东北林业大学语言学概论试题.docx

东北林业大学语言学概论试题.docx

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东北林业大学语言学概论试题

考试科目：

英语语言学概论考试时间:

120分钟试卷总分:

100分

PartITrueorFalse（10points）

Directions:

DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse.

1.Modernlinguisticsismostlyprescriptive,butsometimesdescriptive.

2.Pragmaticsisdifferentfromsemanticsinthatpragmaticsstudiesmeaningnotinisolation,butincontext.

3.Vowelsoundscanbedifferentiatedbyanumberoffactors:

thepositionoftongueinthemouth,theopennessofthemouth,theshapeofthelips,andthelengthofthevowels.

4.Phonetically,thestressofacompoundalwaysfallsonthefirstelement,whilethesecondelementreceivessecondarystress.

5.Themeaning-distinctivefunctionofthetoneisespeciallyimportantinEnglishbecauseEnglish,unlikeChinese,isatypicaltonelanguage.

6.Inacomplexsentence,thetwoclausesholdunequalstatus,onesubordinatingtheother.

7.Thesyntacticrulesofanylanguagearefiniteinnumber,butthereisnolimittothenumberofsentencesnativespeakersofthatlanguageareabletoproduceandcomprehend.

8.“Itishot.”isano-placepredicationbecauseitcontainsnoargument.

9.Inthesentence“Moneyisoftensaidtobetherootofallevil”,“root”isusedinitsconceptualmeaning.

10.Itwouldbeimpossibletogiveanadequatedescriptionofmeaningifthecontextoflanguageusewasleftunconsidered.

Part

MultipleChoices（40points）

Directions:

Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement.

1.Ifalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobe______________.

A.prescriptive             B.analyticC.descriptive                 D.linguistic

2.AccordingtoF.deSaussure,____referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.

  A.parole                   B.performanceC.langue                      D.Language

3.Ahistoricalstudyoflanguageisa____studyoflanguage.

A.synchronic            B.diachronicC.prescriptive                 D.comparative

4.A____vowelisonethatisproducedwiththefrontpartofthetonguemaintainingthehighestposition. 

    A.back                        B.central C.front                        D.middle 

5.Theinformativefunctionispredominantlythemajor-roleoflanguage,itisalsocalled__________functionintheframeworkoffunctionalgrammar.

A.ideationalB.descriptiveC.prescriptiveD.textual

6.Thesound[f]is_________________.

  A.voicedpalatalaffricate            B.voicedalveolarstop

  C.voicelessvelarfricative           D.voicelesslabiodentalfricative

7.Theopensyllablereferstothesyllablethathasno__________.

A.codaB.onset

C.nucleusD.rhyme

8.Saussuretooka（n）__________viewoflanguage,whileChomskylooksatlanguagefroma________pointofview.

 A.sociological…psychological   B.psychological…sociological

 C.applied…pragmatic          D.semanticandlinguistic

9._________referstoanymorphemeorcombinationofmorphemestowhichaninflectionalaffixcanbeadded.Itcanbeequivalenttoaroot,orarootandaderivationalaffix.

A.AffixB.RootC.StemD.Suffix

10.Themorpheme“vision”inthecommonword“television”isa（n）______.

   A.boundmorpheme      B.boundform   

C.inflectionalmorpheme  D.freemorpheme

11.Thephrase“ontheshelf”belongsto__________construction.

A.endocentricB.exocentric

C.subordinateD.coordinate

12.“Johnmarriedablondheiress.”__________“Johnmarriedablond.”

A.issynonymouswithB.isinconsistentwith

C.entailsD.presupposes

13.___________referstothephenomenonthatwordshavingdifferentmeaningshavethesameform.

A.Polysemy                  B.SynonymyC.Homonymy                   D.Hyponymy 

14._________dealswiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandthenon-linguisticworldofexperience.

 A.Reference                   B.Concept C.Semantics                   D.Sense 

15.Bycomponentialanalysis,BECOME（x,（~ALIVE（x）））isanexplanationof________.

A.dieB.deadC.killD.murder

16.Endocentricconstructionisonewhosedistributionisfunctionallyequivalenttothatofone

ormoreofits__________.

A.centerB.constituentsC.partD.element

17.InAustin’sspeechacttheory,___________istheactofexpressingthespeaker’sintention;itistheactperformedinsayingsomething.

A.aperlocutionaryactB.alocutionaryact

C.aconstativeactD.anillocutionaryact

18.________refertotherelationshipthatlinguisticunitshavewithotherunitsbecausetheymayoccurtogetherinasentence.

A.SyntagmaticrelationB.Hypotacticrelations

C.ParadigmaticrelationD.Paratacticralations

19.Asentencewhichisusedtodescribesomethingandcanbesaidtobetrueorfalseisa________.

 A.constative              B.directiveC.utterance              D.expressive

20.Thesemanticrelationshipbetweenflowerandroseis_______.

  A.hyponyms            B.hyponymyC.co-hyponyms         D.superordinate

PartIIIDefinitions（20points）

Directions:

Definethefollowingterms.

1.arbitrariness

2.consonant

3.grammaticalsubject&logicalsubject

4.cooperativeprinciple

PartⅣAnsweringQuestions（30points）

Directions:

Answerthefollowingquestionsascomprehensivelyaspossible.Giveexamplesforyourillustrationifnecessary.

1.ThefollowingsentenceistakenfromBarackObama'sVictorySpeech.TheunderlinedwordsarestressedbyObama.Statethegeneralrulesofsentencestressanddiscusswhethertheunderlinedwordsconformtotheserules（e.g,whichonesaregenerallystressed;whichonesarenormallynotstressedbutgetstressedhere;andwhichonesthatarenormallystressedbutarenotstressedhere）.

IfthereisanyoneouttherewhostilldoubtsthatAmericaisaplacewhereallthingsarepossible,whostillwondersifthedreamofourfoundersisaliveinourtime,whostillquestionsthepowerofourdemocracy,tonightisyouranswer.

2.Differentiatephone,phonemeandallophonebycitingexamples.

3.DoyouthinktherearetruesynonymsinEnglish?

Why?

答题纸

考试科目：

英语语言学概论考试时间:

120分钟试卷总分:

100分

项目

一

二

三

四

五

六

七

八

内容

判断（10%）

选择（40%）

概念（20%）

问答（30%）

卷面（100%）

折合（70%）

平时（30%）

总分

得分

评卷教师

得分

Part

TrueorFalse（10points）

1.______2.______3.______4.______5.______

6.______7.______8.______9.______10.______

得分

PartIIMultipleChoices（40points）

1

A

B

C

D

2

A

B

C

D

3

A

B

C

D

4

A

B

C

D

5

A

B

C

D

6

A

B

C

D

7

A

B

C

D

8

A

B

C

D

9

A

B

C

D

10

A

B

C

D

11

A

B

C

D

12

A

B

C

D

13

A

B

C

D

14

A

B

C

D

15

A

B

C

D

16

A

B

C

D

17

A

B

C

D

18

A

B

C

D

19

A

B

C

D

20

A

B

C

D

得分

PartIIIDefinitions（20points）

1.___________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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2.___________________________________________________________________________

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3._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

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4.__________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

得分

PartIVAnsweringQuestions（30points）

1.__________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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