四级真题第二套.docx
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四级真题第二套
PartII
1.
A)Thenumberofmalenurseshasgonedown.
B)Thereisdiscriminationagainstmalenurses.
C)Thereisagrowingshortageofmedicalpersonnel.
D)Thenumberofnurseshasdroppedtoarecordlow.
2.
A)Workingconditions.
B)Educationalsystem.
C)Inadequatepay.
D)Culturalbias.
.
3.
A)Hefelloutofalifeboat.
B)Hewasalmostdrowned.
C)Helosthiswayonabeach.
D)Heenjoyedswimminginthesea.
4.
A)Thelifeboatspatrolthearearoundtheclock.
B)Thebeachisagoodplacetowatchthetide.
C)Theemergencyservicesareefficient.
D)Thebeachisapopulartouristresort.
5.
)
A)Itclimbed25storeysatonego.
B)Itbrokeintoanofficeroom.
C)Itescapedfromalocalzoo.
D)Itbecameanonlinestar.
6.
A)Releaseitintothewild.
B)Returnittoitsowner.
C)Senditbacktothezoo.
D)Giveitaphysicalcheckup.
7.
A)Araccooncanperformactsnohumancan.
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B)Araccooncanclimbmuchhigherthanacat.
C)Theraccoondidsomethingnopoliticiancould.
D)Theraccoonbecameasfamousassomepoliticians.
8.
A)Shereceivedabonusunexpectedly.
B)Shegotawell-payingjobinabank.
C)Shereceivedherfirstmonthlysalary.
D)Shegotapayraiseforherperformance.
9.
A)Twodecadesago.
B)Severalyearsago.
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C)Justlastmonth.
D)Rightaftergraduation.
10.
A)Hesentasmallchecktohisparents.
B)Hetreatedhisparentstoanicemeal.
C)Hetookafewofhisfriendstoagym.
D)Heimmediatelydepositeditinabank.
11.
A)Joinhercolleaguesforgymexercise.
B)Visitherformeruniversitycampus.
C)Buysomeprofessionalclothes.
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D)Budgethersalarycarefully.
12.
A)Hehasjusttoomanythingstoattendto.
B)Hehasbeenoverworkedrecently.
C)Hehasadifficultdecisiontomake.
D)Hehasjustquarreledwithhisgirlfriend.
13.
A)Turntohisgirlfriendforassistance.
B)Giveprioritytothingsmoreurgent.
C)Thinktwicebeforemakingthedecision.
D)Seekadvicefromhisfamilyandadvisor.
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14.
A)Hisgirlfrienddoesnotsupporthisdecision.
B)Heisnotparticularlykeenonthejoboffered.
C)Helacksthemoneyforhisdoctoralprogram.
D)Hisparentsandadvisorhavedifferentopinions.
15.
A)Theyneedtimetomakepreparations.
B)Theyhaven’tstartedtheircareersyet.
C)Theyneedtosaveenoughmoneyforit.
D)Theyhaven’twontheirparents’approval.
16.
?
A)Expressingideasandopinionsfreely.
B)Enrichingsocialandintellectuallives.
C)Acquiringinformationandprofessionalknowledge.
D)Usinginformationtounderstandandsolveproblems.
17.
A)Travelingtodifferentplacesintheworld.
B)Playinggamesthatchallengeone’smind.
C)Improvingmind-readingstrategies.
D)Readingclassicscientificliterature.
18.
A)Participateindebatesordiscussions.
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B)Exposethemselvestodifferentcultures.
C)Discardpersonalbiasesandprejudices.
D)Giveothersfreedomtoexpressthemselves.
19.
A)Whydogscanbefaithfulfriendsofhumans.
B)Thenatureofrelationshipsbetweendogs.
C)Thereasonagreatmanypeoplelovedogs.
D)Howdogsfeelabouttheirbondswithhumans
20.
A)Theybehavelikeotheranimalsinmanyways.
B)Theyhaveanunusualsenseofresponsibility.
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C)Theycanrespondtohumansquestions.
D)Theycanfallinlovejustlikehumans.
21.
A)Theystaywithonepartnerforlife.
B)Theyhavetheirownjoysandsorrows.
C)Theyexperiencetrueromanticlove.
D)Theyhelphumansinvariousways.
22.
A)Arareanimal.
B)Ahistoricalsite.
C)Acowbone.
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D)Apreciousstone.
23.
A)Datingit.
B)Preservingit.
C)Measuringit.
D)Identifyingit.
24.
A)Thechannelneedstointerviewtheboy.
B)Theboyshouldhavecalledanexpert.
C)Theboy’sfamilyhadactedcorrectly.
D)Thesiteshouldhavebeenprotected.
,
25.
A)Conductamoredetailedsearch.
B)AsktheuniversitytorewardJude.
C)Searchforsimilarfossilselsewhere.
D)Seekadditionalfundsforthesearch.
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PartIII
SectionA
Finally,somegoodnewsaboutairplanetravel.Ifyouareonaplanewithasickpassenger,youareunlikelytogetisthe26Bofanewstudythatlookedathowrespiratoryviruses27Lonairplanes.Researchersfoundthatonlypeoplewhowereseatedinthesamerowasapassengerwiththeflu,forexample—oronerowinfrontoforbehindthatindividual—hadahighriskofcatchingtheillness.Allotherpassengershadonlyavery28Kchanceofgettingsick,accordingtothefindings.Mediareportshavenotnecessarilypresented29Ainformationabouttheriskofgettinginfectedonanairplaneinthepast.Therefore,thesenewfindingsshouldhelpairplanepassengerstofeelless30Otocatchingrespiratoryinfectionswhiletravelingbyair.
Priortothenewstudy,littlewasknownabouttherisksofgetting31Cinfectedbycommonrespiratoryviruses,suchasthefluorcommoncold,onanairplane,theresearcherssaid.So,to32Etherisksofinfection,thestudyteamflewon10different33Ginthe.duringthefluresearchersfoundthatpassengerssittingwithintwoseatson34Dsideofapersoninfectedwiththeflu,aswellasthosesittingonerowinfrontoforbehindthisindividual,hadaboutan80percentchanceofgettingsick.Butotherpassengerswere35Hsafefrominfection.Theyhadalessthan3percentchanceofcatchingtheflu.
A)Accurate准确的
B)conclusion结局,结果
C)directly直接了当的
D)either两者之一的
E)evaluate评估
F)explorations探索
G)flights航班
H)]
I)largely在很大程度上
J)nearby附近
K)respond回应response
L)slim纤细的,苗条的
M)spread传播
N)summit顶峰,峰会
O)vividly生动形象的
P)vulnerable脆弱的bevulnerableto
…
SectionB
IsBreakfastReallytheMostImportantMealoftheDay
早餐真的是一天中最重要的一餐吗
[A]Alongwitholdclassicslike“carrotsgiveyounightvision”and“Santadoesn’tbringtoystomisbehavingchildren”,oneofthemostwell-wornphrasesoftiredparentseverywhereisthatbreakfastisthemostimportantmealoftheday.Manyofusgrowupbelievingthatskippingbreakfastisaseriousmistake,evenifonlytwothirdsofadultsintheUKeatbreakfastregularly,accordingtotheBritishDieteticAssociation,andaroundthree-quartersofAmericans.
[A]除了“胡萝卜给你夜视”和“圣诞老人不会给行为不端的孩子带来玩具”等古老的经典名言外,各地疲惫的父母们最熟悉的一句话是早餐是一天中最重要的一餐。
根据英国饮食协会(BritishDietticAssociation)的数据,我们中的许多人从小到大都认为不吃早餐是一个严重的错误,即使只有三分之二的英国成年人经常吃早餐,而大约四分之三的美国人也是如此。
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[B]“Thebodyusesalotofenergystoresforgrowthandrepairthroughthenight,”explainsdietspecialistSarahElder.“Eatingabalancedbreakfasthelpstoupourenergy,aswellasmakeupforproteinandcalciumusedthroughoutthenight.”Butthere’swidespreaddisagreementoverwhetherbreakfastshouldkeepitstopspotinthehierarchy(ip)ofmeals.Therehavebeenconcernsaroundthesugarcontentofcerealandthefoodindustry’sinvolvementinpro-breakfastresearch—andevenoneclaimfromanacademicthatbreakfastis“dangerous”.
[B]饮食专家莎拉·埃尔德解释说:
“人体整夜都要消耗大量的能量储备来生长和修复。
”“吃一顿均衡的早餐有助于补充我们的能量,还能补充整晚消耗的蛋白质和钙。
”但是,关于早餐是否应该保持其在餐饮等级(IP)中的首位,人们普遍存在分歧。
人们对谷类食品的含糖量和食品业参与支持早餐的研究表示担忧,甚至有一位学者声称早餐是“危险的”。
[C]What’stherealityIsbreakfastanecessarystarttothedayoramarketingtacticbycerealcompaniesThemostresearchedaspectofbreakfast(andbreakfast-skipping)hasbeenitslinkstoobesity.Scientistshavedifferenttheoriesastowhythere’sarelationshipbetweenthetwo.InoneUSstudythatanalysedthehealthdataof50,000peopleoversevenyears,researchersfoundthatthosewhomadebreakfastthelargestmealofthedayweremorelikelytohavealowerbodymassindex(BMI)thanthosewhoatealargelunchordinner.Theresearchersarguedthatbreakfasthelpsreducedailycalorieintakeandimprovethequalityofourdiet—sincebreakfastfoodsareoftenhigherinfibreandnutrients.
[C]现实是什么早餐是一天的必要开始,还是谷类食品公司的一种营销策略研究最多的早餐(和不吃早餐)是它与肥胖的联系。
对于为什么两者之间存在联系,科学家们有不同的理论。
美国的一项研究分析了5万人七年来的健康数据,研究人员发现,那些把早餐作为一天中最丰盛的一餐的人比那些午餐或晚餐吃得多的人更有可能身体质量指数(BMI)更低。
研究人员认为,早餐有助于减少每天的卡路里摄入量,并提高我们饮食的质量-因为早餐食物通常含有更高的纤维和营养素。
[D]Butaswithanystudyofthiskind,itwasunclearifthatwasthecause—orifbreakfast-skipperswerejustmorelikelytobeoverweighttobeginwith.Tofindout,researchersdesignedastudyinwhich52obesewomentookpartina12-weckweightlossprogramme.Allhadthesamenumberofcaloriesovertheday,buthalfhadbreakfast,whiletheotherhalfdidnot.Whattheyfoundwasthatitwasn’tbreakfastitselfthatcausedtheparticipantstoloseweight:
itwaschangingtheirnormalroutine.
[D]但与任何这类研究一样,目前还不清楚这是不是原因,或者不吃早餐的人一开始就更有可能超重。
为了找出答案,研究人员设计了一项研究,52名肥胖女性参加了一个12周的减肥计划。
所有人在一天中摄入的卡路里都是相同的,但一半人吃早餐,而另一半人没有。
他们发现,导致参与者减肥的不是早餐本身,而是改变了他们的日常生活方式。
[E]Ifbreakfastaloneisn’taguaranteeofweightloss,whyistherealinkbetweenobesityandbreakfast-skippingUAlexandraJohnstone,professorofappetiteresearchattheUniversityofAberdeen,arguesthatitmaysimplybebecausebreakfast-skippershavebeenfoundtobelessknowledgeableaboutnutritionandhealth.“Therearealotofstudiesontherelationshipbetweenbreakfasteatingandpossiblehealthoutcomes,butthismaybebecausethosewhoeatbreakfastchoosetohabituallyhavehealth-enhancingbehaviourssuchasregularexerciseandnotsmoking,”shesays.
[E]如果单靠早餐不能保证减肥,为什么肥胖和早餐之间存在联系阿伯丁大学(UniversityOfAberdeen)食欲研究教授亚历山德拉·约翰斯通(UAlexandraJohnstone)认为,这可能只是因为人们发现,不吃早餐的人对营养和健康的知识较少。
她说:
“有很多关于吃早餐和可能的健康结果之间关系的研究,但这可能是因为那些吃早餐的人选择习惯性地进行有益健康的行为,比如定期锻炼和不吸烟。
”
[F]A2016reviewof10studieslookingintotherelationshipbetweenbreakfastandweightmanagementconcludedthereis“limitedevidence”supportingorrefutingtheargumentthatbreakfastinfluencesweightorfoodintake,andmoreevidenceisrequiredbeforebreakfastrecommendationscanbeusedtohelppreventobesity.
[F]2016年,一项针对早餐与体重管理关系的10项研究的综述得出结论,支持或驳斥早餐影响体重或食物摄入量的观点