讲解
一、概述
引用或转述别人说的话时有两种方法：
直接引述别人的原话，这叫做直接引语（directspeech）。
用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语（indirectspeech）。
Mr.Blacksaid,?
“I'mbusy.”
Mr.Blacksaid?
thathewasbusy.
2、直接引语
陈述句
直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常省去），that从句之前用say、tell等动词，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。
1、?
?
?
人称的变化
Hesaid,“I?
like?
it?
verymuch.”
→Hesaid?
that?
he?
liked?
it?
verymuch.（I改为he,it不变）
Hesaid,“You?
told?
me?
thisstory.”?
→Hesaidthat?
I?
hadtold?
him?
thatstory.（You改为I,me改为him,told改为hadtold）
Hesaidtome,“She’s?
left?
her?
bookin?
your?
room”.
→Hetoldmethat?
shehad?
left?
her?
bookin?
my?
room.（She’s→shehad，her不变，your→my）
直接引语改为间接引语人称要相应的变化，把直接引语中的第一人称（如：
I，me，my，mine，we，us，our，ours）变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。
把直接引语中的第二人称（you，your，yours）变为和主句的间接宾语（即听话人，如无听话人，可根据上下文的体会人为确定一个人称）相一致的人称。
直接引语中的第三人称（he，him，his，she，her，hers,it，its,they,their，theirs，them）变为间接引语时，人称不变。
2、?
?
?
时态的变化
（1）主句的谓语动词是一般时和过去时
直接引语
间接引语
一般现在时
一般过去时
现在进行时
过去进行时
现在完成时
过去完成时
一般过去时
过去完成时
过去完成时
过去完成时（不变）
一般将来时
过去将来时
一般将来进行时
过去将来进行时
一般将来完成时
过去将来完成时
Hesaid,“Iusually?
watch?
TVonSunday.”
→Hesaidthatheusually?
watched?
TVonSunday.
Hesaid,“I'musing?
theknife.”
→Hesaidthathe?
wasusing?
theknife.
Shesaid,“I?
havenotheard?
fromhimsinceMay.”
→Shesaidthatshe?
hadnot?
heardfromhimsinceMay.
Hesaid，“I?
came?
tohelpyou.”
→Hesaidthat?
hehadcome?
tohelpme.
Hesaid,“I?
hadfinished?
myhomeworkbeforesupper.”
→Hesaidthathe?
hadfinished?
hishomeworkbeforesupper.
ZhouLansaid,“I'lldo?
itafterclass.”
→ZhouLansaidthatshe?
woulddo?
itafterclass.
Hesaid,“I?
shallbedoing?
myhomeworkthen.”
→Hesaidthathe?
shouldbedoing?
hishomeworkthen.
Hesaid,“We?
shallhavefinished?
theworkbythattime.”
→Hesaidthatthey?
shouldhavefinished?
theworkbythattime.
注意：
直接引语如果是客观真理、名人名言、与一个具体的过去时间连用说明客观事实时，变为间接引语时，时态不变。
Theteachersaid,“Theearth?
is?
round.”
→Theteachersaidthattheearth?
is?
?
round.
Hesaid,“I?
was?
borninShangdongin1965.”
→Hesaidthathe?
was?
borninShangdongin1965.
（2）主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时
如果主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一律不变
Hesays,“I?
finished?
thework.
Hesaysthathe?
finished?
thework.
Hewillsay,“I?
havewatered?
theflowers.”
Hewillsayhe?
haswatered?
theflowers.
3、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的相应变化
?
见下表：
Hesaid,“ImetMr.Smith?
this?
morning.”
→HesaidthathehadmetMr.Smith?
that?
morning.
Hesaid,“Wewenttothecinema?
yesterday.”
→Hesaidtheyhadgonetothecinema?
thedaybefore.
Lilysaid,“Iwillcomeback?
nextmonth.”
→Lilysaidthatshewouldgoback?
thenextmonth.
Hesaid,“Itisnineo'clock?
now.”
→Hesaidthatitwasnineo'clock?
then.
Hesaid,“Ihaven'tseenher?
today.”
→Hesaidthathehadn'tseenherthatday?
.
Shesaid,“Iwentthere?
yesterday.”
→Shesaidthatshehadgonethere?
thedaybefore.
Shesaid,“I'llgothere?
tomorrow.”
→Shesaidthatshewouldgothere?
thenextday.
巧记:
去掉引号加that，人称变化要灵活，时态向后退一步，状语变化按规定。
三、直接引语是疑问句时
直接引语如为疑问句，改为间接引语时，须将疑问句的语序改为陈述句的语序。
其人称、时态等相应的变化同上。
巧记：
if（或whether）替引号，陈述语序要记牢。
时态、人称和状语要变化，千万别把它忘掉。
1、直接引语是一般问句
变为间接引语时，须用连接词whether或if将其引出，使其成为间接引语的宾语从句。
如果主句中的谓语动词为said，则将其改为asked。
如果谓语动词后没有间接宾语，可以加上一个间接宾语me,him,her,them,us等。
She?
said,“Is?
your?
fatheranengineer?
”
→She?
asked?
me?
whether?
my?
father?
was?
anengineer.
Theteacher?
said?
toLiMing,“Have?
you?
finishedyourhomework?
”
→Theteacher?
asked?
LiMing?
whether?
he?
had?
finishedhishomework.
2、直接引语是特殊问句
如果直接引语为特殊疑问句,改为间接引语时，仍用特殊疑问句中的疑问词what,where,when,who,howmany作为连接词将其引出，构成间接引语中的宾语从句，但须将疑问式的动词改为陈述式。
如果主句中的谓语动词为said，则将其改为asked。
“Whatdoyoudo?
everySundaymorning?
”myfriend?
saidtome.
→Myfriend?
asked?
me?
whatIdid?
everySundaymorning.
“Wherehaveyoubeen,LiMing?
”theteacher?
asked.
→Theteacher?
asked?
LiMing?
wherehehadbeen.
Iaskedher,“HowmanyEnglishbookswillyou?
readnextterm?
”→Iaskedher?
howmanyEnglishbooksshewouldread?
thenextterm.
“Whendidyou?
getupthismorning?
”askedmyfather.
→Myfatheraskedme?
whenIhad?
gotupthatmorning.
注意：
直接引语里是：
What'swrongwith……?
/What'sthematter?
/What'sthetrouble?
/Whathashappened?
/等特殊疑问句时,间接引语的语序不变。
Hesaidtoher“What’sthematterwithyou?
”他问她“你怎么了？
”
Heaskedher?
whatwasthematterwithher.他问她怎么了。
四、直接引语是祈使句
巧记：
去掉引号要加to；ask，order须记住，直引若是否定式，not加在to前部。
He?
said,“Sitdown,please.”
→He?
askedmetositdown.
Theteacher?
said,?
“Don’ttalk?
inclass!
”
→Theteacher?
toldusnottotalk?
inclass!
Thecaptain?
saidtohismen,“Fire!
”
→Thecaptain?
orderedhismentofire.
五、点击考点
I.改错：
1.HesaidthatheisgoingtoLondon.
2.Tomsaidtheyhadfinishedthejobyesterday.
3.Sheaskedmedon’tsmokeintheroom.
4.Theyaskedthathewasthere.
5.Iaskedyouwherewashegoing.
6.Theteachertoldusnottalkanymore.
7.Thedoctorsaidtohiswife,?
Notwaitforme.
8.HeaskedmewhoIam.
9.Marysaidthatshewouldseeyoutomorrow.
10.Motheraskedwhatthematterwas.
II.将下列句子改为间接引语
1.“Wherewillyougotomorrow?
”,Motheraskedme.
2.Theoldwomansaidtome,“Pleaselockthedoorforme.”
3.Theboytoldhisteacher,“Wewenttoanexhibitionyesterday.”
4.Hesaid,“I'llgotothestationtoseeoffafriendofminethisafternoon.”
5.“Hello,howareyou?
”,hesaidtome.
6.Tomsaidtomeangrily,“Whydon’tyoutellmeyouhavebeenherefortwoweeks?
”
7.JohnsaidtoMary,“DoyourememberIborrowedadiamondnecklacefromyou?
”
8.TheteachersaidtoLiMing,“Don’tmakethesamemistakeagain.”
9.“Areyouleavingtodayortomorrow?
”,Iaskedher.
10.Thenursesaidtothechildren,“Thesunrisesintheeast.”
参考答案:
I.1.is→was2.yesterday→thedaybefore?
3.don’t→notto?
?
?
4.that→if
?
?
5.washe→hewas?
6.not后面加to7.Not→Don't?
8.am→was
?
?
9.tomorrow→thenextday?
10.wasthematter
II.1.MotheraskedmewhereIwouldgothenextday.
2.Theoldwomanaskedmetolockthedoorforher.
3.Theboytoldhisteacherthattheyhadgonetoanexhibitionthedaybefore.
4.Hesaidthathewouldgotothestationtoseeoffafriendofhisthatafternoon.
5.HeaskedmehowIwas.
6.TomaskedmeangrilywhyIdidn'ttellhimIhadbeentherefortwoweeks.
7.JohnaskedMaryifsherememberedhehadborrowedadiamondnecklacefromher.
8.TheteachertoldLiMingnottomakethesamemistakeagain.
9.Iaskedherwhethershewasleavingthatdayorthenextday.
10.Thenursetoldthechildrenthatthesunrisesintheeast.
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