大学英语综合教程B1Unit 3 Understanding Science.docx

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大学英语综合教程B1Unit 3 Understanding Science.docx

大学英语综合教程B1Unit3UnderstandingScience

Unit3UnderstandingScience

TextAPublicAttitudeTowardScience

1.BackgroundInformation

BriefIntroductiontoStephenHawking

1)StephenHawking(1942-):

ChronologyofStephenHawking

——1942BorninOxford,England.

-—1958EnteredOxfordUniversityandbecameespeciallyinterestedinthermodynamics(热力学),relativitytheory,andquantummechanics(量子力学).

—-1962Receivedabachelor’sdegreeinphysicsandthenenrolledasaresearchstudentingeneralrelativityattheUniversityofCambridge。

-—1966EarnedhisPh.DdegreeattheUniversityofCambridge。

StayedattheUniversityofCambridgetodopost-doctoralresearch。

DiagnosedashavingAmyotrophicLateralSclerosis(ALS)(肌萎缩性骨髓侧索硬化).

“Iamquiteoftenasked:

HowdoyoufeelabouthavingALS?

Theansweris,notalot。

Itrytoleadasnormalasalifeaspossible,andnotthinkaboutmycondition,orregretthethingsitpreventsmefromdoing,whicharenotthatmany.”

--1977Becameaprofessorofphysics。

—-1979AppointedLucasianProfessorofmathematicsatCambridge,apostonceheldbyIsaacNewton。

2)MainAchievements

a)Singularity

Apointinspace-timeatwhichthespace-timecurvature(曲率)becomesinfinite.

b)blackhole

Aregionofspace-timefromwhichnothing,notevenlight,canescape.Nothingcanescapebecausegravityissostrong.

c)ABriefHistoryofTime

Oneofhisbookstomakehisworkaccessibletothepublic。

AlbertEinstein(1879—1955)

1)QuizaboutEinstein

DothequiztoseehowmuchyouknowaboutAlbertEinstein.

Inhisefforttodiscoverthegoverninglawsoftheuniverse,Einsteintriedtofindamathematicalrelationshipbetweentwonaturalforces.Whatarethey?

D

A)Electromagnetismandgravitation

B)Fission(裂变)andgravity

C)Electricityandthespeedoflight

D)Nuclearenergyandelectromagnetism

2)MonologueofEinstein

AlbertEinstein(1879—1955):

IwasborninUlm,Germanyin1879.Asyoumayknow,1905wasabigyearforme.That’swhenIturnedtheworldupsidedown,atleastforscientists,timehadtobelookedatinawholenewway—thatNewton’sviewofspaceandtimewasinaccurate。

TheseideasbecameknownasthespecialtheoryofrelativityandintroducedtheequationE=MC2。

TenyearslaterIpresentedthegeneraltheoryofrelativity.Thegeneraltheoryshowedthatgravityisnotaforce,asNewtonhadthought.Itisinsteadacurvatureofthespace-timecontinuum.

3)Doyouknow?

——Einsteincouldnotfindajobinphysicsupongraduationfromcollege,andbecameatechnicalassistantintheSwissPatentOffice.Heworkedontheoreticalphysicsinhissparetime。

--EinsteindidnotreceiveaNobelPrizeforhistheoryofrelativity.

—-EinsteinimmediatelyleftGermanyfortheUnitedStatesfollowingHitler’srisetopower。

—-Einsteinspentmuchofhislatercareersearchingforaunifiedfieldtheory,butwasunsuccessful.

—-EinsteindeclinedthepresidencyofthesateofIsraelwhenitwasofferedtohimin1952bythesateleaders.

-—Theelementeinsteinium(锿),discoveredin1952,wasnamedinthehonorofAlbertEinstein。

Frankenstein:

Thisisahorrorfilmaboutadoctorwhobuildsamonsteroutofdeadbodypartsandbringsittolifeusingelectricity,basedonthenovelbyMaryShelley.

III.GlobalReading

1。

chartcompletion

Fillinthechartbycomparingthefirst10linesofbothAlltheCabbieHadWasaLetterandPublicAttitudestowardSciencetoseestyledifferencebetweennarrationandexposition。

TextA

Paragraph

length

Sentence

length

simpleor

compound

sentences?

anypassive

voice?

anydialogue?

any3rd—

person

narrator?

Unit2

shorter

shorter

simple

no

yes

no

Unit3

longer

longer

compound

yes

no

yes

2.PartDivisionoftheText(seeStudent'sBookP69)

Parts

Lines

MainIdeas

1

1~33

Tomakeinformeddecisionsaboutchange,thepublicneedsabasicunderstandingofscience。

2

33~62

Whatcanbedonetoeducatethepublicaboutscience。

3

63~67

Withaninformedpublic,humancivilizationwillsurvive。

IV.DetailedReading

Importantwords,phrasesandsentences:

PartOne(Para.1~Para.3)

1.(L2)likely:

1)adj.probable很可能的,合适的,可靠的,有希望的

———AnaccidentlikelytoleadtowarisreportedonTV.

2)adv.probably(Whenusedasanad.,thewordisoftenprecededby"most","morethan”,or”very".Youdon'tuseitasanad。

onitsown。

)或许,很可能

-——Ishallverylikelytobehereagainnextmonth。

Pattern:

Itislikelythat…很可能

--Itishighlylikelythathewillsucceed.

CF:

likely,possible&probable

这些词都有“可能的"意思。

likely系常用词,指从表面迹象来看很有可能。

---Thelikelyoutcomeofthecontestvariesfrommomenttomoment。

possible指由于有适当的条件和方法,某事可能发生或做到,强调客观上有可能,但常会有实际希望很小的意思。

---Isitpossibletogettothecitybytrain,ormustItakeabus?

probable语气比possible强,指有根据,合情理,值得相信,带有大概,很可能的意思。

-—-Itisprobablethathehasforgottenourappointment。

2。

(L6)dowithout:

v.managetosurvive,continue,orsucceedalthoughyoudonothavesth。

youneed,want,orusu.have

没有…而设法对付过去;免除,不用

--Ican'taffordacar,so1guessI’llhavetodowithout。

-—Hecan’tdowithouttheservicesofasecretary。

Collocation:

doawaywith摆脱;废除,取消

doup系上,扣上;修理;打扮

havesomethingtodowith和…有关系

havenothingtodowith和…没有关系

3.(L6)highly:

adv.

1)very很,非常

--Mr.Smithwasahighlysuccessfulsalesman.

2)toahighdegree高度地

——Hespeaksveryhighlyofyou。

——出席这次会议的大部分人是受过高等教育的女性.

Mostofthepeoplepresentatthemeetingarehighlyeducatedwomen。

CF:

highly&high

这两个词都表示“高高地”。

highly这个副词是“高度地”的意思,是表达程度的,指的是抽象意义上的“高”.修饰形容词要使用highly。

——-ahighlypaidofficial薪俸优厚的官员

-—-thinkhighlyofsb。

器重某人

-——*ahighlyinfectiousdisease

high这个副词是作“高高地”讲,是表达位置的,指的是具体意义上的“高”。

构成复合形容词要用high.

—--aimhigh向高处瞄准

—-—searchhighandlow到处寻找

-—-*ahigh—bornmerchant

其他类似的例子有:

closely&close

closely细心地,严密地

—--WatchwhatIdoclosely。

—--Theprisonerswerecloselyguarded.囚犯被严密看守着

close近地

-—-Helivesclosetotheschool。

Para。

2

4。

(L9)put/turntheclockback:

v.returntoasituationthatusedtoexist,usuallybecausethepresentsituationisunpleasant倒退,开倒车

---Theemploymentbillinwhichwomenarenotallowedtotakejobswillputtheclockbackfiftyyears。

---Forgetallaboutitandlooktothefuture;youcan'tturntheclockback。

5。

(L10~11)Norcanonepreventfurtheradvancesinthefuture.

Whyisthissentencereserved?

Theword“nor"hereappearsatthebeginningofthesentence。

—-NorwillIdenythat.

6.(L13)bringabout:

v.make(sth.)happen使发生,致使=makehappen

—--这是怎么发生的?

Whatbroughtitabout?

—-—Someeducatorsarehopingtobringaboutmajorchangesintheeducationalsystem。

Collocation:

bringforth产生;提出

bringforward提前;提出

bringup教育;养育;提出

Fillintheblankwiththeabovephrasesandchangetheformwherenecessary.

1)Theyproposedthatthedateofthecongressbebroughtforthafewmonths.

2)Thetreesintheorchardbringforthmanyapples。

3)Hewaswellbroughtup。

4)Atthemeetingthenextmorning,thebroughtforth/forward/upmanyproblemsanddiscussedthemonebyone。

7。

(L14)inquire:

1)vt。

asktobetold询问,问明,查究

---Heinquired(ofher)thereasonforbeinglateagain。

-——Heaskedforhiskeyandinquiredwhethertherehadbeenanymessageforhim。

2)vi.seekinformationbyquestioning.

—-—我打电话询问有关火车时刻的事情.

Iranguptoinquireabouttraintimes.

Collocation:

inquireafter问候

inquirefor求见

inquireinto查究,调查

CF:

inquire,ask&question

这些词都有“问,询问”的意思。

inquire是较正式的书面用词,渴望知道某人或某事的确实情况,后不接人作宾语。

———Heinquiredyourtelephonenumber.

ask是最常用词,指为了了解某人或谋事而提出问题,请别人解答或向别人打听消息.

———Excuseme.MayIaskyouaquestion?

question指对某事不断提出问题,以便了解详细情况。

———Thesuspectwasquestionedbythepolice。

8。

(L15~16)Theonlywaytopreventfurtherdevelopmentswouldbeaglobalstatethatsuppressedanythingnew,andhumaninitiativeandinventivenessaresuchthateventhiswouldn’tsucceed.

1)Whatisthegrammaticalfunctionofthefirst“that”?

Here“that”bringsaboutanattributiveclause。

2)Whatdoesthestructure“suchthat”heremean?

Thestructureisusedtogiveanexplanationforsomething。

--Hismannerwassuchthathewouldoffendeveryonehemet.

3)Whatcanweinferfromthissentence?

Nowaycansuppressanythingnew,ashumaninitiativeandinventivenessdoexist.

9。

(L17)initiative:

n。

1)theabilitytomakedecisionsandtakeactionwithoutwaitingforsb.totellyou

whattodo主动;首创精神

——-Ifyoushowthatyouhaveinitiative,youwillsoonerorlaterbepromoted.

-—-Theworkersareabletosolvetheproblemsontheirowninitiative。

2)usedinthephrase"taketheinitiative":

bethefirstpersontotakeactiontoimproveasituationorrelationship,esp。

whenotherpeoplearewaitingforsb。

elsetodosth.采取主动

--—Hetooktheinitiativeinorganizingapartyafterhisbrother’swedding.

10。

(L17—18)Allitwoulddoisslowdowntherateofchange.

Whyisthereno“to"between“is”and“slow”?

When“do”appearsinthesubjectofasentence,thesign“to”ofaninfinitivewhichisusedasthepredicativecanbeomitted.

--Thefirstthinghedidwas(to)lookforaguide.

——Allwecoulddonowis(to)remaincool-headed.

11.(L18)rate:

n。

1)value,cost,speed,etc。

measuredbyitsrelationtosomeotheramount。

比率;速度;价格

——-Theworld’sforestsaredisappearingatanevenfasterratethanexpertshadthought.

—-—出生率是出生人数与人口数之比.

Thebirthrateisthenumberofbirthscomparedtothenumberofthepeople。

2)ofthe(numbered)quality等级

—-—afirst-rateperformer

Para.3

12。

(L20)ensure:

v。

makesure;guarantee.保证,确保,使安全,保证得到

---Thenewtreatywillensurepeace.

———我不能确保他能及时到这儿.

Ican’tensurethathewillbehereintime.

13。

(L22)informed:

adj。

know

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