英语四级听力原文完整.docx

英语四级听力原文完整.docx

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英语四级听力原文完整

2016年6月英语四级听力原文（完整）

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2016年6月英语四级听力原文（完整）

Themassivedeclineinsleephappenedsoslowlyandquietlythatfewseemedtonoticethetrend.WasitbecauseofthegrowingattractionoftheInternet,videogamesandendlessTVchannels?

Never

disconnectingfromwork?

Nomatterhowithappened,millionsofAmericansareputtingtheirhealth,qualityoflifeandevenlengthoflifeindanger.

Newevidenceshowswhygettingenoughsleepisatoppriority.Some0%ofAmericansgetlessthanhoursofshut-eyeonweeknights."Thelinkbetweensleepandhealth,andbadsleepanddiseaseisbecomingclearerandclearer."saysLawrenceAlberstaine,asleepexpertatHarvardUniversity.Forexample,sleepdurationhasdeclinedfromsomehoursinthe1950stoinrecentyears.Atthesametime,highbloodpressurehasbecomeanincreasingproblem.Bloodpressureandheartratearetypicallyattheirlowestlevelsduringsleep.Peoplewhosleeplesstendtohavehigherbloodpressure,heartattack,diabetes,weightgainandotherproblems.

Sleepingbettermayhelpfightoffillness."Whenpeoplearesleep-derived,therearehigherlevelsof

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stresshormonesintheirbodieswhichcandecreaseimmunefunction."saysDoctorFelice,ofNorthwesternUniversityinChicago.AuniversityofChicagostudyshowspeoplewhosleepwelllivelonger.Sosaygoodnightsooneranditmayhelpyoustayactiveandvitaltoaripeoldage.

Q16.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?

Q17.Whatdowelearnfromthetalkabouttoday'sAmericans?

Q18.Whatdoesthespeakersaywillhappentopeoplewholacksleep?

Parentsandteacherswilltellyounottoworrywhenapplyingforaplaceatauniversity.Butinthesamebreathwillremindyouthatitisthemostimportantdecisionofyourlife.

Thefirstdecisionisyourchoiceofcourse.Itwilldependonwhatyouwanttogetoutofuniversity,whatyouaregoodatandwhatyouenjoy.Thenextdecisioniswheretoapply.Aimhighbutwithinreason.Doyouhavetherightcombinationofsubjectsandareyourexpectedgradeslikelytomeetentryrequirements?

ThedeadlineisJanuary15th.Butitisbesttosubmityour

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applicationearlybecauseuniversitiesbeginworkassoonasformsstartrollingin.

Themostimportantpartoftheapplicationisthemuchfearedpersonalstatement.Thisisyourchancetoconveyboundlessenthusiasmforthesubject.Soeconomyofexpressionisforemost.Omitdullandineffectivegeneralitiesandmakesureyougiveconcreteexamples.

Admissionsofficersreadeverypersonalstatementthatarrives.Itisnotconvincingifyousayyouhavechosenthesubjectbecauseyouenjoyit.Youhavetogetacrosswhatitisaboutaparticularareathathasinspiredyou.Theywilllookforevidencethatyouhavereflectedandthoughtaboutthesubject.

Applicantsshouldbehonest.Thereisnopointsayingyourunmarathons,ifyouaregoingtobeoutofbreatharrivingattheinterviewonthesecondfloor.

Q19.Whatisthefirstdecisionyoushouldmakeinpreparingtoapplyforaplaceatauniversity?

Q20.Whatisthemostimportantpartoftheapplication?

Q21.Whatmustapplicantsdointheirpersonalstatements?

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ItiswidelybelievedthatGermaninventedthefirstcarin1885.Itwasactuallyatricyclewithapetrolmotorattherear.Soon,membersoftheroyalfamilyandotherwealthypeopletookupmotoringasasport.Manyoftheearlycarshadseats.Therewerenopetrolpumpsandfewgarages,soeverydriverhadtobehisownengineerforthefrequentbreakdowns.

By1905,carsbegantolooklikecarsoftoday,withheadlamps,windscreen,rubbletiresandnumberplates.HenryFord'sModelTintroducedinAmericain190wascheaperbecauseitwasmadeontheassemblyline.Itbroughtcarsclosertowardsthereachofordinarypeople.Withthepopularityofthecar,registrationbecameamustin190withthemotorcaract.Competencytestswereintroducedin1935.

Today,thelegaldrivingageforacarintheUKis17.Youarenotallowedtodriveacarunsuperviseduntilyouhavepassedadrivingtest.In1958,Britaincelebratedtheopeningofitsfirstmotorway–the

PrestonBypass.Untilthen,noonereallyunderstoodwhatamotorwaywas,noteventhelaborerswhowerebuildingit.Thebypassheldanewerainmotortravel

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andwasgreetedwithexcitementandoptimism.Servicestationscamewiththemotorwayandthelegendofthetransportcafewasborn.Ofcourse,theservicestationhasdiversifiedgreatly.Butwhetherit’san

English-cookedbreakfastoracoffeeandasandwich,onethinghasremainedthesame:

theprices.

Q22.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutthefirstmotorcar?

Q23.WhatwastheproblemwiththeearlycarsinBritain?

Q24.WhydidHenryFord'sModelTcarscostless?

Q25.WhatdowelearnaboutthePrestonBypass?

【Conversations】

M:

So,Linzy,doyouliketotextmessageonyourcellphone?

W:

Yeah,Itextmessagealot.

M:

Idon'tdoitsomuch.IprefertomakeacallifI'minahurry.

W:

Yeah,Igobothways.SometimesIdon’treally

wanttotalktotheperson.Ijustwanttoaskthemonequestion,soit'smucheasierformejusttotextmessage.IfIcallthem,I'llhavetohavealong

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conversation.

M:

Yeah,Icanseewhatyoumean.ButIgetoffthephoneprettyquicklywhenIcall.I'mnotabigtalker.

W:

Yeah,that'strue.Youdon'ttalkalot.

M:

Soareyoufastatwritingthemessageswithyourthumb?

W:

Well,whenIfirstgotacellphone,Iwassoslow.IthoughtIwouldnevertextmessage.Butthenpeoplekepttextmessagingme,soIfeltobligedtolearnhowtotextmessage.SonowI'mprettyfast.Whataboutyou?

M:

ActuallyIhavetheoppositeproblem.WhenIfirstgotmycellphone,Ithoughtitwassocooltotextmessageallmyfriendswhohaveone,andIwasprettyfastwithmythumbthen.ButitseemslikenowIdon'tuseitsomuch,I'vegotsloweractually.

W:

Yeah,Ithinktextmessagingactuallyiswhatyouhavetodowithyourage.Forexample,peopleinhighschool,theytextmessagealot.ButIaskmyfatherifhetextedmessages,andguesswhathesaid?

M:

What?

W:

Hesaidhe'dnevertextmessage.Hethinksit's

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verychildishandunprofessionaltotextmessage.

M:

Yeah,Icanseewhathemeans.It'sconsideredprettyinformaltotextmessagetosomeone.

Questionsto11arebasedontheconversationyou'vejustheard.

Q8:

Whatdoesthemansayabouthimself?

Q9:

Whatdoesthewomantendtodowhilesheisonthephone?

Q10:

Whydidthemantextmessageallhisfriendswhenhefirstgothiscellphone?

Q11:

Whatdoesthewoman'sfatherthinkoftextmessaging?

W:

Goodmorning,Mr.Johnson.HowcanIhelpyou?

M:

Well,I'dliketotalktoyouaboutTimBond,thedepartmentmanager.

W:

Whatseemstobetheproblem?

M:

Well,eversinceSandraleftthedepartment,IfeellikeI'vebeentargetedtodoallherworkaswellasmine.I'mexpectedtoattendtoomanymeetingsandIseemtobespendingalotofmytimedoingunnecessarypaperwork.

W:

I'msorrytohearthat.

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M:

And,ontopofthat,I'dspecificallyaskedifIcouldleaveearlylastFridayasIdonealotofovertimeduringtheweek.Butthatafternoon,eventhoughI'dfinishedmyassignedwork,Iwastoldtohelpothercolleaguesfinishtheirwork,too.

W:

Butsurelythat'sapositivesignshowingthatMr.Bondhasalotoftrustinyou.

M:

Yes,butothercolleaguesgettoleaveearly,andtheydon'thavesuchalotofworktodo.

W:

Soyoufeelhe'sreallymakingunrealisticdemandsonyou?

M:

Yes,absolutely.

W:

HaveyouapproachedMr.Bondaboutthisparticularproblem?

M:

I'vetried,butitseemslikehejusthasnotimeforme.

W:

Well,atthisstage,itwouldbebetterifyouapproachedhimdirectly.Ifnothingelseshowingthatyou'vetriedtosolvetheproblemyourselfbeforeyoutakeitfurther.Makesitclearthatyou'rejustnotacomplainer.Whydon'tyousendanemailrequestingameetingwithhiminprivate?

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M:

Hmm,I'vebeenabitworriedabouthisreaction.ButanywayI'llsendhimanemailtorequestameeting,andI'llseewhathappensfromthere.Thanksforyouradvice.

W:

Goodluck.Andletusknowtheoutcome.

Questions1to1arebasedontheconversationyou'vejustheard.

Q12.Whatdowelearnaboutthemanfromtheconversation?

Q13.Whatistheman'schiefcomplaint?

Q14.Howdoesthewomaninterpretthefactthatthemanwasaskedtohelphiscolleagueswiththeirwork?

Q15.Whatdidthewomanadvisethemantodo?

【News

Reports】

TheInternationalLaborOrganizationsaysthenumberofpeoplewithoutjobsisincreasing.Initslatestupdateonglobalemploymenttrends,theagencysaysprojectionsofthenumberofunemployedpeoplethisyearrangefrom10milliontonearly40millionpeople.Thereportwarnsthat00millionpoorworkersareatriskofjoiningtheranksofpeoplelivingonlessthandollarsperdayinthepastthreeyears.The

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directorgeneraloftheInternationalLabor

OrganizationJuanSomavianotesthatsomecountrieshavetakenmeasurestoaddresstheeffectsoftheglobalcrisis.

However,hepointsoutthatmanycountrieshavenotdoneso.Andbasedonpastexperiences,ittakesfourtofiveyearsaftereconomicrecoveryforunemploymenttoreturntopre-crisislevels.Mr.SomaviasaystheInternationalLaborOrganizationisproposingaglobaljobs'agreementtodealwithunemployment.'It'skeyobjectiveistoplaysothecenterofrecoveryefforts,measuresthatwouldgeneratehighlevelsofemploymentandprovidebasicsocialprotectionforthemostvulnerable.'

Q1.Whatisthenewsreportmainlyabout?

Q2.Whatdo