物联网在智能交通中的应用英文版.docx

物联网在智能交通中的应用英文版.docx

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物联网在智能交通中的应用英文版

深圳大学考试答题纸

（以论文、报告等形式考核专用）

二○一二～二○一三学年度第一学期

课程编号

2313991504

课程名称

专业讲座

主讲教师

代明军

评分

姓名

学号

安令喆2009130375

阳晨希2009130379

叶宇昕2009130404

专业年级

2009级通信工程

教师评语：

题目：

物联网在智能交通中的应用

【Abstract】　WiththeincreasingtrafficpressureinShenzhen,thepublictransportation,asanimportantpartofurbantransportation,carriesontheresponsibilitiesofrelievingthetransportationingestionandraisingtheefficiencyoftraveling.ThelevelofthedevelopmentofpublictransportationnotonlyembodiestheimageofShenzhen,butalsoberelatedwitheverycitizen.

Nowadays,theroadnetworkofShenzhenhasformedanetpatternwiththeseveraldecadesofbuildingandimproving.Becauseoftheincreasingurbanpopulation,theconstitutionofITShasbecometheonlywaytosustaintheShenzhen'stransportation.TheITSistheorientationoffuturetransportation.Itmakesthetraditionaltransmutationpatternmoreintelligent,safe,greenandefficientbyhightechnology.

TheIOT,asanimportantpartofanewgenerationinformationtechnology,connectsanythingintotheinternet,exchangesinformationandcommunicatesaccordingtoformedprotocolthroughtheRFID,GPSandotherintonationsensingdevice.WiththedevelopingofIOT,therewillgiveimpetustothedevelopmentandimprovingoftheITS.

Basedonpreviousbackground,wepointouttheproblemsandtheweaknessofthepreviousITS,andthenwediscussthesignificanceofintelligenttransportationstructurewhichbasedonthecircumstanceofIOT.

Afterconsideringtheexistedproblem,wepointoutthenecessityoflead-intheIOTintointelligenttransportation.

【KeyWords】IntelligentTransportationSystem;InternetofThings;SystemArchitecture;Evaluation.

【摘要】在深圳交通压力日益增大的背景下,作为城市交通一个重要组成部分的公共交通自然承载着缓解交通拥堵，提高出行效率的重任。

公共交通事业的发达程度不仅仅体现着深圳的城市形象,也和每一位出行的市民息息相关。

目前,深圳市道路网络经过几十年的建设和完善,基本形成了网状的道路结构。

由于市区人口集聚进一步加剧,智能交通体系建设已成为深圳交通可持续发展的必由之路。

智能交通将是未来交通的发展方向,它将通过高科技使传统的交通模式变得更加智能化,更加安全、节能、高效率。

物联网作为新一代信息技术的重要组成部分,通过射频识别,全球定位系统等信息感应设备,按照约定的协议,把任何物体与互联网相连,进行信息交换和通信。

随着物联网技术的不断发展也为智能交通系统的进一步发展和完善注入了新的动力。

在以上研究背景下，我们提出了现有智能交通系统模式所存在的问题与不足，并探讨了研究物联网环境下智能交通系统模型与架构的意义；其次，通过分析现存问题，阐述智能交通系统引入物联网技术的必要性。

【关键字】智能交通系统;物联网;系统构架;评估;

Catalog

1.Introduction

1.1.Background

1.1.1.Thesocializeofautodevelopment

Uptonow,thereareabout4millioncarsinShenzhen.Autosocietyhasbroughtsomanyproblems,suchastrafficcongestion,trafficaccident,energyconsumerandenvironmentpollution.Becausethegreatdepressionofeconomywhichcausedbytrafficjam,eventhecountrysuchasAmericaandJapan,whohasdevelopedroadfacility,stillhavetousethemanagewayofcaringbothsupplyanddemandinsteadofthewaythatjustcaringthedemandofthepeople,tosolvethecrucialtrafficproblems.Theseindustrialcountrieswhosedevelopmentarebasedontheauto’ssupport,areaimedtofindawaythatnotonlykeepthesocializationofautomobile,butalsosolvetheproblembroughtbytrafficjam.Theywishtogetthehelpfrommoderntechnologytoreachafinalgoalcalled”safety,efficiency,environment,keepingenergy”.SotheconceptofITShasalreadyappeared.

1.1.2.Constantlyincreaseurbanizationprocess

Urbanizationprocesswillleadthedevelopmentofintelligenttransportationsystem:

1）Becauseoftheprocessofurbanization,thetransportfacilitiesbetweencityandcityareinagreatneed.Uptonow,high-speedroadsinchinaonlycoverthecitywhichhasmorethan500000people.Thecitiesthatonlyhaveabout200000people,only60%ofthemhaveaccesstohigh-speedroads.Themoreinvestmentshavegiventoincreasethedensityofhigh-speedroadnetwork,themoreITSwillbeinneed.

2）Withtheincreasingofurbanizationprocessandthedemandofcar,theproblemscausedbytrafficjambecomemuchmoreseriously.Withthehelpofintelligenttransportation,wecanletthesupplyinganddemandinggotoabalancesituation.Asweknowthatdifferentcitieshavetheirowncharacter.Inourcountry,nearlyalmostcities’structurehaveaconcentrationcenterandthenspreadtooutside.Thecentralbusinessdistricthavelargedensityofpopulationandpeople’sdailyactivitiesarealsoveryfrequentlyhappenatthere.

3）Thedemandingofcitytransportationsystemwillstillincreaseformanyyears.Intelligenttransportationwillwelcomeabrillianttimeduringitsdevelopmentinchina,whichmaybringpositiveresultonthreeaspects----increasingtheefficiencyoftransportationfacilities,increasingservicequalityoftransportationsystem,conservation-mindedsocietytransportationsystem.

1.2.Themainideaandworkofarticle

ThemaintargetofarticleistocreatetheITSmodelwhichunderthecircumstanceofIOT,andmakeupawholestructureofITSinnewenvironment.First,sensingandsharingisthebasicpartofITS.Forexample,vehicleinformation,cargoinformation,roadsituationallcanbeusedinanintegrateway.Onthewhole,insomerealm,wecanletoneunittoguidethewholearea,sothatwecandevelopmucheasier.Becausethedisturboftechnology,wecannotgetenoughinformation,theITSinourcountryisonlyconcerningaboutmanagementofsystem.Inordertoguaranteetheefficientworkofthewholesystem,thenecessarythingtoourworkistocreatethenewestsensorstoourfacilitiesandcollecttheinformationfromthesesensorseasilyandsmoothly.ThedevelopmentofITSinourcountryispointonthesolutionofapplication,butourtechnologystillweakincommunicationatterminalpartandininformationcollecting.

Basedonthesituationofnowadays’ITS,westateoutamodelthatbasedontheplatformofIOT,sothatitcanhelptosharetheinformationsourcesandletthesubsystemsworktogether.

2.InternetofThings

Internetofthings（IOT）isaconcentratednetworkwhichcontainsfivepartsofinformationsensingdevices---sensorequipment,RFIDequipment,lasermonitor,GPSandlaserscanner.IOTisaimedtocreatetheconnectionbetweenthenetworkandthings,sothatwecontrolthesituationofthethingslikeidentifyingthecargo,positioning,tracking,monitoringandtriggeringtheeventofthethingsautomatically.

Asweknowthattherearetwowavesthatpushedtheworldinformationindustrialtogoforward.Theyarethecreationofcomputerandtheconnectionofnetwork.Now,thethirdwavealsoappearstous.It’stheIOT.AftertheappearingtheconceptofIOT,ithaschangedthepeople’sidea.Inthepast,wejusttookthephysicalfacilitiesandITfacilitiesintotwoaspects,inonehand,wemeanittheroad,airportandarchitecture,inanotherhand,wemeanitdatecenter,personalcomputerandbroadband.Nowadays,thetwoaspectscometogether,whichmeansthatthecementandchipconcentratetogetherandwejustcallalloftheseinasamename---infrastructure.Basedonthisconcept,theworldjustlikeabigfactoryandeconomicalmanagement,production,socialmanagementandevenindividuallifeareallbasedonIOT.

In2005,theITUpublishedareportentitled“internetofthings”,itsfirstauthor,Laura,Srivastavasaid:

”Wearenowstandingattheentranceofaneweraofcommunication,inthisdayandage,weknowtheInternetwillbeundergoingafundamentalchangeintheITUreportofThings.Internetisaconnectingtoolthatbuildstheconnectionbetweenhumanandthings,italsocreateconnectionbetweendifferentthings.”TherearefourkeytechnologiesstatedbyITU，tagthingsRFID,sensornetworktechnology,smarttechnologynanotechnologyandminiaturethings.

2.1.RFID

RFIDisanon-contactautomaticidentificationtechnology,automatictargetrecognitionbytheRFsignalandaccesstorelevantdata.Therecognitionprocesscanworkinavarietyofharshenvironmentsanditdoesnotneedhumantointervene.RFIDtechnologycanidentifymanytagsthatwhichhavehighspeedanditisreallyeasilyandquicklytooperatethem.Therearethreetechnologies,RFID,internetandtelecommunications,helptotrackandsharetheinformationinworldrange.

MostRFIDsystemconsistsof5parts.Electronictags,reader,antenna,middlewareandapplicationsoftware.NowIwillmakeabriefintroductiontoyouaboutthe5parts.

Electronictags:

theelectronictagswasattachedatthesurfaceofthethingswhichareusedtoidentifythethings,causeitisuniqueintheworld,whichmeansitisimpossibletoimitatebyother.

Reader:

readtheequipmentoftheelectronictaginformationcanbedesignedforhandheldorfixed.

Antenna:

createtheconnectionbetweenthereaderandelectronictags.

Middleware:

amessageorientedandcanacceptrequestsbytheapplicationsoftwareside.

Applicationsoftware:

tohelptheusercompletetheinstructionofthereaderandmiddleware’slogicset.

2.2.Sensornetworktechnology

Sensoristhenameofagroupofdeviceswhichcanhelpustocollectinformationaboutforce,light,electricity,voiceandlocation,anditalsoplayasabasicpartoffeed-backsystem.Withthedevelopmentoftechnologylevel,traditionalsensorhasgraduallychangedtothenewhierarchywiththecharactersofminiature,intelligence,informationandnetwork.

Wirelesssensornetworkisacompoundnetworksystem,whichbasedonthetechnologiesofdistributioninformationcollection,informationtransportationandinformationprocessing,isanimportanttechnologythathelpstokeepthecountry’ssafetyandimprovetheeconomicgrowth.ItisthesensorsthatcoveredallthingsintheworldthathelptheIOTtosensethewholeworld.

2.3.Intelligencetechnology

Intelligencetechnologyiswaythatusingknowledgeasatoolthathelpstoreachsomeanticipatedtargets.OneofthekeytechnologiesofIOTistoembedintelligentsystemtotheobjectandletit