中考初中英语 被动语态 专题复习学案.docx
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中考初中英语被动语态专题复习学案
中考初中英语被动语态专题复习学案
1.定义:
语态是动词的一种形式，用来说明句中
主语和谓语动词的关系。
如果主语是动词的执行者，则使用__主动___语态，如果主语是动作的承受者，则使用__被动___语态.
2.英语中有两种语态：
主动语态与被动语态
3.主动语态变被动语态：
主动：
Theboybrokethewindowyesterday.
动作执行者动词主动形式动作承受者
被动：
Thewindowwasbrokenbytheboy.
动作承受者动词被动形式动作执行者
练习:
划出动作的执行者与承受者.
主动：
Bellinventedthetelephonein1876.
被动：
ThephonewasinventedbyBellin1876.
4.结构：
be（am/is/are/was/were）+V及过分
eg:
1.Englishisspokenbymanypeople.
2.Abookiswrittenbyhim.
注：
不及物动词和系动词没有被动语态.
5.各种时态被动语态结构：
（1）一般现在时被动语态:
am/is/are+V及过分
eg:
Theclassroomiscleanedeveryday.
（2）一般过去时被动语态:
was/were+V及过分
eg:
Thebikewasboughtyesterday.
（3）含有情态动词的被动语态:
情态动词（can/may/must/should/need）+be+V及过分
eg:
1.Itcanbedoneinonehour.
2.Treesmustbeplantedeveryyear.
（4）一般将来时被动:
will/shallbe+V及过分
eg:
Themeetingwillbeheldtomorrow.
（5）现在进行时被动:
am/is/are+being+V及过分eg:
AnEnglishtalkisbeinggivenbyMr
Wang.
（6）现在完成时被动:
have/has+been+V及过分eg:
Manybuildingshavebeenbuiltinour
city.
（7）过去完成时被动:
hadbeen+V及过分
eg:
Lotsoftreeshadbeenplantedinthepastfewyears.
6.被动语态的基本用法：
1.强调或突出动作的执行者时用by+执行者.
eg:
Chineseisspokenbythelargestnumberofpeopleintheworld.
2.没必要或无法说出动作的执行者.
eg:
1.CarsaremadeinShanghai.
2.Sweatersareusedforkeepingwarm
注：
1.汉语中的“被，受，由”等词在翻译英语时常用被动语态
2.含有hear/make/see的句子变为被动时，需要加to.
eg:
1.Ioftenhearhersinginthenextroom.
She_______often_____________sing
inthenextroom.
2.Thebossmadehisbrotherwork18
hoursaday.
Hisbrother_________________work18hoursaday.
3.用于词组的被动语态,常用于表示＂据说＂或＂相信＂，
eg：
Itissaidthat...（据说...）
Itisreportedthat…（据报道...）
Itiswell-knownthat…（众所周知）
4.有些动词用主动表被动：
write/sell/clean/wash/want（need）+doing/
want（need）+tobedone/beworthdoing
eg:
（1）这种食物尝起来好卖的也好.
Thisfoodtastes_____and_____well.
（2）这支笔写的很糟/流畅.
Thispen________badly/smoothly.
即学即练：
1.用括号中动词被动结构的适当形式填空.
1.English________widely___________（use）
intheworld.
2.She______（fall）illlastnight,andshe
___________（take）tothehospitalatonce.
3.TheGreatWall____________________（know）
allovertheworld.
4.Threechildren_______________（take）good
careofbythenurse.
5.Somenewhouses_________________（build）
bythevillagersthemselves.
6.Whatlanguage__________________（speak）
inJapan?
7.Theblackbike_____________________（buy）
inthatshopthreedaysago.
8.Thebigtree_____________________（blow）
downinthestormlastnight.
9.Computerscience_____________（teach）now
almostinalluniversities.
10.Thefirstrailwayintheworld__________
（design）inthelastcentury.
11.Thewindow_________________（notbreak）
bytheboyjustnow.
12.Visitors_____________________（ask）not
totouchtheexhibits（展览品）.
13.Abeautifulhorse___________________
（draw）byJohnyesterday.
14.Thepictures________________（take）by
Jacktomorrow.
15.Schoolfootballgame__________________（hold）lastFridayevening.
16.Anumberofthetrees________________
（plant）aroundDalianeveryyear.
17.Thisbook________________（write）forChinesechildrenatthattime.
18.He______________（invite）tothepartybyhisfriendslastMonday.
19.Thesportsmeeting__________________（hold）nextFriday.
二.单项选择.
1._____anewlibrary_____inourschoollastyear?
A.Is;builtB.Was;builtC.Does;buildD.Were,built
2.Anaccident____onthisroadlastweek.
A.washappenedB.ishappenedC.happenedD.washappening
3.Cotton______inthesoutheastofChina.
A.isgrownB.aregrownC.growsD.grow
4.AtalkonChinesehistory_____intheschoolhallnextweek.
A.isgivenB.hasbeengiven
C.willbegivenD.willgiven
5.Yourshoes____.Youneedanewpair.
A.wearoutB.wornout
C.arewornoutD.wearsout
6.Itisreportedthatmoreteaching
buildings_____________inourschoolnextterm.
A.willbebuiltB.willbuildC.wasbuiltD.built
7.Mary_______showmehernewdictionaryjustnow.
A.hasaskedtoB.wasaskedtoC.isaskedD.asked
8.Themonkeywasseen_____offthetree.
A.jumpB.jumped
C.tojumpD.jumping
9.He_____________somepiecesofadvice,buthe__________tothem.
A.gave,didn’tlisten
B.wasgiven,wasn’tlistened
C.wasgiven,didn’tlisten
D.gives,doesn’tlisten
10.Astrangething______inourschool
yesterday.
A.washappened
B.hasbeenhappened
C.happened
D.happens
11.Jimwasn’tatschoolbecausehe_________tostayathome.
A.istoldB.told
C.wastoldD.willbetold
12.Theteachertoldhisstudentsthatthey_____tobeusefulmentothecountry.
A.wereallexpected
B.wereallexpecting
C.allwereexpected
D.expected
13.___________thatSusancan’tgotothe
partybecauseshe_______________.
A.It’ssaid,didn’tinvite
B.It’ssaid,wasn’tinvited
C.Iwastold,wasn’tinvited
D.It’ssaid,doesn’tinvite
一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷
1．阅读理解
To:
Carla@yahoo.com
From:
Eric@163.com
Subject:
Help!
Date:
15/04/20199:
05AM
DearAuntCarla,
I'mhavingaproblemwithmyclassmate,Joan,atschool.TheotherdayIwroteanemailtoanotherclassmate,Beth,inwhichIsaidsomethingaboutJoanthatperhapswasn'tverynice.Unluckily,whenBethwaswritingbacktome,shesentittoJoan@163.com,whichisJoan'semailaddress!
NowJoanisreallyangrywithmeandwon'ttalktome,andBethisunhappyaswell.Shehassaidsorrytomeahundredtimesalready,buttheharmisdone.Ifeelbad,becauseIwouldneverhavesaidthosethingstoJoan'sface,buthowdoIgethertoforgive（谅解）me?
WhatshouldIdo?
To:
Eric@163.com
From:
Carla@yahoo.com
Subject:
Someadvice
Date:
16/04/20198:
30AM
DearEric,
Thisproblemismorecommonthanyoumightthink!
Emailisveryuseful,butalsoverydangerous,asyoudon'tknowwhereyourmessagemightendup!
Firstofall,youshouldsaysorryrightawaytoJoan.Explainthatitwasamistake,andthatyoudidn'tmeantohurtherfeelings.Itmaytaketimeforhertobeabletoforgiveyou,butthat'suptoher.Thenyoumightwanttodosomethingniceforher.Perhapssendhersomeflowerstoshowthatyou'retrulysorry.Also,youshouldrememberthatoldsaying:
"Ifyoudon'thaveanythingnicetosay,don'tsayanythingatall."Andgoodluck!
Carla
（1）Ifyouhaveanyproblem,you'dbettersendanemailto.
A. Eric@163.Com
B. Joan@163.com
C. Beth@yahoo.com
D. Carla@yahoo.com
（2）HowsoondidEricgetthereplyfromAuntCarla?
A. Inoneday.
B. Intwodays.
C. Inaweek.
D. Inamonth.
（3）WhydidEricwritetheemailtoCarla?
A. Tosaysorry.
B. Toaskforadvice.
C. Togiveadvice.
D. Tosaysomethingunfriendly.
（4）CarlagavepiecesofadvicetoEric.
A. five B. Four C. three D. two
【答案】
（1）D
（2）A
（3）B
（4）C
【解析】【分析】主要讲了Eric和同学Joan相处不好，写电子邮件给Beth时，Beth回信时结果给Joan回信了，Joan知道后非常生气，Beth也不高兴，Eric写电子邮件向Carla寻求帮助。
（1）细节题。
根据Subject:
SomeadviceFrom:
Carla@yahoo.com可知有问题可以向Carla寻求帮助，故选D。
（2）细节题。
根据第一个表格Date:
15/04/20199:
05AM和第二个表格Date:
16/04/20198:
30AM可知2019奶奶4月15日9:
05分Eric写的电子邮件，2019年4月16日8:
30Carla回信，所以是一天内回复，故选A。
（3）细节题。
根据buthowdoIgethertoforgive（谅解）me?
WhatshouldIdo?
我应该怎样做，可知Eric寻求帮助建议，故选B。
（4）细节题。
根据Firstofall,youshouldsaysorryrightawaytoJoan.Explainthatitwasamistake,andthatyoudidn'tmeantohurtherfeelings.Itmaytaketimeforhertobeabletoforgiveyou,butthat'suptoher.Thenyoumightwanttodosomethingniceforher.Perhapssendhersomeflowerstoshowthatyou'retrulysorry.首先，你应该马上向琼道歉。
说明这是个错误，你不是有意伤害她的感情。
她也许需要时间才能原谅你，但这取决于她。
那你可能想为她做点好事。
也许送她一些花来表示你真的很抱歉。
可知是三条建议，故选C。
【点评】考查阅读理解，主要考查细节题，注意从文中仔细寻找答案。
2．阅读理解
Maybewethreewerethemostunluckygraduatesinourschoolhistory.I'llneverforgetthedaywhenwehadourgraduationceremony（毕业典礼）.
Iwasknownforbeingcareless.Ioftenfelldownfornoreason.SinceIfelloffthestage（舞台）duringmyPrimaryGraduationCeremony,myfamilybet（打赌）thatIwouldfalldownagainduringmynextgraduationceremony.Thedaycamesoquickly.Thistime,Iproudlymadeitthroughthewholeceremonywithoutfalling.butIknockedoverthewholebackdrop（背景板）usedtotakepicturesforgraduates!
Ifeltsoembarrassed（尴尬的）thewholemorning.
MyfriendJuliawasevenmoreembarrassed.Whenshetogetherwithallthegraduateswassittingquietlyinthehallateightinthemorning,shedidn'texpectherfathertocometoattendherceremonybecausehewasreallybusythen.Thehallwasveryquietandyoucouldevenhearapin（针）dropontheground.Whenallofasudden,outofthesilence,sheheard"Hey,
Julia!
"EveryoneinthehalllookedbehindandfoundJulia'sfather,withacamerainhishand,smilingather!
Tiffanywasthemostbeautifulgirlofusthree.Shelovedallkindsofdresses.Onthatday,shedressedherselfbeautifullyandwantedtohavesomebeautifulphotos.Unluckily,itwasoneofthewindiestdaysofourlife.Thewindblewherbeautifuldressupinfrontofthewholegraduateclass!
Shedidn'tknowwhethertocryorlaugh.
Lucky?
Unlucky?
Solucky!
Allofthesebecametheunforgettablepartofourlife!
（1）Thewriterwasvery inherdailylife.
A. careless
B. careful
C. friendly
D. lazy
（2）Julia'sfather atthegraduationceremony.
A. satquietlyinhisseat
B. wasbusywithhiswork
C. tookpicturesforher
D. droppedapinontheground
（3）Thisstoryhappenedona morning.
A. cloudy
B. windy
C. sunny
升级会员 