新概念英语第一册语法总结.docx
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新概念英语第一册语法总结
新概念英语第一册语法总结
1、一般现在时表示一般性,经常性的动作或一般性事实。
u含有be动词的句子Heisateacher、Thegirlisverybeautiful、TimandJackarestudents、★变疑问句将be动词移到句首Isheateacher?
Isthegirlverybeautiful?
AreTimandJackstudents?
★变否定句在be动词后面加notHeisnotateacher、Thegirlisnotverybeautiful、TimandJackarenotstudents、★肯定回答及否定回答Yes,heis、No,heisnot、Yes,sheis、No,sheisnot、Yes,theyare、No,theyarenot、u不含有动词的句子,即含有一般动词的句子第三人称单数及单数名词Helikesbooks、Shelikeshim、Thedoglikesbones、★变疑问句在句首加does,动词变为原型Doeshelikebooks?
Doesshelikehim?
Doesthedoglikebones?
★变否定句在主语及动词之间加doesn’t,动词变为原型Hedoesn’tlikebooks、Shedoesn’tlikehim、Thedogdoesn’tlikebones、★肯定回答及否定回答:
Yes,hedoes、No,hedoesn’t、Yes,shedoes、No,shedoesn’tYes,itdoes、No,itdoesn’t、注意:
第三人称单数形式一般在动词后面加S,不要和名词复数混淆,变否定句或疑问句时名词复数没有任何变化。
其他人称及复数名词Iwanttohaveabath、Wehavesomemeat、Thestudentslikesmartteachers、★变疑问句在句首加doDoyouwanttohaveabath?
Dowehaveanymeat?
Dothestudentslikesmartteachers?
★变否定句在主语和动词之间加don’t、Youdon’twanttohaveabath、Wedon’thaveanymeat、Thestudentsdon’tlikesmartteachers、★肯定回答及否定回答Yes,Ido、No,Idon’t、Yes,wedo、No,wedon’tYes,theydo、No,theydon’t、
2、现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作。
构成:
主语+be动词+动词的现在分词+其它成分(现在分词的构成见附录)Wearehavinglunch、Heisreadingabook、Thedogisrunningafteracat、Theboysareswimmingacrosstheriver、★变疑问句将be动词移到句首Arewehavinglunch?
Ishereadingabook?
Isthedogrunningafteracat?
Aretheboysswimmingacrosstheriver?
★变否定句在be动词后面加notWearenothavinglunch、Heisnotreadingabook、Thedogisnotrunningafteracat、Theboysareswimmingacrosstheriver、★特殊疑问句:
what,which,how,where,who,etc、疑问词+动词+主语+现在分词Whatareyoudoing?
Whatisshedoing?
Whatisthedogdoing?
(必背)没有进行时的动词表示状态,思想,感情和感觉的动词不能表示正在进行的动作
1、表示感觉,感官的词see,hear,like,love,want,
2、have,has当”拥有”讲时没有进行时
3、一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或事件,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday,lastnight,thedaybeforeyesterday,3daysago,含有be动词的句子,将动词变为过去式,am,is的过去式为was,are的过去式为wereIwasatthebutcher’s、Youwereastudentayearago、Theteacherwasverybeautifultenyearsago、★变疑问句将be动词移动到句首Wereyouatthebutcher’s?
Wereyouastudentayearago?
Wastheteacherverybeautifultenyearsago?
★变否定句在be动词后面加notIwasnotatthebutcher’s、Youwerenotastudentayearago、Theteacherwasnotverybeautifultenyearsago、★肯定回答否定回答Yes,Iwas、No,Iwasnot、Yes,youwere、No,youwerenot、Yes,he/shewas、No,he/shewasnot、★特殊疑问句:
Whatdidyoudo?
(必背)
不含有be动词的句子,将动词变为过去式,动词过去式构成见附录Ifinishedmyhomeworkyesterday、Theboywenttoarestaurant、TheSawyerslivedatKingStreetayearago、KingStreetayearago、★变疑问句在句首加did,动词变为原型Didyoufinishyourhomeworkyesterday?
Didtheboygotoarestaurant?
DidtheSawyersliveatKingStreetayearago?
KingStreetayearago?
★变否定句在主语和动词之间加didnotIdidnotfinishmyhomeworkyesterday、Theboydidnotgotoarestaurant、TheSawyersdidnotliveatKingStreetayearago、KingStreetayearago、★肯定回答及否定回答Yes,Idid、No,Ididn’t、Yes,hedid、No,hedidn’t、Yes,theydid、No,theydidnot、4、现在完成构成:
主语+助动词have,has+过去分词用法:
1)表示过去发生的和现在有某种联系的动作,常和just,usually,already,since等时间副词连用Ihavejusthadlunch、(饱了,不用再吃了)Hehashadacupoftea、(不渴了,不用再喝)Theyhavealreadyhadtheirholiday、(不能再度假了)Theboyhasalreadyreadthebook、(已经知道书的内容了,不用再看了)2)询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时:
Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?
HaveyoubeentoBeijing?
Haveheseenthefilm?
3)表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作IhavelivedinBeijingfortwentyyears、Ihaveworkedforthisschoolfor1year、4)表示一种经历,经验:
去过…地方,做过…事情,经历过…事情Ihaveneverhadabath、Ihaveneverseenafilm、Ihaveneverbeentocinema、IhaveeverbeentoParis、Havebeento表示去过,havegoneto表示去了IhavebeentoLondon、(人已经回来)HehasgonetoLondon、(人还在那里)5)表示一种结果,一般不和时间副词联用Ihavelostmypen、Ihavehurtmyself、Hehasbecomeateacher、Shehasbrokenmyheart、句型变化:
★变疑问句将助动词移到句首,变否定句在助动词后面加not、e、g、Haveyoulostyourpen?
Ihavenotlostmypen、★肯定回答及否定回答Yes,Ihave、No,Ihavenot、★特殊疑问句:
Whathaveyoudone?
Whathashedone?
一般过去时与现在完成时的区别:
凡是有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时注意:
有些动词表示的动作有一个终点,不能再延续,因此不能和表示一段时间状语连用错:
I’veleftBeijingfor3days、对:
IleftBeijing3daysago、Ihavebeenawayfrombeingfor3days、5、一般将来时表示将来将要发生的动作,经常和tomorrow,nextyear,thedayaftertomorrow,theyearafterthenext,infivehours’time,etc、表示将来的词联用结构:
主语+助动词will+动词原形IwillgotoAmericatomorrow、ThepilotwillflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext、Jackwillmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning、★变疑问句将助动词移到句首WillyougotoAmericatomorrow?
WillthepilotflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext?
WillJackmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning?
★变否定句在助动词后面加notIwillnotgotoAmericatomorrow、ThepilotwillnotflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext、Jackwillnotmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning★肯定回答及否定回答Yes,Iwill、No,Iwillnot、Yes,he/shewill、No,he/shewillnot、Yes,hewill、No,hewillnot、★特殊疑问句:
Whatwillyoudo?
6、过去完成时:
用法:
在过去的时间里,两个动作中,发生在前的哪个动作要用过去完成时。
结构:
had+过去分词Aftershehadfinishedherhomework,shewentshopping、TheyhadsoldthecarbeforeIaskedtheprice、ThetrainhadleftbeforeIarrivedatthestation、After/before引导的时间状语从句放在句首要在句子后面加逗号,如果放在主句后则不用加。
★变疑问句将助动词移到句首Hadshefinishedherhomework?
★变否定句在助动词后面加notShehadn’tfinishedherhomework、★肯定回答及否定回答Yes,shehad、No,shehadn’t、★特殊疑问句:
Whathadshedone?
7、过去进行时表示过去正在进行的动作,经常用在when,while,as引导的状语从句中。
结构:
was/were+doingWhenmyhusbandwasgoingintothediningroomthismorning,hedroppedsomecoinsonthefloor、Whilewewerehavingdinner,myfatherwaswatchingTV、8、过去将来时结构:
woulddoShesaidshewouldgoherethenextmorning、一、特殊句型:
therebe句型,begoingto结构
1、Begoingto结构表示打算,准备,计划做某事★结构:
主语+be动词+goingto+动词原型Iamgoingtomakeabookcase、Theyaregoingtopaintit、Thefatherisgoingtogivethebookcasetohisdaughter、★变疑问句将be动词移到句首Areyougoingtomakeabookcase?
Aretheygoingtopaintit?
Isthefathergoingtogivethebookcasetohisdaughter?
★变否定句在be动词后面加notIamnotgoingtomakeabookcase、Theyaregoingtopaintit、Thefatherisnotgoingtogivethebookcasetohisdaughter、★肯定回答及否定回答Yes,Iam、No,Iamnot、Yes,theyare、No,theyarenot、Yes,heis、No,heisnot、★特殊疑问句Whatareyougoingtodo?
Whataretheygoingtodo?
Whatisthefathergoingtodo?
(必背)
2、Therebe句型表示哪里有什么东西(某处有某物)uThereis+单数名词+表示场所的词(一般为介词词组)Thereisabookinthisroom、ThereisapenonthetableuThereare+复数名词+表示场所的词(一般为介词词组)Therearetwopensonthetable、Therearethreeschoolsthere、★变疑问句将be动词移到句首Isthereabookinthisroom?
Aretheretwopensonthetable?
★变否定句在动词后面加notThereisnotabookinthisroom、Therearenottwopensonthetable、★肯定回答及否定回答Yes,thereis、No,thereisnot、Yes,thereare、No,therearenot、一、问句:
一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,选择疑问句,反意疑问句,选择疑问句,否定疑问句²一般疑问句:
助动词/be动词+主语Areyouateacher?
Doyouwanttohaveacupoftea?
²特殊疑问句:
特殊疑问词+一般疑问句Whatisyourname?
²选择疑问句:
orDoyouwantbeeforlamb?
²反意疑问句:
肯定陈述句+否定疑问部分,否定陈述部分+肯定疑问部分Youdon’tneedthatpen,doyou?
²否定疑问句:
一般疑问句+否定词Aren’tyoulucky?
Don’tyouwanthavearest?
二、冠词用法:
a/an/the的一般用法详细见笔记三、限定词:
some,any,many,much²some,any修饰可数名词或不可数名词,some用于肯定句,any用于否定句和疑问句,注意,当期待对方的答案为肯定回答时用some²many修饰可数名词,much修饰不可数名词,在口语中表示很多一般不用many,much,而用alotof,在否定句中表示很多用many,much、Ihavealotofmoney、Idon’thavemuchmoney、四、名词:
种类,复数,名词所有格
1、名词分为可数名词和不可数名词²不可数名词无法分开的东西:
water,tea,bread,milk,rice(米)抽象的东西:
love,beauty,coldness(寒冷)不可数名词有以下特点:
l不能用a,an修饰l不能加sl和单数be动词或动词搭配²可数名词:
单数可数名词要用冠词修饰,复数可数名词要在名词后面加s,名词复数共有以下几种变化:
规则变化的名词复数形式规则1一般情况+se、g、shell→shellsbook→books规则2以s,x,ch,sh结尾+ese、g、fox→foxeschurch→churches,bus→buses,watch→watches规则3以o结尾+s或+ese、g、potato→potatoes,Negro→Negroes,hero→heroes,tomato→tomatoes,(口诀:
黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿),剩下一般加s,radio→radios规则4以f,fe结尾的,变f,fe为vese、g、life→liveshalf→halves,shelf→shelves,city→cities,wife→wives规则5以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i+ese、g、sky→skiesfly→flies不规则变化的名词复数形式单数manwomanfootgoosetooth复数menwomenfeetgeeseteeth单数childsheepdeermousefish复数childrensheepdeermicefish五、介词(注意总结书上词组)
六、副词:
用法及形容词变副词的变化u副词可以修饰形容词,动词,副词或整个句子。
如:
Thebookisverygood、Herunsfast、Shecameherequiteearly、CertainlyIwillgowithyou、u变化:
1、直接在形容词后加-ly,careful-carefully,slow-slowly,
2、以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词,把y变I,加-ly,happy-happily,lucky-luckily
3、有些词形容词和副词的形式相同,不需要做任何变化fast,hard,late
4、有些词加上-ly后意思与原词相差很远:
neary-nearly,high-highly,late-lately,一、情态动词的使用:
can,must,may,might,need,
1、情态动词can(能够),must(必须),may(可以)结构:
主语+can/must/may+动词原型Hecanmakethetea、Sallycanairtheroom、WecanspeakEnglish、★变疑问句将情态动词移到句首Canhemakethetea?
CanSallyairtheroom?
CanwespeakEnglish?
★变否定句在情态动词后面加notHecannotmakethetea、Sallycannotairtheroom、WecannotspeakEnglish、★肯定回答及否定回答Yes,hecan、No,hecannot、Yes,shecan、No,shecannot、Yes,wecan、No,wecannot、★特殊疑问句:
Whatcanyoudo?
(必背)注意:
情态动词的句子没有第三人称单数的变化,不要在情态动词或动词后面加S。
2、Must/haveto的区别must表示必须,是主观上觉得应该做,haveto是不得不,是由于客观条件逼迫的必要要做must只能用在表示现在和将来的句子里,而havetodo可以用在任何时态
3、must,may,might表示猜测:
umustdo表示对现在事实的猜测umusthavedone表示对过去事实的猜测umusthavebeendoing表示对过去正在进行的事实的猜测umay/mightdo,may/mighthavedone表示没有任何事实依据的猜测,might的可能性更小。
ucan’t/couldn’t表示不可能
4、need用法:
u表示“需要”时为实意动词,后面可以加名词,也可以加不定式:
Ineedapen、Doyouneedanybeer?
No,Idon’t、Ineedtohavearest、uNeeddoing=needtobedone,表示被动Theflowersneedwatering、uNeed在否定时做情态动词使用Youneedn’tgosoearly、=Youdon’tneedtogosoearly、MustIcleanthedeskrightnow?
No,youneedn’t、一、不定代词及不定副词:
SomeanynoeverythingsomethinganythingnothingeverythingonesomeoneanyoneanythingeveryonewheresomewhereanywhereanywhereeverywherebodysomebodyanybodynobodyeverybodyIlookedformybookeverywhere,butIcan’tfinditanywhere、Ifyouwantgosomewhere,ifyouwanttobesomeone,youmustwakeup、Help!
Somebody?
Anybody?
Youarereallysomething、Sinceeverybodyishere,let’sbeginourclass、Wheredidyougo?
Iwentnowhere、Nobodyisathome、Ihavenothingleft、二、感叹句:
uWhat+名词+主语+谓语Whatabeautifulgirlsheis!
uHow+形容词+主语+谓语Howbeautifulthegi